Data-Driven Adaptive Dynamic Programming for Optimal Control of Continuous-Time Multicontroller Systems With Unknown Dynamics

This paper investigates the optimal control of continuous-time multi-controller systems with completely unknown dynamics using data-driven adaptive dynamic programming (DD-ADP). In this investigation, all controllers take actions together as a team, and they have precisely the same cost function, wh...

Celý popis

Uloženo v:

Podrobná bibliografie
Vydáno v:	IEEE access Ročník 10; s. 41503 - 41511
Hlavní autor:	Zhao, Jingang
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Piscataway IEEE 2022 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Témata:	Adaptive control Adaptive dynamic programming Algorithms Control systems Control theory Controllers Cost function Dynamic programming fully cooperative games Game theory Games Heuristic algorithms Iterative methods Mathematical models multi-controller systems Neural networks Nonlinear control Nonlinear systems Optimal control Performance analysis Stability analysis System dynamics System effectiveness unknown dynamics
ISSN:	2169-3536, 2169-3536
On-line přístup:	Získat plný text
Tagy:	Přidat tag Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!

Abstract	This paper investigates the optimal control of continuous-time multi-controller systems with completely unknown dynamics using data-driven adaptive dynamic programming (DD-ADP). In this investigation, all controllers take actions together as a team, and they have precisely the same cost function, which is actually a fully cooperative game. According to optimal control theory, the HJB equation corresponding to the fully cooperative game is derived. To obtain the solution to HJB equation, a model-based policy iteration (PI) algorithm is first presented. On the basis of the PI algorithm, a DD-ADP algorithm without requiring the system dynamics is developed, and the neural networks (NNs) implementation scheme of the developed DD-ADP algorithm is given. Stability and convergence analysis are derived by Lyapunov theory. Finally, numerical simulation examples on linear and nonlinear multi-controller systems demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed scheme.
AbstractList	This paper investigates the optimal control of continuous-time multi-controller systems with completely unknown dynamics using data-driven adaptive dynamic programming (DD-ADP). In this investigation, all controllers take actions together as a team, and they have precisely the same cost function, which is actually a fully cooperative game. According to optimal control theory, the HJB equation corresponding to the fully cooperative game is derived. To obtain the solution to HJB equation, a model-based policy iteration (PI) algorithm is first presented. On the basis of the PI algorithm, a DD-ADP algorithm without requiring the system dynamics is developed, and the neural networks (NNs) implementation scheme of the developed DD-ADP algorithm is given. Stability and convergence analysis are derived by Lyapunov theory. Finally, numerical simulation examples on linear and nonlinear multi-controller systems demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed scheme.
Author	Zhao, Jingang
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Jingang orcidid: 0000-0002-2583-8446 surname: Zhao fullname: Zhao, Jingang email: zhaojingang521@126.com organization: College of Information and Control Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, China
BookMark	eNp9UU1v1DAUtFCRKKW_oBdLnLP4I3bi4ypboFJRkbYVR8tx7MVLYi-2A9oD_x1v0yLEAV88eu_NaN6b1-DMB28AuMJohTES79Zdd73drggiZEUxbxElL8A5wVxUlFF-9hd-BS5T2qPy2lJizTn4tVFZVZvofhgP14M65ILg5ujV5DT8HMMuqmlyfgdtiPCutCc1wi74HMMIg32Ezs9hTtW9mwz8NI_Z6aU_mgi3x5TNlOAXl7_CB__Nh5_-WT-9AS-tGpO5fPovwMP76_vuY3V79-GmW99WukZtrnrWMyYGa3FjChDMoB4Zi1rdWDRwahtNhBWGNaJmCCumKTdWCUL7use9ohfgZtEdgtrLQyxLxKMMysnHQog7qWKxPRpJLNONxuVEoq65afueaa6ophoPQ61s0Xq7aB1i-D6blOU-zNEX-5JwxlqOsGBlSixTOoaUorFSu6yyOx1GuVFiJE_hySU8eQpPPoVXuPQf7rPj_7OuFpYzxvxhiIa1DcH0N96Tqcw
CODEN	IAECCG
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2022_3193505 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12555_022_0223_4 crossref_primary_10_1109_JAS_2023_124125 crossref_primary_10_1109_JAS_2024_124950 crossref_primary_10_3390_app12136741 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12555_022_1133_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jestch_2025_102054 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neunet_2024_106880 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neucom_2024_127573 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aej_2025_09_008 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2025_3587808
Cites_doi	10.1016/j.neucom.2020.06.083 10.1016/j.automatica.2014.02.015 10.1109/TCYB.2020.2989419 10.1109/TII.2020.3042631 10.1002/9781119132677 10.1109/TASE.2019.2948431 10.1109/TAC.2016.2548662 10.1080/00207721.2020.1797223 10.1016/j.neucom.2018.02.107 10.1007/s11063-020-10220-z 10.1109/TSMC.2021.3105663 10.1137/1.9781611973242 10.1016/j.automatica.2021.109687 10.1109/TFUZZ.2020.2966418 10.1109/TNNLS.2015.2441749 10.1109/MCAS.2009.933854 10.1016/j.automatica.2020.109272 10.1109/TSMC.2020.3042876 10.1002/rnc.4962 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2939384 10.1109/TFUZZ.2021.3075501 10.1109/TSMC.2018.2868510 10.1109/TNNLS.2021.3053269 10.1109/TNNLS.2020.3006850 10.1109/TCYB.2021.3054626 10.1016/j.automatica.2011.03.005 10.1109/MCS.2016.2621461 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2923845 10.1109/TCYB.2020.2979614 10.1109/TSMC.2013.2295351 10.1049/cth2.12037 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3029171 10.1109/TCYB.2018.2868715 10.1016/j.neucom.2017.01.076 10.1016/j.automatica.2004.11.034 10.1016/j.automatica.2020.109035 10.1016/j.neucom.2019.06.090 10.1109/TNNLS.2016.2582849 10.1016/j.ejcon.2013.05.017 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2960064 10.1109/TNNLS.2016.2585520 10.1109/TNNLS.2017.2728622 10.1109/TAC.2020.2987313 10.1002/asjc.2243 10.3934/jimo.2020030 10.1109/TCYB.2018.2830820 10.1109/TNNLS.2014.2350835 10.1109/TNNLS.2020.3045087 10.1109/TNNLS.2013.2294968 10.1080/00207721.2019.1598512 10.1016/j.automatica.2014.05.011 10.1109/TCYB.2021.3108034 10.1016/j.jfranklin.2019.02.035 10.1016/j.jfranklin.2020.02.048 10.1109/TSMC.2018.2852810 10.1109/TCSII.2012.2213353
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2022
Copyright_xml	– notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2022
DBID	97E ESBDL RIA RIE AAYXX CITATION 7SC 7SP 7SR 8BQ 8FD JG9 JQ2 L7M L~C L~D DOA
DOI	10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3168032
DatabaseName	IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005–Present IEEE Xplore Open Access Journals IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) CrossRef Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Electronics & Communications Abstracts Engineered Materials Abstracts METADEX Technology Research Database Materials Research Database ProQuest Computer Science Collection Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef Materials Research Database Engineered Materials Abstracts Technology Research Database Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic Electronics & Communications Abstracts ProQuest Computer Science Collection Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace METADEX Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional
DatabaseTitleList	Materials Research Database
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: RIE name: IEEE Xplore url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ sourceTypes: Publisher
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Engineering
EISSN	2169-3536
EndPage	41511
ExternalDocumentID	oai_doaj_org_article_2f5c7c10009446e8bb5c6a3c3c1dd4af 10_1109_ACCESS_2022_3168032 9758721
Genre	orig-research
GrantInformation_xml	– fundername: Weifang University Doctoral Research Startup Fund grantid: 2021BS26
GroupedDBID	0R~ 4.4 5VS 6IK 97E AAJGR ABAZT ABVLG ACGFS ADBBV AGSQL ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS BCNDV BEFXN BFFAM BGNUA BKEBE BPEOZ EBS EJD ESBDL GROUPED_DOAJ IPLJI JAVBF KQ8 M43 M~E O9- OCL OK1 RIA RIE RNS AAYXX CITATION 7SC 7SP 7SR 8BQ 8FD JG9 JQ2 L7M L~C L~D
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c408t-b5b559dff17e55995e0b0ef08c7f0d63f7c29f9e5794501a5c36efa923b4b1ba3
IEDL.DBID	RIE
ISICitedReferencesCount	12
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000794154300001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	2169-3536
IngestDate	Fri Oct 03 12:53:06 EDT 2025 Sun Nov 30 04:51:03 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 06:32:03 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:23:55 EST 2025 Wed Aug 27 02:40:27 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess	true
IsOpenAccess	true
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Language	English
License	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c408t-b5b559dff17e55995e0b0ef08c7f0d63f7c29f9e5794501a5c36efa923b4b1ba3
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14
ORCID	0000-0002-2583-8446
OpenAccessLink	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9758721
PQID	2655860195
PQPubID	4845423
PageCount	9
ParticipantIDs	proquest_journals_2655860195 crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_ACCESS_2022_3168032 doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_2f5c7c10009446e8bb5c6a3c3c1dd4af ieee_primary_9758721 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2022_3168032
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	20220000 2022-00-00 20220101 2022-01-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2022-01-01
PublicationDate_xml	– year: 2022 text: 20220000
PublicationDecade	2020
PublicationPlace	Piscataway
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: Piscataway
PublicationTitle	IEEE access
PublicationTitleAbbrev	Access
PublicationYear	2022
Publisher	IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher_xml	– name: IEEE – name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
References	ref13 ref57 ref12 ref56 ref15 ref59 ref14 ref58 ref53 ref52 ref11 ref55 ref10 ref54 ref17 Werbos (ref5) 1992 ref16 ref19 ref18 ref51 ref50 ref46 Bertsekas (ref3) 2012; 2 ref45 ref48 ref47 ref42 Bertsekas (ref2) 2017; 1 ref41 ref44 ref43 Lewis (ref1) 2015 ref49 ref8 Bertsekas (ref7) 1996 ref9 ref4 ref6 ref40 ref35 ref34 ref37 ref36 ref31 ref30 ref33 ref32 ref39 ref38 ref24 ref23 ref26 ref25 ref20 ref22 ref21 ref28 ref27 ref29 ref60 ref61
References_xml	– ident: ref45 doi: 10.1016/j.neucom.2020.06.083 – ident: ref16 doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2014.02.015 – ident: ref8 doi: 10.1109/TCYB.2020.2989419 – ident: ref38 doi: 10.1109/TII.2020.3042631 – ident: ref61 doi: 10.1002/9781119132677 – ident: ref36 doi: 10.1109/TASE.2019.2948431 – ident: ref14 doi: 10.1109/TAC.2016.2548662 – ident: ref24 doi: 10.1080/00207721.2020.1797223 – ident: ref54 doi: 10.1016/j.neucom.2018.02.107 – volume-title: Optimal Control year: 2015 ident: ref1 – ident: ref10 doi: 10.1007/s11063-020-10220-z – ident: ref43 doi: 10.1109/TSMC.2021.3105663 – ident: ref59 doi: 10.1137/1.9781611973242 – ident: ref12 doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2021.109687 – ident: ref35 doi: 10.1109/TFUZZ.2020.2966418 – ident: ref58 doi: 10.1109/TNNLS.2015.2441749 – ident: ref6 doi: 10.1109/MCAS.2009.933854 – volume: 2 volume-title: Dynamic Programming and Optimal Control: Approximate Dynamic Programming year: 2012 ident: ref3 – ident: ref41 doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2020.109272 – ident: ref9 doi: 10.1109/TSMC.2020.3042876 – ident: ref22 doi: 10.1002/rnc.4962 – ident: ref51 doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2939384 – ident: ref18 doi: 10.1109/TFUZZ.2021.3075501 – ident: ref21 doi: 10.1109/TSMC.2018.2868510 – ident: ref37 doi: 10.1109/TNNLS.2021.3053269 – volume-title: Handbook of Intelligent Control: Neural, Fuzzy, and Adaptive Approaches year: 1992 ident: ref5 article-title: Approximate dynamic programming for real-time control and neural modeling – ident: ref39 doi: 10.1109/TNNLS.2020.3006850 – ident: ref27 doi: 10.1109/TCYB.2021.3054626 – ident: ref55 doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2011.03.005 – ident: ref56 doi: 10.1109/MCS.2016.2621461 – volume: 1 volume-title: Dynamic Programming and Optimal Control year: 2017 ident: ref2 – ident: ref52 doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2923845 – ident: ref44 doi: 10.1109/TCYB.2020.2979614 – ident: ref48 doi: 10.1109/TSMC.2013.2295351 – ident: ref15 doi: 10.1049/cth2.12037 – ident: ref49 doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3029171 – ident: ref29 doi: 10.1109/TCYB.2018.2868715 – ident: ref53 doi: 10.1016/j.neucom.2017.01.076 – ident: ref60 doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2004.11.034 – ident: ref34 doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2020.109035 – ident: ref28 doi: 10.1016/j.neucom.2019.06.090 – ident: ref47 doi: 10.1109/TNNLS.2016.2582849 – volume-title: Neuro-Dynamic Programming year: 1996 ident: ref7 – ident: ref26 doi: 10.1016/j.ejcon.2013.05.017 – ident: ref50 doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2960064 – ident: ref19 doi: 10.1109/TNNLS.2016.2585520 – ident: ref30 doi: 10.1109/TNNLS.2017.2728622 – ident: ref33 doi: 10.1109/TAC.2020.2987313 – ident: ref13 doi: 10.1002/asjc.2243 – ident: ref23 doi: 10.3934/jimo.2020030 – ident: ref40 doi: 10.1109/TCYB.2018.2830820 – ident: ref46 doi: 10.1109/TNNLS.2014.2350835 – ident: ref17 doi: 10.1109/TNNLS.2020.3045087 – ident: ref57 doi: 10.1109/TNNLS.2013.2294968 – ident: ref31 doi: 10.1080/00207721.2019.1598512 – ident: ref20 doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2014.05.011 – ident: ref11 doi: 10.1109/TCYB.2021.3108034 – ident: ref32 doi: 10.1016/j.jfranklin.2019.02.035 – ident: ref4 doi: 10.1016/j.jfranklin.2020.02.048 – ident: ref42 doi: 10.1109/TSMC.2018.2852810 – ident: ref25 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2012.2213353
SSID	ssj0000816957
Score	2.3105037
Snippet	This paper investigates the optimal control of continuous-time multi-controller systems with completely unknown dynamics using data-driven adaptive dynamic...
SourceID	doaj proquest crossref ieee
SourceType	Open Website Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher
StartPage	41503
SubjectTerms	Adaptive control Adaptive dynamic programming Algorithms Control systems Control theory Controllers Cost function Dynamic programming fully cooperative games Game theory Games Heuristic algorithms Iterative methods Mathematical models multi-controller systems Neural networks Nonlinear control Nonlinear systems Optimal control Performance analysis Stability analysis System dynamics System effectiveness unknown dynamics
SummonAdditionalLinks	– databaseName: Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Nb9QwELVQxQEOqFAQWwrygSOhdmLH8XG7S8Wp9EBFb5Y9tsVKbVrtptz474w_drUICS7comTixJ7xeJ41fkPIe-5FDFEODUiQjbCIWbUfWOOg87ggxhZiKTahLi6G62t9uVfqK-WEFXrgMnCnbZSggOcUONGHwTkJve2gA-69sDF5X6b0HpjKPnjgvZaq0gxxpk_niwX2CAFh235MxZpY1_62FGXG_lpi5Q-_nBeb80PyrEaJdF7-7jl5FMYX5Oked-AR-bm0k22W6-St6Nzb--S36LIUmKeXJe3qFkUphqX0Cz6-xRYXJTOd3sV8uRofEPk36RwIzUdxa-b6TVjTymVOv62m7_RqTJtv47b9zUtydf7p6-JzU2spNCDYMDVOOsQOPkauQiYZC8yxENkAKjLUSlTQ6qiDxPkpGbcSuj5Ei-GfE447270iB-PdGF4TGvrAhYoIbb0TofM6AobpoDBWEgEUm5F2O6wGKtF4qndxYzLgYNoUXZikC1N1MSMfdi_dF56Nv4ufJX3tRBNJdr6BpmOq6Zh_mc6MHCVt7xrRiJ0QEM_IyVb7pk7ojWl7KYc-na48_h-ffkOepO6UvZwTcjCtH8Jb8hh-TKvN-l225V-JKPi5 priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
Title	Data-Driven Adaptive Dynamic Programming for Optimal Control of Continuous-Time Multicontroller Systems With Unknown Dynamics
URI	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9758721 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2655860195 https://doaj.org/article/2f5c7c10009446e8bb5c6a3c3c1dd4af
Volume	10
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000794154300001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 2169-3536 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000816957 issn: 2169-3536 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20130101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 2169-3536 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000816957 issn: 2169-3536 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20130101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1Lb9QwELZKxQEOvArqllL5wLFpncSO4-N2txUXSg9U9GbF47FYqc1Wu1lu8Nvr10ZFICQukZXYlqPPj5nxzDeEfCwtd-hEW4AAUfDO66zKtqwwUFt_ILoKXEo2IS8v25sbdbVDjsdYGESMzmd4EorxLt8uYRNMZafKC7cyRI0_kbJJsVqjPSUkkFBCZmKhkqnT6Wzm_8GrgFV1EtIzsbr67fCJHP05qcofO3E8Xi5e_t_AXpEXWYyk04T7a7KD_Rvy_BG54B75Oe-GrpivwnZGp7a7DxsbnacM9PQq-WXd-arUy630i_9853ucJdd1unSxuOg3y826CIEiNMbqZtf2W1zRTHZOvy2G7_S6D9a5ftv_-i25vjj_OvtU5GQLBXDWDoURxisX1rlSYmQhQ2YYOtaCdMzD5iRUyikUfgELVnYC6gZd5-VDw01puvod2e2XPe4Tig2WXDqv-1rDsbbKgZfjQXphiiNINiHVFgUNmYk8JMS41VEjYUon6HSATmfoJuR4bHSfiDj-Xf0swDtWDSza8YXHTedFqSsnQEIZ3St5g60xApquhhpKa3nnJmQvYD12kmGekMPtZNF5xa911QjRNiH88uDvrd6TZ2GAyXxzSHaH1QY_kKfwY1isV0fRFuCfn3-dH8WJ_QBP6fdQ
linkProvider	IEEE
linkToHtml	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1Lb9QwELaqFgl6KI-CulDAB45N6yR2HB-XXaoiytJDK3qz4vFYrNRmq91sb_3v2I43AoGQuFnJ2HL0-TEzmfmGkA-55Q6dqDMQIDLeeJtV2ZplBkrrL0RXgOuLTcjZrL6-Vhdb5GjIhUHEGHyGx6EZ_-XbBayDq-xEeeVWhqzxHcF5wfpsrcGjEkpIKCETtVDO1Ml4MvFf4Y3AojgOBZpYWfx2_USW_lRW5Y-zOF4wp0__b2rPyF5SJOm4R_452cL2Bdn9hV5wnzxMm67JpstwoNGxbe7C0UanfQ16etFHZt16Ueo1V_rNv771I0764HW6cLE5b9eL9SoLqSI0Zuum4PYbXNJEd06_z7sf9KoN_rl2M_7qJbk6_XQ5OctSuYUMOKu7zAjjzQvrXC4x8pAhMwwdq0E65oFzEgrlFAq_hQXLGwFlha7xGqLhJjdN-Ypst4sWDwjFCnMunbd-reFYWuXAa_IgvTrFESQbkWKDgobERR5KYtzoaJMwpXvodIBOJ-hG5GjodNdTcfxb_GOAdxANPNrxgcdNp22pCydAQh4DLHmFtTECqqaEEnJreeNGZD9gPQySYB6Rw81i0WnPr3RRCVFXIQHz9d97vSePzy6_nuvzz7Mvb8iTMNnemXNItrvlGt-SR3DfzVfLd3Fh_wSj3vhx
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Data-Driven+Adaptive+Dynamic+Programming+for+Optimal+Control+of+Continuous-Time+Multicontroller+Systems+With+Unknown+Dynamics&rft.jtitle=IEEE+access&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Jingang&rft.date=2022&rft.issn=2169-3536&rft.eissn=2169-3536&rft.volume=10&rft.spage=41503&rft.epage=41511&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FACCESS.2022.3168032&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1109_ACCESS_2022_3168032
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2169-3536&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2169-3536&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2169-3536&client=summon