Process evaluation of integrated West Nile virus surveillance in northern Italy: an example of a One Health approach in public health policy

•West Nile virus (WNV) infection in humans and animal hosts is spreading in Europe.•WNV surveillance benefits from interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral collaboration.•Cross-sectoral surveillance systems can be evaluated using process evaluation.•Process evaluation is key for design and improvement of c...

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Vydáno v:Evaluation and program planning Ročník 89; s. 101991
Hlavní autoři: Marchino, Monica, Paternoster, Giulia, Favretto, Anna Rosa, Balduzzi, Giacomo, Berezowski, John, Tomassone, Laura
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: England Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2021
Elsevier Science Ltd
Témata:
Animal human relations
Animals
Collaboration
Communities of Practice
Data
Environmental health
Epidemiology
Evaluation
Fidelity
Focus groups
Formative Evaluation
Health authorities
Health care policy
Health Policy
Health surveillance
Humans
Information dissemination
Interdisciplinary aspects
Interdisciplinary research
Italy - epidemiology
One Health
Population Surveillance
Process evaluation
Program Evaluation
Public health
Regional health authorities
Regions
Research Methodology
Surveillance
Surveillance system evaluation
Surveillance systems
Vector-borne diseases
Viruses
West Nile Fever - epidemiology
West Nile Fever - prevention & control
West Nile Virus
Italy
Surveillance system evaluation
West Nile Virus
Surveillance
Process evaluation
One Health
ISSN:0149-7189, 1873-7870, 1873-7870
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Shrnutí:•West Nile virus (WNV) infection in humans and animal hosts is spreading in Europe.•WNV surveillance benefits from interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral collaboration.•Cross-sectoral surveillance systems can be evaluated using process evaluation.•Process evaluation is key for design and improvement of cross-sectorial surveillance. West Nile virus (WNV) is endemic in the Po valley area in northern Italy. Regional health authorities have implemented integrated WNV surveillance following a One Health approach, based on collaboration between human, animal and environmental health institutions. We evaluated this integrated WNV surveillance system in Emilia-Romagna, Lombardy and Piedmont regions by means of a process evaluation. We examined the system’s implementation fidelity, dose delivered and received, reach, and we identified strengths and weaknesses in the system. Qualitative and semi-quantitative data were obtained from three regional focus groups. Data were discussed in a follow up focus group, where participants suggested recommendations for improving the surveillance system. Inter-institutional and interdisciplinary integration and the creation of a 'community of practice' were identified as key elements for effective surveillance. We identified differences in the degree of interdisciplinary integration in the three regions, likely due to different epidemiological situations and years of experience in surveillance implementation. Greater collaboration and sharing of information, public engagement and economic assessments of the integrated surveillance approach would facilitate its social recognition and guarantee its sustainability through dedicated funding. We demonstrate that a transdisciplinary research approach based on process evaluation has value for designing and fine-tuning integrated health surveillance systems.
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ISSN:0149-7189
1873-7870
1873-7870
DOI:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2021.101991