Virtual laboratories for education in science, technology, and engineering: A review

Within education, concepts such as distance learning, and open universities, are now becoming more widely used for teaching and learning. However, due to the nature of the subject domain, the teaching of Science, Technology, and Engineering are still relatively behind when using new technological ap...

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Vydáno v:Computers and education Ročník 95; s. 309 - 327
Hlavní autoři: Potkonjak, Veljko, Gardner, Michael, Callaghan, Victor, Mattila, Pasi, Guetl, Christian, Petrović, Vladimir M., Jovanović, Kosta
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Elsevier Ltd 01.04.2016
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ISSN:0360-1315, 1873-782X
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Abstract Within education, concepts such as distance learning, and open universities, are now becoming more widely used for teaching and learning. However, due to the nature of the subject domain, the teaching of Science, Technology, and Engineering are still relatively behind when using new technological approaches (particularly for online distance learning). The reason for this discrepancy lies in the fact that these fields often require laboratory exercises to provide effective skill acquisition and hands-on experience. Often it is difficult to make these laboratories accessible for online access. Either the real lab needs to be enabled for remote access or it needs to be replicated as a fully software-based virtual lab. We argue for the latter concept since it offers some advantages over remotely controlled real labs, which will be elaborated further in this paper. We are now seeing new emerging technologies that can overcome some of the potential difficulties in this area. These include: computer graphics, augmented reality, computational dynamics, and virtual worlds. This paper summarizes the state of the art in virtual laboratories and virtual worlds in the fields of science, technology, and engineering. The main research activity in these fields is discussed but special emphasis is put on the field of robotics due to the maturity of this area within the virtual-education community. This is not a coincidence; starting from its widely multidisciplinary character, robotics is a perfect example where all the other fields of engineering and physics can contribute. Thus, the use of virtual labs for other scientific and non-robotic engineering uses can be seen to share many of the same learning processes. This can include supporting the introduction of new concepts as part of learning about science and technology, and introducing more general engineering knowledge, through to supporting more constructive (and collaborative) education and training activities in a more complex engineering topic such as robotics. The objective of this paper is to outline this problem space in more detail and to create a valuable source of information that can help to define the starting position for future research. •State of the art in dynamics-based virtual laboratories.•Defining the criteria for critical evaluation of existing technologies.•State of the art in virtual worlds.•Future advances in the field of virtual-world based laboratories.
AbstractList Within education, concepts such as distance learning, and open universities, are now becoming more widely used for teaching and learning. However, due to the nature of the subject domain, the teaching of Science, Technology, and Engineering are still relatively behind when using new technological approaches (particularly for online distance learning). The reason for this discrepancy lies in the fact that these fields often require laboratory exercises to provide effective skill acquisition and hands-on experience. Often it is difficult to make these laboratories accessible for online access. Either the real lab needs to be enabled for remote access or it needs to be replicated as a fully software-based virtual lab. We argue for the latter concept since it offers some advantages over remotely controlled real labs, which will be elaborated further in this paper. We are now seeing new emerging technologies that can overcome some of the potential difficulties in this area. These include: computer graphics, augmented reality, computational dynamics, and virtual worlds. This paper summarizes the state of the art in virtual laboratories and virtual worlds in the fields of science, technology, and engineering. The main research activity in these fields is discussed but special emphasis is put on the field of robotics due to the maturity of this area within the virtual-education community. This is not a coincidence; starting from its widely multidisciplinary character, robotics is a perfect example where all the other fields of engineering and physics can contribute. Thus, the use of virtual labs for other scientific and non-robotic engineering uses can be seen to share many of the same learning processes. This can include supporting the introduction of new concepts as part of learning about science and technology, and introducing more general engineering knowledge, through to supporting more constructive (and collaborative) education and training activities in a more complex engineering topic such as robotics. The objective of this paper is to outline this problem space in more detail and to create a valuable source of information that can help to define the starting position for future research. •State of the art in dynamics-based virtual laboratories.•Defining the criteria for critical evaluation of existing technologies.•State of the art in virtual worlds.•Future advances in the field of virtual-world based laboratories.
Within education, concepts such as distance learning, and open universities, are now becoming more widely used for teaching and learning. However, due to the nature of the subject domain, the teaching of Science, Technology, and Engineering are still relatively behind when using new technological approaches (particularly for online distance learning). The reason for this discrepancy lies in the fact that these fields often require laboratory exercises to provide effective skill acquisition and hands-on experience. Often it is difficult to make these laboratories accessible for online access. Either the real lab needs to be enabled for remote access or it needs to be replicated as a fully software-based virtual lab. We argue for the latter concept since it offers some advantages over remotely controlled real labs, which will be elaborated further in this paper. We are now seeing new emerging technologies that can overcome some of the potential difficulties in this area. These include: computer graphics, augmented reality, computational dynamics, and virtual worlds. This paper summarizes the state of the art in virtual laboratories and virtual worlds in the fields of science, technology, and engineering. The main research activity in these fields is discussed but special emphasis is put on the field of robotics due to the maturity of this area within the virtual-education community. This is not a coincidence; starting from its widely multidisciplinary character, robotics is a perfect example where all the other fields of engineering and physics can contribute. Thus, the use of virtual labs for other scientific and non-robotic engineering uses can be seen to share many of the same learning processes. This can include supporting the introduction of new concepts as part of learning about science and technology, and introducing more general engineering knowledge, through to supporting more constructive (and collaborative) education and training activities in a more complex engineering topic such as robotics. The objective of this paper is to outline this problem space in more detail and to create a valuable source of information that can help to define the starting position for future research.
Author Potkonjak, Veljko
Gardner, Michael
Petrović, Vladimir M.
Jovanović, Kosta
Callaghan, Victor
Guetl, Christian
Mattila, Pasi
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Veljko
  surname: Potkonjak
  fullname: Potkonjak, Veljko
  email: potkonjak@yahoo.com
  organization: School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Michael
  surname: Gardner
  fullname: Gardner, Michael
  email: mgardner@essex.ac.uk
  organization: School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Victor
  surname: Callaghan
  fullname: Callaghan, Victor
  email: vic@essex.ac.uk
  organization: School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Pasi
  surname: Mattila
  fullname: Mattila, Pasi
  email: pasi.mattila@cie.fi
  organization: Center for Internet Excellence, University of Oulu, Finland
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Christian
  surname: Guetl
  fullname: Guetl, Christian
  email: cguetl@iicm.edu
  organization: Graz University of Technology, Austria
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Vladimir M.
  surname: Petrović
  fullname: Petrović, Vladimir M.
  email: vpetrovic@etf.bg.ac.rs
  organization: School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Kosta
  orcidid: 0000-0002-9029-4465
  surname: Jovanović
  fullname: Jovanović, Kosta
  email: kostaj@etf.bg.ac.rs
  organization: School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Virtual world
Dynamics based virtual reality
Distance learning for engineering/STEM education
Immersive education
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SubjectTerms Accessibility
Distance education
Distance learning
Distance learning for engineering/STEM education
Dynamics based virtual reality
Education
Immersive education
Laboratories
Learning
Robotics
Teaching
Virtual laboratory
Virtual world
Title Virtual laboratories for education in science, technology, and engineering: A review
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Volume 95
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