Abnormal protein and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in the prefrontal cortex of depressed individuals who died by suicide

Depression and stress are major risk factors for suicidal behaviour, and some studies show abnormalities of proinflammatory cytokines in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of depressed and suicidal patients. However, it is not clear if similar abnormalities of cytokines are present in the brain...

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Published in:Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience Vol. 43; no. 6; pp. 376 - 385
Main Authors: Pandey, Ghanshyam N., Rizavi, Hooriyah S., Zhang, Hui, Bhaumik, Runa, Ren, Xinguo
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Canada Canadian Medical Association 01.11.2018
Cooperative Education Association
Subjects:
Adults
Antidepressants
Cerebrospinal fluid
Cytokines
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Gene expression
Hypotheses
Inflammation
Interleukin 1
Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist
Interleukin 10
Interleukin 13
Interleukin 6
Interleukin 8
Lymphotoxin
Mental depression
Neurobiology
Polymerase chain reaction
Prefrontal cortex
Risk factors
Rodents
Statistical analysis
Stress
Suicide
Suicides & suicide attempts
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Tumor necrosis factor-α
Tumors
United States > US
ISSN:1180-4882, 1488-2434, 1488-2434
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Depression and stress are major risk factors for suicidal behaviour, and some studies show abnormalities of proinflammatory cytokines in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of depressed and suicidal patients. However, it is not clear if similar abnormalities of cytokines are present in the brain of suicidal and depressed patients. We therefore determined the mRNA (using real-time polymerase chain reaction) and protein (using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western Blot) expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, lymphotoxin A, lymphotoxin B, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-13 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) obtained from 24 depressed individuals who died by suicide and 24 nonpsychiatric controls. We observed that the mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and lymphotoxin A were significantly increased, and levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) were significantly decreased in the PFC of depressed individuals who died by suicide compared with controls. There were no significant differences in the protein and mRNA levels of IL-8 and IL-13 in the PFC. The main limitation of this study is that some of the suicide group had been taking antidepressant medication at the time of death. Our results suggest that alterations of cytokines may be associated with the pathophysiology of depressed suicide and there may be an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in people who die by suicide. The causes of these increases in the brain of people who die by suicide, therefore, need to be investigated further.
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ISSN:1180-4882
1488-2434
1488-2434
DOI:10.1503/jpn.170192