Contraception across the transmasculine spectrum

The field of transgender health continues to expand rapidly, including research in the area of family planning. While much attention has been given to fertility preservation and the parenting intentions of transgender individuals, far less has been paid to pregnancy prevention and contraceptive need...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	American journal of obstetrics and gynecology Vol. 222; no. 2; pp. 134 - 143
Main Authors:	Krempasky, Chance, Harris, Miles, Abern, Lauren, Grimstad, Frances
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Elsevier Inc 01.02.2020
Subjects:	and questioning (or queer) Androgens - therapeutic use bisexual contraception Contraception - methods Contraceptive Agents, Hormonal Contraceptive Devices family planning Female female to male gay gender affirming Gender Dysphoria gender nonbinary Humans Intrauterine Devices, Copper lesbian Male Medical History Taking Pregnancy Pregnancy, Unplanned Sex Reassignment Procedures sexual health Sterilization, Reproductive Terminology as Topic Testosterone - therapeutic use transgender men Transgender Persons transmasculine vulnerable populations gender affirming sexual health transmasculine bisexual gender nonbinary transgender men contraception female to male family planning lesbian and questioning (or queer) vulnerable populations gay transgender
ISSN:	0002-9378, 1097-6868, 1097-6868
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Abstract	The field of transgender health continues to expand rapidly, including research in the area of family planning. While much attention has been given to fertility preservation and the parenting intentions of transgender individuals, far less has been paid to pregnancy prevention and contraceptive needs of people along the transmasculine gender spectrum (transgender men and gender-nonbinary persons who were assigned female at birth). Existing research illustrates that many clinicians and transmasculine individuals falsely believe that there is no risk of pregnancy while amenorrheic. These studies also show inconsistent counseling practices provided to transmasculine persons surrounding contraception and pregnancy while falling short of providing robust clinical guidance for improvement. Clinicians report a lack of adequate training in transgender reproductive health, and consequently, many do not feel comfortable treating transgender patients. The aim of this publication is to consolidate the findings of these prior studies and build upon them to offer comprehensive clinical guidance for managing contraception in transmasculine patients. To do so, it reviews the physiologic effects of testosterone on the sex steroid axis and current understanding of why ovulation and pregnancy may still occur while amenorrheic. Gender-inclusive terminology and a suggested script for eliciting a gender-affirming sexual history are offered. Common concerns (such as the effects on gender dysphoria and gender affirmation) and side effects of available contraceptive methods are subsequently addressed and how these may have a unique impact on transmasculine persons as compared with cisgender women. Lastly, a model is provided for approaching contraceptive counseling in the transmasculine population to assist clinicians and patients in determining the need for and selection of the type of contraception. To center transmasculine voices, the development of this publication’s guidelines have been led by reproductive care clinicians of transgender experience.
AbstractList	The field of transgender health continues to expand rapidly, including research in the area of family planning. While much attention has been given to fertility preservation and the parenting intentions of transgender individuals, far less has been paid to pregnancy prevention and contraceptive needs of people along the transmasculine gender spectrum (transgender men and gender-nonbinary persons who were assigned female at birth). Existing research illustrates that many clinicians and transmasculine individuals falsely believe that there is no risk of pregnancy while amenorrheic. These studies also show inconsistent counseling practices provided to transmasculine persons surrounding contraception and pregnancy while falling short of providing robust clinical guidance for improvement. Clinicians report a lack of adequate training in transgender reproductive health, and consequently, many do not feel comfortable treating transgender patients. The aim of this publication is to consolidate the findings of these prior studies and build upon them to offer comprehensive clinical guidance for managing contraception in transmasculine patients. To do so, it reviews the physiologic effects of testosterone on the sex steroid axis and current understanding of why ovulation and pregnancy may still occur while amenorrheic. Gender-inclusive terminology and a suggested script for eliciting a gender-affirming sexual history are offered. Common concerns (such as the effects on gender dysphoria and gender affirmation) and side effects of available contraceptive methods are subsequently addressed and how these may have a unique impact on transmasculine persons as compared with cisgender women. Lastly, a model is provided for approaching contraceptive counseling in the transmasculine population to assist clinicians and patients in determining the need for and selection of the type of contraception. To center transmasculine voices, the development of this publication's guidelines have been led by reproductive care clinicians of transgender experience.The field of transgender health continues to expand rapidly, including research in the area of family planning. While much attention has been given to fertility preservation and the parenting intentions of transgender individuals, far less has been paid to pregnancy prevention and contraceptive needs of people along the transmasculine gender spectrum (transgender men and gender-nonbinary persons who were assigned female at birth). Existing research illustrates that many clinicians and transmasculine individuals falsely believe that there is no risk of pregnancy while amenorrheic. These studies also show inconsistent counseling practices provided to transmasculine persons surrounding contraception and pregnancy while falling short of providing robust clinical guidance for improvement. Clinicians report a lack of adequate training in transgender reproductive health, and consequently, many do not feel comfortable treating transgender patients. The aim of this publication is to consolidate the findings of these prior studies and build upon them to offer comprehensive clinical guidance for managing contraception in transmasculine patients. To do so, it reviews the physiologic effects of testosterone on the sex steroid axis and current understanding of why ovulation and pregnancy may still occur while amenorrheic. Gender-inclusive terminology and a suggested script for eliciting a gender-affirming sexual history are offered. Common concerns (such as the effects on gender dysphoria and gender affirmation) and side effects of available contraceptive methods are subsequently addressed and how these may have a unique impact on transmasculine persons as compared with cisgender women. Lastly, a model is provided for approaching contraceptive counseling in the transmasculine population to assist clinicians and patients in determining the need for and selection of the type of contraception. To center transmasculine voices, the development of this publication's guidelines have been led by reproductive care clinicians of transgender experience. The field of transgender health continues to expand rapidly, including research in the area of family planning. While much attention has been given to fertility preservation and the parenting intentions of transgender individuals, far less has been paid to pregnancy prevention and contraceptive needs of people along the transmasculine gender spectrum (transgender men and gender-nonbinary persons who were assigned female at birth). Existing research illustrates that many clinicians and transmasculine individuals falsely believe that there is no risk of pregnancy while amenorrheic. These studies also show inconsistent counseling practices provided to transmasculine persons surrounding contraception and pregnancy while falling short of providing robust clinical guidance for improvement. Clinicians report a lack of adequate training in transgender reproductive health, and consequently, many do not feel comfortable treating transgender patients. The aim of this publication is to consolidate the findings of these prior studies and build upon them to offer comprehensive clinical guidance for managing contraception in transmasculine patients. To do so, it reviews the physiologic effects of testosterone on the sex steroid axis and current understanding of why ovulation and pregnancy may still occur while amenorrheic. Gender-inclusive terminology and a suggested script for eliciting a gender-affirming sexual history are offered. Common concerns (such as the effects on gender dysphoria and gender affirmation) and side effects of available contraceptive methods are subsequently addressed and how these may have a unique impact on transmasculine persons as compared with cisgender women. Lastly, a model is provided for approaching contraceptive counseling in the transmasculine population to assist clinicians and patients in determining the need for and selection of the type of contraception. To center transmasculine voices, the development of this publication's guidelines have been led by reproductive care clinicians of transgender experience.
Author	Krempasky, Chance Grimstad, Frances Abern, Lauren Harris, Miles
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Chance surname: Krempasky fullname: Krempasky, Chance organization: Callen-Lorde Community Health Center, New York, NY – sequence: 2 givenname: Miles surname: Harris fullname: Harris, Miles organization: One Community Health, Sacramento, CA – sequence: 3 givenname: Lauren surname: Abern fullname: Abern, Lauren organization: Care Resource, Miami, FL – sequence: 4 givenname: Frances orcidid: 0000-0002-2442-724X surname: Grimstad fullname: Grimstad, Frances email: frances.grimstad@childrens.harvard.edu organization: Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31394072$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark	eNqFkbtOwzAUhi1URC_wAgwoI0uCL0mcIBZUcZMqscBsufYJOOSGnSD17XFou3Qok3Ws_zvy_3mOJk3bAEKXBEcEk_SmjGTZfkQUkzzCPMIxO0EzgnMeplmaTdAMY0zDnPFsiubOleNIc3qGpoywPMaczhBetk1vpYKuN20TSGVb54L-EwJ_27haOjVUpoHAdaB6O9Tn6LSQlYOL3blA748Pb8vncPX69LK8X4XKL-7DghHJdJpRoJxKohVkeQKcQiyl1HjNdcFlrKl_vNJJwiGVOQcSK73O_MzYAl1v93a2_R7A9aI2TkFVyQbawQlKue_Dkjj20atddFjXoEVnTS3tRuxb-kC2Dfy1s1AIZXo5FvYlTSUIFqNQUYpRqBiFCsyFF-pReoDutx-F7rYQeEE_BqxwykCjQBvrLQrdmuP47QGu_BcYJasv2PwH_wKyAaJX
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_4274_jcrpe_galenos_2021_2020_0283 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nwh_2021_01_006 crossref_primary_10_1210_endocr_bqad145 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejogrb_2021_03_030 crossref_primary_10_1097_og9_0000000000000003 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41443_021_00412_z crossref_primary_10_1097_GRF_0000000000000549 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajog_2020_06_036 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13669_022_00333_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajog_2020_06_035 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajog_2019_12_015 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajog_2019_12_014 crossref_primary_10_1097_AOG_0000000000003816 crossref_primary_10_1080_15532739_2020_1819507 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajog_2024_02_006 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_whi_2021_11_005 crossref_primary_10_1111_pde_15114 crossref_primary_10_1097_MOP_0000000000001008 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_gofs_2022_09_003 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_gofs_2022_09_006 crossref_primary_10_1097_01_JAA_0000750996_25261_ce crossref_primary_10_1111_psrh_70018 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ogc_2023_10_001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jadohealth_2025_01_024 crossref_primary_10_1080_26410397_2021_1886395 crossref_primary_10_1080_26895269_2022_2035883 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13669_020_00298_6 crossref_primary_10_5858_arpa_2021_0199_OA crossref_primary_10_1007_s13669_024_00384_z crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpag_2025_05_006 crossref_primary_10_1089_trgh_2022_0207 crossref_primary_10_1097_OLQ_0000000000001616 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_det_2022_10_001 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12909_022_03766_0 crossref_primary_10_1363_psrh_12128 crossref_primary_10_1071_SH21103 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpag_2020_06_001 crossref_primary_10_1097_JPN_0000000000000560 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bodyim_2024_101762 crossref_primary_10_1089_gyn_2021_0035 crossref_primary_10_1111_andr_13525 crossref_primary_10_2196_38491 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpag_2021_03_009 crossref_primary_10_1055_s_0042_1751063 crossref_primary_10_1097_GRF_0000000000000953 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajog_2020_09_035 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_contraception_2023_109958 crossref_primary_10_1002_ijgo_16158 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40267_022_00949_z crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaad_2021_03_113 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_gofs_2024_06_004 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajog_2024_06_004 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_shpsa_2021_11_010 crossref_primary_10_3928_19382359_20250707_01 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpag_2021_03_014 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpag_2022_09_004 crossref_primary_10_1080_23293691_2023_2186812 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_contraception_2021_11_001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fertnstert_2022_04_012 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13669_024_00387_w crossref_primary_10_1542_pir_2024_006469 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12909_023_04499_4 crossref_primary_10_1363_psrh_12226 crossref_primary_10_1210_clinem_dgab634 crossref_primary_10_1002_hpja_806 crossref_primary_10_3928_19382359_20250321_04 crossref_primary_10_1097_PEC_0000000000003194 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_japh_2023_08_004 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_contraception_2024_110719 crossref_primary_10_1177_26334941231158251 crossref_primary_10_1097_COH_0000000000000630 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jadohealth_2020_03_003 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_contraception_2024_110784 crossref_primary_10_2147_AHMT_S344078 crossref_primary_10_5897_IJNM2023_0530 crossref_primary_10_1097_AOG_0000000000005911 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_anplas_2023_06_005 crossref_primary_10_1007_s41974_024_00335_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ogc_2024_08_011 crossref_primary_10_1097_01_NPR_0000819612_24729_c7 crossref_primary_10_1080_13691058_2024_2394650 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13669_023_00362_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_contraception_2024_110708 crossref_primary_10_2147_OAJC_S368621 crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_2905539 crossref_primary_10_1097_JPN_0000000000000809 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11930_023_00355_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ogc_2024_12_004 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40257_021_00665_w crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_91315 crossref_primary_10_1111_jmwh_13310 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_whi_2022_08_002 crossref_primary_10_1080_26895269_2020_1841058 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pop_2021_02_010 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ogc_2024_02_010 crossref_primary_10_1002_jac5_1621 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jadohealth_2021_08_015 crossref_primary_10_1089_trgh_2020_0047 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpag_2024_07_007 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13669_024_00396_9 crossref_primary_10_1080_13625187_2021_2000960 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamadermatol_2023_5355 crossref_primary_10_1080_00918369_2020_1819713 crossref_primary_10_1080_26895269_2022_2100644 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpag_2021_04_004 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecns_2022_03_002 crossref_primary_10_1002_nur_22274
Cites_doi	10.1016/0002-9378(72)90098-1 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.09.005 10.1016/j.whi.2018.03.002 10.1097/01.AOG.0000471179.25809.d8 10.1080/13625180801959931 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.01.036 10.1097/01.AOG.0000533319.47797.7e 10.1136/bmj.318.7176.96 10.1016/j.contraception.2007.01.016 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.05.012 10.1300/J013v38n03_05 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31823ed1c1 10.7326/L18-0564 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90569-S 10.1016/j.contraception.2004.11.007 10.1186/s12884-017-1491-5 10.2147/IJWH.S46680 10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70182-1 10.1016/0010-7824(95)00163-5 10.4158/EP-2017-0203 10.1080/13691058.2016.1182645 10.1089/trgh.2015.0011 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)39669-8 10.5406/radicalteacher.92.0057 10.1016/j.contraception.2018.06.006 10.1016/j.nurpra.2015.01.024 10.1097/MED.0000000000000202 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000540 10.4158/EP15748.DSC 10.1007/s11606-010-1610-8 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.01.173 10.1089/trgh.2017.0012 10.1002/ajh.24593 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001088 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.11.306 10.1093/humrep/det437 10.1080/15532739.2010.509215 10.1007/s11199-011-0038-x 10.1210/jcem-69-1-151 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03563.x 10.1089/jwh.2014.4918 10.1016/S0010-7824(98)00123-1 10.1111/jmwh.12213 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.07.145 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.12.021 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115592 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.02.011 10.1210/jcem-51-6-1335 10.1097/01.AOG.0000428646.67925.9a 10.15585/mmwr.rr6503a1 10.1016/j.jpag.2018.02.130 10.1210/jc.2002-021967 10.1093/humupd/dmr042 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.023 10.1080/13691058.2015.1042919 10.1056/NEJMsa1506575 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002023 10.1056/NEJMp1702427 10.1016/S0010-7824(01)00302-X 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.09.018
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	2019 Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright_xml	– notice: 2019 Elsevier Inc. – notice: Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
DBID	AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8
DOI	10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043
DatabaseName	CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList	MEDLINE - Academic MEDLINE
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Medicine
EISSN	1097-6868
EndPage	143
ExternalDocumentID	31394072 10_1016_j_ajog_2019_07_043 S000293781930955X
Genre	Journal Article Review
GroupedDBID	--- --K --M -ET .1- .55 .FO .GJ .XZ .~1 0R~ 1B1 1CY 1P~ 1~. 1~5 23M 2KS 354 3O- 4.4 457 4CK 4G. 53G 5GY 5RE 5VS 6J9 7-5 85S 8F7 8P~ AAEDT AAEDW AAIKC AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAMNW AAOAW AAQFI AAQQT AAQXK AATTM AAWTL AAXKI AAXUO AAYJJ AAYWO ABBQC ABCQX ABDPE ABFNM ABFRF ABJNI ABMAC ABMZM ABOCM ABPMR ABWVN ABXDB ACDAQ ACGFO ACGFS ACIEU ACLOT ACRLP ACRPL ACVFH ADBBV ADCNI ADEZE ADMUD ADNMO ADVLN AEBSH AEFWE AEIPS AEKER AENEX AEUPX AEVXI AFCHL AFFNX AFJKZ AFPUW AFRHN AFTJW AFXIZ AGHFR AGNAY AGQPQ AGUBO AGYEJ AHDLI AI. AIEXJ AIGII AIIUN AIKHN AITUG AJRQY AJUYK AKBMS AKRWK AKYEP ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMRAJ ANKPU ANZVX APXCP ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BKOJK BLXMC BNPGV C45 C5W CAG COF CS3 EBS EFJIC EFKBS EFLBG EJD EO8 EX3 F5P FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-Q GBLVA HVGLF HZ~ IH2 IHE J1W K-O KOM LPU M41 MO0 N4W N9A NEJ NQ- O-L O9- OAUVE OBH OCB OGEVE OHH OHT OMK OQ. OVD P-8 P-9 P2P PC. PH~ Q38 R2- ROL RPZ RXW SDF SEL SES SEW SJN SPCBC SSH SSZ T5K TAE TEORI TWZ UDS UGJ UHB UHS UHU UKR UNMZH UV1 VH1 VVN WH7 WOQ WOW X6Y X7M XFW YFH YOC YYQ YZZ Z5R ZGI ZXP ZY1 ~G- ~H1 ~HD AACTN AAIAV ABLVK ABYKQ ADOJD AFCTW AFDAS AFKWA AHPSJ AJBFU AJOXV AMFUW G8K LCYCR NCXOZ RIG ZA5 AAYXX CITATION XRW AGCQF AGRNS CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c407t-f31a3d682e272a1dce895e72e4aaad0b7df7a4d2201cd557e6a97e14cdb8d5533
ISICitedReferencesCount	120
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000509495500005&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	0002-9378 1097-6868
IngestDate	Mon Sep 29 05:03:07 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 05:43:08 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:36:13 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 07:31:08 EST 2025 Fri Feb 23 02:47:12 EST 2024 Tue Oct 14 19:36:04 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	2
Keywords	gender affirming sexual health transmasculine bisexual gender nonbinary transgender men contraception female to male family planning lesbian and questioning (or queer) vulnerable populations gay transgender
Language	English
License	Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
LinkModel	OpenURL
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c407t-f31a3d682e272a1dce895e72e4aaad0b7df7a4d2201cd557e6a97e14cdb8d5533
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ORCID	0000-0002-2442-724X
PMID	31394072
PQID	2270003544
PQPubID	23479
PageCount	10
ParticipantIDs	proquest_miscellaneous_2270003544 pubmed_primary_31394072 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_ajog_2019_07_043 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajog_2019_07_043 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_ajog_2019_07_043 elsevier_clinicalkey_doi_10_1016_j_ajog_2019_07_043
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	February 2020 2020-02-00 20200201
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2020-02-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 02 year: 2020 text: February 2020
PublicationDecade	2020
PublicationPlace	United States
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: United States
PublicationTitle	American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
PublicationTitleAlternate	Am J Obstet Gynecol
PublicationYear	2020
Publisher	Elsevier Inc
Publisher_xml	– name: Elsevier Inc
References	Escobar-Morreale, Carmina, Dewailly (bib17) 2012; 18 (bib76) 2011 Dehlendorf, Henderson, Vittinghoff (bib84) 2016; 215 Hillard (bib46) 2014; 6 Botzer, Rachlin (bib31) (bib73) 1997; 56 Chrisler, Gorman, Manion (bib42) 2016; 18 Hoffkling, Obedin-Maliver, Sevelius (bib64) 2017; 17 Wimberly, Hogben, Moore-Ruffin, Moore, Fry-Johnson (bib32) 2006; 98 bib33 Hatcher (bib80) 2017 Gomez, Walters, Dao (bib5) 2016; 94 Goodman, Cobin, Futterweit (bib16) 2015; 21 Mishell, Thorneycroft, Nakamura, Nagata, Stone (bib39) 1972; 114 Affandi (bib48) 1998; 58 Cipres, Seidman, Cloniger, Nova, O’Shea, Obedin-Maliver (bib54) 2017; 95 Curtis (bib30) 2016; 65 Fritz, Speroff (bib50) 2012 (bib70) 2016 Hatcher, Schnare (bib77) 1993; 14 West, Vähäsarja, Bloigu (bib18) 2014; 29 Fisk (bib35) 1974; 120 Wu, Pickle (bib66) 2014; 89 (bib10) 2014 Reisner, Radix, Deutsch (bib13) 2016; 72 McNicholas, Swor, Wan, Peipert (bib75) 2017; 216 Trussell, Raymond, Hu (bib83) 2014; 6 Stampfer, Willett, Colditz, Speizer, Hennekens (bib27) 1990; 163 Abern, Maguire (bib3) 2018; 131 Moore, Wisniewski, Dobs (bib82) 2003; 88 Mansour, Korver, Marintcheva-Petrova, Fraser (bib44) 2008; 13 Funk, Miller, Mishell (bib49) 2005; 71 (bib47) 2012 von Doussa, Power, Riggs (bib63) 2015; 17 (bib58) 2013; 121 Finer, Zolna (bib4) 2016; 374 Spinder, Spijkstra, van den Tweel (bib21) 1989; 69 Sivin (bib72) 2007; 75 (bib1) 2015 Milsom, Andersson, Jonasson, Lindstedt, Rybo (bib74) 1995; 52 Van Caenegem, TʼSjoen (bib22) 2015; 22 Raphaelidis (bib68) 2015; 11 Unger (bib8) 2015; 24 Shatzel, Connelly, DeLoughery (bib24) 2017; 92 bib51 Adams, Pearce, Veale (bib14) 2017; 2 Johnston-Robledo, Ball, Lauta, Zekoll (bib41) 2003; 38 Knudson, De Cuypere, Bockting (bib36) 2010; 12 Grimstad, Satterwhite, Wieneke (bib9) 2016; 1 bib12 Becker, Bilezikian, Bremner, Hung (bib15) 1990 bib52 bib53 Alaqzam, Stanley, Simpson, Flood, Menon (bib43) 2018; 31 Rosenberg, Palmer, Lesko, Shapiro (bib26) 1990; 131 Light, Wang, Zeymo, Gomez-Lobo (bib7) 2018; 98 Baker (bib65) 2017; 376 Casteràs, De Silva, Rumsby, Conway (bib19) 2009; 70 (bib67) 2008 Chan, Jolly, Liang, Weinand, Safer (bib59) 2018; 24 Bates, Carroll, Potter (bib37) 2011; 26 Repta, Clarke (bib40) 2013; 68 Snyder, Lawrence (bib81) 1980; 51 (bib69) 2018 (bib71) 2000 bib60 Spade (bib79) 2012; 92 James, Herman, Keisling, Mottet, Anafi (bib11) 2016 Hillard (bib38) 2013; 52 (bib56) 2011; 118 (bib57) 2015; 126 (bib55) 2017; 129 Light, Obedin-Maliver, Sevelius, Kerns (bib2) 2014; 124 Beral, Hermon, Kay, Hannaford, Darby, Reeves (bib28) 1999; 318 Schwingl, Ory, Visness (bib29) 1999; 180 Grimstad, Fowler, New (bib23) 2019; 220 Schwallie, Assenzo (bib78) 1973; 24 Ellis, Wojnar, Pettinato (bib62) 2015; 60 Stroumsa, Wu (bib34) 2018; 219 Goodman, Getahun, Silverberg, Safer, Tangpricha (bib25) 2019; 170 Chen, Matson, Macapagal (bib6) 2018; 63 Haraldsen, Haug, Falch, Egeland, Opjordsmoen (bib20) 2007; 52 Hidalgo, Bahamondes, Perrotti, Diaz, Dantas-Monteiro, Petta (bib45) 2002; 65 Wingo, Ingraham, Roberts (bib61) 2018; 28 (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib56) 2011; 118 Chen (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib6) 2018; 63 Wu (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib66) 2014; 89 Light (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib7) 2018; 98 Adams (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib14) 2017; 2 Repta (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib40) 2013; 68 (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib70) 2016 Chan (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib59) 2018; 24 Affandi (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib48) 1998; 58 Stroumsa (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib34) 2018; 219 (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib10) 2014 Van Caenegem (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib22) 2015; 22 (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib57) 2015; 126 Becker (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib15) 1990 Reisner (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib13) 2016; 72 West (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib18) 2014; 29 Curtis (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib30) 2016; 65 (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib67) 2008 Cipres (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib54) 2017; 95 von Doussa (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib63) 2015; 17 Goodman (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib16) 2015; 21 (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib1) 2015 James (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib11) 2016 Knudson (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib36) 2010; 12 Milsom (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib74) 1995; 52 Spade (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib79) 2012; 92 Stampfer (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib27) 1990; 163 Sivin (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib72) 2007; 75 (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib76) 2011 Moore (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib82) 2003; 88 Hatcher (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib77) 1993; 14 Raphaelidis (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib68) 2015; 11 (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib73) 1997; 56 Botzer (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib31) Beral (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib28) 1999; 318 Hoffkling (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib64) 2017; 17 Hillard (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib46) 2014; 6 (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib55) 2017; 129 Schwallie (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib78) 1973; 24 Hidalgo (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib45) 2002; 65 Schwingl (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib29) 1999; 180 Unger (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib8) 2015; 24 Chrisler (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib42) 2016; 18 Trussell (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib83) 2014; 6 Finer (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib4) 2016; 374 Grimstad (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib9) 2016; 1 McNicholas (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib75) 2017; 216 (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib47) 2012 Haraldsen (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib20) 2007; 52 Fisk (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib35) 1974; 120 Light (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib2) 2014; 124 Mansour (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib44) 2008; 13 Abern (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib3) 2018; 131 Grimstad (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib23) 2019; 220 (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib58) 2013; 121 (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib69) 2018 Rosenberg (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib26) 1990; 131 (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib71) 2000 Spinder (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib21) 1989; 69 Johnston-Robledo (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib41) 2003; 38 Hatcher (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib80) 2017 Escobar-Morreale (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib17) 2012; 18 Bates (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib37) 2011; 26 Casteràs (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib19) 2009; 70 Snyder (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib81) 1980; 51 Wimberly (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib32) 2006; 98 Dehlendorf (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib84) 2016; 215 Fritz (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib50) 2012 Funk (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib49) 2005; 71 Shatzel (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib24) 2017; 92 Mishell (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib39) 1972; 114 Ellis (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib62) 2015; 60 Baker (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib65) 2017; 376 Hillard (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib38) 2013; 52 Alaqzam (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib43) 2018; 31 Wingo (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib61) 2018; 28 Gomez (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib5) 2016; 94 Goodman (10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib25) 2019; 170 31870735 - Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Apr;222(4):394 31870734 - Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Apr;222(4):393-394
References_xml	– volume: 56 start-page: 341 year: 1997 end-page: 352 ident: bib73 article-title: Long-term reversible contraception: twelve years of experience with the TCu380A and TCu220C publication-title: Contraception – ident: bib60 article-title: Guidelines for the primary and gender-affirming care of transgender and gender nonbinary people: pelvic pain and persistent menses in transgender men – year: 2012 ident: bib50 article-title: Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility – ident: bib53 article-title: Etonogestrel implant. Lexi-Drugs. LexiComp – ident: bib12 article-title: Testosterone – volume: 374 start-page: 843 year: 2016 end-page: 852 ident: bib4 article-title: Declines in unintended pregnancy in the United States, 2008–2011 publication-title: N Engl J Med – volume: 18 start-page: 1238 year: 2016 end-page: 1250 ident: bib42 article-title: Queer periods: attitudes toward and experiences with menstruation in the masculine of centre and transgender community publication-title: Cult Health Sex – volume: 216 start-page: 586.e1 year: 2017 end-page: 586.e6 ident: bib75 article-title: Prolonged use of the etonogestrel implant and levonorgestrel intrauterine device—two years beyond FDA-approved duration publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol – volume: 24 start-page: 114 year: 2015 end-page: 118 ident: bib8 article-title: Care of the transgender patient: a survey of gynecologists’ current knowledge and practice publication-title: J Womens Health (Larchmt) – volume: 131 start-page: 1009 year: 1990 end-page: 1016 ident: bib26 article-title: Oral contraceptive use and the risk of myocardial infarction publication-title: Am J Epidemiol – volume: 92 start-page: 204 year: 2017 end-page: 208 ident: bib24 article-title: Thrombotic issues in transgender medicine: a review publication-title: Am J Hematol – volume: 21 start-page: 1291 year: 2015 end-page: 1300 ident: bib16 article-title: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Endocrinology, and Androgen Excess and PCOS Society Disease State Clinical Review: guide to the best practices in the evaluation and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: part 1 publication-title: Endocr Pract – year: 1990 ident: bib15 article-title: Principles and practice of endocrinology and metabolism – year: 2016 ident: bib11 article-title: The report of the 2015 US Transgender Survey – volume: 121 start-page: 891 year: 2013 end-page: 896 ident: bib58 article-title: Management of acute abnormal uterine bleeding in nonpregnant reproductive-aged women. ACOG Committee opinion no. 557 publication-title: Obstet Gynecol – volume: 6 year: 2014 ident: bib83 article-title: Emergency contraception: a last chance to prevent unintended pregnancy publication-title: Contemp Read Law Social Justi – volume: 58 start-page: 99S year: 1998 end-page: 107S ident: bib48 article-title: An integrated analysis of vaginal bleeding patterns in clinical trials of Implanon publication-title: Contraception – volume: 52 start-page: 334 year: 2007 end-page: 343 ident: bib20 article-title: Cross-sex pattern of bone mineral density in early onset gender identity disorder publication-title: Horm Behav – volume: 75 start-page: S70 year: 2007 end-page: S75 ident: bib72 article-title: Utility and drawbacks of continuous use of a copper T IUD for 20 years publication-title: Contraception – volume: 68 start-page: 91 year: 2013 end-page: 106 ident: bib40 article-title: “Am I going to be natural or am i not?”: Canadian women’s perceptions and experiences of menstrual suppression publication-title: Sex Roles – volume: 318 start-page: 96 year: 1999 end-page: 100 ident: bib28 article-title: Mortality associated with oral contraceptive use: 25 year follow up of cohort of 46,000 women from the Royal College of General Practitioners’ oral contraception study publication-title: BMJ – year: 2014 ident: bib10 article-title: When health care isn’t caring: Lambda Legal’s survey of discrimination against LGBT people and people with HIV – ident: bib51 article-title: Medroxyprogesterone acetate. Lexi-Drugs. LexiComp – ident: bib31 article-title: Standards of care for the health of transsexual, transgender, and gender-nonconforming people, version 7. International Journal of Transgenderism – volume: 118 start-page: 1454 year: 2011 end-page: 1458 ident: bib56 article-title: Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women. Health care for transgender individuals. ACOG Committee opinion no. 512 publication-title: Obstet Gynecol – volume: 52 start-page: 175 year: 1995 end-page: 179 ident: bib74 article-title: The influence of the Gyne-T 380S IUD on menstrual blood loss and iron status publication-title: Contraception – year: 2016 ident: bib70 article-title: Kyleena [package insert] – volume: 92 start-page: 57 year: 2012 end-page: 62 ident: bib79 article-title: Some very basic tips for making higher education more accessible to trans students and rethinking how we talk about gendered bodies publication-title: Radical Teacher – volume: 163 start-page: 285 year: 1990 end-page: 291 ident: bib27 article-title: Past use of oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis in the context of the Nurses’ Health Study publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol – volume: 95 start-page: 186 year: 2017 end-page: 189 ident: bib54 article-title: Contraceptive use and pregnancy intentions among transgender men presenting to a clinic for sex workers and their families in San Francisco publication-title: Contraception – year: 2012 ident: bib47 article-title: ParaGard intrauterine device [package insert] – volume: 220 start-page: 257.e1 year: 2019 end-page: 257.e7 ident: bib23 article-title: Uterine pathology in transmasculine persons on testosterone: a retrospective multicenter case series publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol – volume: 65 start-page: 129 year: 2002 end-page: 132 ident: bib45 article-title: Bleeding patterns and clinical performance of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (Mirena) up to two years publication-title: Contraception – volume: 98 start-page: 266 year: 2018 end-page: 269 ident: bib7 article-title: Family planning and contraception use in transgender men publication-title: Contraception – volume: 51 start-page: 1335 year: 1980 end-page: 1339 ident: bib81 article-title: Treatment of male hypogonadism with testosterone enanthate publication-title: J Clin Endocrinol Metab – year: 2015 ident: bib1 publication-title: Fenway guide to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health – volume: 26 start-page: 651 year: 2011 end-page: 657 ident: bib37 article-title: The challenging pelvic examination publication-title: J Gen Intern Med – volume: 6 start-page: 631 year: 2014 end-page: 637 ident: bib46 article-title: Menstrual suppression: current perspectives publication-title: Int J Womens Health – volume: 29 start-page: 628 year: 2014 end-page: 633 ident: bib18 article-title: The impact of self-reported oligo-amenorrhea and hirsutism on fertility and lifetime reproductive success: results from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 publication-title: Hum Reprod – volume: 63 start-page: 62 year: 2018 end-page: 68 ident: bib6 article-title: Attitudes toward fertility and reproductive health among transgender and gender-nonconforming adolescents publication-title: J Adolesc Health – volume: 12 start-page: 115 year: 2010 end-page: 118 ident: bib36 article-title: Recommendations for revision of the DSM diagnoses of gender identity disorders: consensus statement of the World Professional Association for Transgender Health publication-title: Int J Transgender – volume: 11 start-page: 377 year: 2015 end-page: 378 ident: bib68 article-title: New addition to long-acting reversible contraception publication-title: J Nurse Practit – volume: 13 start-page: 13 year: 2008 end-page: 28 ident: bib44 article-title: The effects of Implanon on menstrual bleeding patterns publication-title: Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care – year: 2011 ident: bib76 article-title: Etonogestrel implant [package insert] – volume: 69 start-page: 151 year: 1989 end-page: 157 ident: bib21 article-title: The effects of long term testosterone administration on pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion and on ovarian histology in eugonadal female to male transsexual subjects publication-title: J Clin Endocrinol Metab – volume: 2 start-page: 165 year: 2017 end-page: 175 ident: bib14 article-title: Guidance and ethical considerations for undertaking transgender health research and institutional review boards adjudicating this research publication-title: Transgend Health – volume: 120 start-page: 386 year: 1974 end-page: 391 ident: bib35 article-title: Editorial: gender dysphoria syndrome—the conceptualization that liberalizes indications for total gender reorientation and implies a broadly based multi-dimensional rehabilitative regimen publication-title: West J Med – volume: 131 start-page: 65S year: 2018 ident: bib3 article-title: Contraception knowledge in transgender individuals: are we doing enough? publication-title: Obstet Gynecol – volume: 1 start-page: 69 year: 2016 end-page: 74 ident: bib9 article-title: Assessing residency program approaches to the Transgender Health CREOG Objective publication-title: Transgend Health – volume: 18 start-page: 146 year: 2012 end-page: 170 ident: bib17 article-title: Epidemiology, diagnosis and management of hirsutism: a consensus statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society publication-title: Hum Reprod Update – volume: 17 start-page: 1119 year: 2015 end-page: 1131 ident: bib63 article-title: Imagining parenthood: the possibilities and experiences of parenthood among transgender people publication-title: Cult Health Sex – volume: 98 start-page: 1924 year: 2006 end-page: 1929 ident: bib32 article-title: Sexual history-taking among primary care physicians publication-title: J Natl Med Assoc – year: 2008 ident: bib67 article-title: Mirena [package insert] – volume: 31 start-page: 451 year: 2018 end-page: 458 ident: bib43 article-title: Treatment modalities in adolescents who present with heavy menstrual bleeding publication-title: J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol – volume: 124 start-page: 1120 year: 2014 end-page: 1127 ident: bib2 article-title: Transgender men who experienced pregnancy after female-to-male gender transitioning publication-title: Obstet Gynecol – volume: 52 start-page: S40 year: 2013 end-page: S46 ident: bib38 article-title: Practical tips for intrauterine devices use in adolescents publication-title: J Adolesc Health – volume: 126 start-page: 685 year: 2015 end-page: 686 ident: bib57 article-title: ACOG Practice bulletin summary no. 152. Emergency contraception publication-title: Obstet Gynecol – volume: 22 start-page: 459 year: 2015 end-page: 466 ident: bib22 article-title: Bone in trans persons publication-title: Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes – volume: 219 start-page: 585.e1 year: 2018 end-page: 585.e5 ident: bib34 article-title: Welcoming transgender and nonbinary patients: expanding the language of “women’s health.” publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol – volume: 170 start-page: 143 year: 2019 ident: bib25 article-title: Cross-sex hormones and acute cardiovascular events in transgender persons publication-title: Ann Intern Med – volume: 89 start-page: 495 year: 2014 end-page: 503 ident: bib66 article-title: Extended use of the intrauterine device: a literature review and recommendations for clinical practice publication-title: Contraception – volume: 38 start-page: 59 year: 2003 end-page: 75 ident: bib41 article-title: To bleed or not to bleed: young women’s attitudes toward menstrual suppression publication-title: Women Health – volume: 28 start-page: 350 year: 2018 end-page: 357 ident: bib61 article-title: Reproductive health care priorities and barriers to effective care for LGBTQ people assigned female at birth: a qualitative study publication-title: Womens Health Issues – volume: 376 start-page: 1801 year: 2017 end-page: 1804 ident: bib65 article-title: The future of transgender coverage publication-title: N Engl J Med – volume: 65 year: 2016 ident: bib30 article-title: U.S. Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use, 2016 publication-title: MMWR Recomm Rep – volume: 14 start-page: 114 year: 1993 end-page: 115 ident: bib77 article-title: Ask the experts: progestin-only contraceptives publication-title: Contracept Technol Update – year: 2018 ident: bib69 article-title: Liletta [package insert] – ident: bib33 article-title: A guide to taking a sexual history – year: 2017 ident: bib80 article-title: Managing contraception, 2017–2018 – ident: bib52 article-title: Levonorgestrel intrauterine device. Lexi-Drugs. LexiComp – volume: 215 start-page: 78.e1 year: 2016 ident: bib84 article-title: Association of the quality of interpersonal care during family planning counseling with contraceptive use publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol – volume: 24 start-page: 331 year: 1973 end-page: 339 ident: bib78 article-title: Contraceptive use--efficacy study utilizing medroxyprogesterone acetate administered as an intramuscular injection once every 90 days publication-title: Fertil Steril – volume: 94 start-page: 422 year: 2016 end-page: 423 ident: bib5 article-title: “Testosterone in a way is birth control”: contraceptive attitudes and experiences among transmasculine and genderqueer young adults publication-title: Contraception – volume: 114 start-page: 923 year: 1972 end-page: 928 ident: bib39 article-title: Serum estradiol in women ingesting combination oral contraceptive steroids publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol – volume: 71 start-page: 319 year: 2005 end-page: 326 ident: bib49 article-title: Safety and efficacy of Implanon, a single-rod implantable contraceptive containing etonogestrel publication-title: Contraception – volume: 129 start-page: e109 year: 2017 end-page: e116 ident: bib55 article-title: Committee on Ethics. Sterilization of women: ethical issues and considerations. ACOG Committee opinion no. 695 publication-title: Obstet Gynecol – volume: 88 start-page: 3467 year: 2003 end-page: 3473 ident: bib82 article-title: Endocrine treatment of transsexual people: a review of treatment regimens, outcomes, and adverse effects publication-title: J Clin Endocrinol Metab – volume: 180 start-page: 241 year: 1999 end-page: 249 ident: bib29 article-title: Estimates of the risk of cardiovascular death attributable to low-dose oral contraceptives in the United States publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol – volume: 70 start-page: 833 year: 2009 end-page: 837 ident: bib19 article-title: Reassessing fecundity in women with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH): normal pregnancy rate but reduced fertility rate publication-title: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) – volume: 72 start-page: S235 year: 2016 end-page: S242 ident: bib13 article-title: Integrated and gender-affirming transgender clinical care and research publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr – volume: 60 start-page: 62 year: 2015 end-page: 69 ident: bib62 article-title: Conception, pregnancy, and birth experiences of male and gender variant gestational parents: it’s how we could have a family publication-title: J Midwifery Womens Health – volume: 24 start-page: 329 year: 2018 end-page: 333 ident: bib59 article-title: Estrogen levels do not rise with testosteroen treatmetn for transgender men publication-title: Endocr Pract – volume: 17 start-page: 332 year: 2017 ident: bib64 article-title: From erasure to opportunity: a qualitative study of the experiences of transgender men around pregnancy and recommendations for providers publication-title: BMC Pregnancy Childb – year: 2000 ident: bib71 article-title: Skyla [package insert] – volume: 114 start-page: 923 year: 1972 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib39 article-title: Serum estradiol in women ingesting combination oral contraceptive steroids publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(72)90098-1 – volume: 95 start-page: 186 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib54 article-title: Contraceptive use and pregnancy intentions among transgender men presenting to a clinic for sex workers and their families in San Francisco publication-title: Contraception doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.09.005 – year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib11 – volume: 28 start-page: 350 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib61 article-title: Reproductive health care priorities and barriers to effective care for LGBTQ people assigned female at birth: a qualitative study publication-title: Womens Health Issues doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2018.03.002 – volume: 126 start-page: 685 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib57 article-title: ACOG Practice bulletin summary no. 152. Emergency contraception publication-title: Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000471179.25809.d8 – volume: 13 start-page: 13 issue: Suppl 1 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib44 article-title: The effects of Implanon on menstrual bleeding patterns publication-title: Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care doi: 10.1080/13625180801959931 – volume: 216 start-page: 586.e1 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib75 article-title: Prolonged use of the etonogestrel implant and levonorgestrel intrauterine device—two years beyond FDA-approved duration publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.01.036 – year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib80 – volume: 131 start-page: 65S year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib3 article-title: Contraception knowledge in transgender individuals: are we doing enough? publication-title: Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000533319.47797.7e – volume: 318 start-page: 96 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib28 article-title: Mortality associated with oral contraceptive use: 25 year follow up of cohort of 46,000 women from the Royal College of General Practitioners’ oral contraception study publication-title: BMJ doi: 10.1136/bmj.318.7176.96 – volume: 75 start-page: S70 issue: Suppl 6 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib72 article-title: Utility and drawbacks of continuous use of a copper T IUD for 20 years publication-title: Contraception doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2007.01.016 – volume: 52 start-page: 334 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib20 article-title: Cross-sex pattern of bone mineral density in early onset gender identity disorder publication-title: Horm Behav doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.05.012 – volume: 38 start-page: 59 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib41 article-title: To bleed or not to bleed: young women’s attitudes toward menstrual suppression publication-title: Women Health doi: 10.1300/J013v38n03_05 – volume: 118 start-page: 1454 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib56 article-title: Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women. Health care for transgender individuals. ACOG Committee opinion no. 512 publication-title: Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31823ed1c1 – volume: 170 start-page: 143 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib25 article-title: Cross-sex hormones and acute cardiovascular events in transgender persons publication-title: Ann Intern Med doi: 10.7326/L18-0564 – volume: 163 start-page: 285 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib27 article-title: Past use of oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis in the context of the Nurses’ Health Study publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90569-S – volume: 71 start-page: 319 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib49 article-title: Safety and efficacy of Implanon, a single-rod implantable contraceptive containing etonogestrel publication-title: Contraception doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2004.11.007 – volume: 17 start-page: 332 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib64 article-title: From erasure to opportunity: a qualitative study of the experiences of transgender men around pregnancy and recommendations for providers publication-title: BMC Pregnancy Childb doi: 10.1186/s12884-017-1491-5 – volume: 6 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib83 article-title: Emergency contraception: a last chance to prevent unintended pregnancy publication-title: Contemp Read Law Social Justi – volume: 6 start-page: 631 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib46 article-title: Menstrual suppression: current perspectives publication-title: Int J Womens Health doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S46680 – volume: 180 start-page: 241 issue: 1 Pt 1 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib29 article-title: Estimates of the risk of cardiovascular death attributable to low-dose oral contraceptives in the United States publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70182-1 – volume: 52 start-page: 175 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib74 article-title: The influence of the Gyne-T 380S IUD on menstrual blood loss and iron status publication-title: Contraception doi: 10.1016/0010-7824(95)00163-5 – volume: 24 start-page: 329 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib59 article-title: Estrogen levels do not rise with testosteroen treatmetn for transgender men publication-title: Endocr Pract doi: 10.4158/EP-2017-0203 – volume: 18 start-page: 1238 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib42 article-title: Queer periods: attitudes toward and experiences with menstruation in the masculine of centre and transgender community publication-title: Cult Health Sex doi: 10.1080/13691058.2016.1182645 – volume: 1 start-page: 69 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib9 article-title: Assessing residency program approaches to the Transgender Health CREOG Objective publication-title: Transgend Health doi: 10.1089/trgh.2015.0011 – volume: 24 start-page: 331 year: 1973 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib78 article-title: Contraceptive use--efficacy study utilizing medroxyprogesterone acetate administered as an intramuscular injection once every 90 days publication-title: Fertil Steril doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)39669-8 – volume: 92 start-page: 57 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib79 article-title: Some very basic tips for making higher education more accessible to trans students and rethinking how we talk about gendered bodies publication-title: Radical Teacher doi: 10.5406/radicalteacher.92.0057 – volume: 98 start-page: 266 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib7 article-title: Family planning and contraception use in transgender men publication-title: Contraception doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2018.06.006 – volume: 11 start-page: 377 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib68 article-title: New addition to long-acting reversible contraception publication-title: J Nurse Practit doi: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2015.01.024 – volume: 22 start-page: 459 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib22 article-title: Bone in trans persons publication-title: Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000202 – volume: 124 start-page: 1120 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib2 article-title: Transgender men who experienced pregnancy after female-to-male gender transitioning publication-title: Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000540 – volume: 21 start-page: 1291 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib16 article-title: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Endocrinology, and Androgen Excess and PCOS Society Disease State Clinical Review: guide to the best practices in the evaluation and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: part 1 publication-title: Endocr Pract doi: 10.4158/EP15748.DSC – year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib10 – volume: 26 start-page: 651 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib37 article-title: The challenging pelvic examination publication-title: J Gen Intern Med doi: 10.1007/s11606-010-1610-8 – volume: 215 start-page: 78.e1 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib84 article-title: Association of the quality of interpersonal care during family planning counseling with contraceptive use publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.01.173 – ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib31 – volume: 2 start-page: 165 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib14 article-title: Guidance and ethical considerations for undertaking transgender health research and institutional review boards adjudicating this research publication-title: Transgend Health doi: 10.1089/trgh.2017.0012 – volume: 92 start-page: 204 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib24 article-title: Thrombotic issues in transgender medicine: a review publication-title: Am J Hematol doi: 10.1002/ajh.24593 – year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib76 – volume: 72 start-page: S235 issue: Suppl 3 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib13 article-title: Integrated and gender-affirming transgender clinical care and research publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001088 – year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib15 – volume: 63 start-page: 62 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib6 article-title: Attitudes toward fertility and reproductive health among transgender and gender-nonconforming adolescents publication-title: J Adolesc Health doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.11.306 – volume: 29 start-page: 628 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib18 article-title: The impact of self-reported oligo-amenorrhea and hirsutism on fertility and lifetime reproductive success: results from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 publication-title: Hum Reprod doi: 10.1093/humrep/det437 – year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib50 – volume: 98 start-page: 1924 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib32 article-title: Sexual history-taking among primary care physicians publication-title: J Natl Med Assoc – volume: 12 start-page: 115 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib36 article-title: Recommendations for revision of the DSM diagnoses of gender identity disorders: consensus statement of the World Professional Association for Transgender Health publication-title: Int J Transgender doi: 10.1080/15532739.2010.509215 – volume: 68 start-page: 91 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib40 article-title: “Am I going to be natural or am i not?”: Canadian women’s perceptions and experiences of menstrual suppression publication-title: Sex Roles doi: 10.1007/s11199-011-0038-x – year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib1 – year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib67 – volume: 69 start-page: 151 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib21 article-title: The effects of long term testosterone administration on pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion and on ovarian histology in eugonadal female to male transsexual subjects publication-title: J Clin Endocrinol Metab doi: 10.1210/jcem-69-1-151 – volume: 70 start-page: 833 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib19 article-title: Reassessing fecundity in women with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH): normal pregnancy rate but reduced fertility rate publication-title: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03563.x – volume: 24 start-page: 114 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib8 article-title: Care of the transgender patient: a survey of gynecologists’ current knowledge and practice publication-title: J Womens Health (Larchmt) doi: 10.1089/jwh.2014.4918 – year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib70 – volume: 58 start-page: 99S issue: Suppl 6 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib48 article-title: An integrated analysis of vaginal bleeding patterns in clinical trials of Implanon publication-title: Contraception doi: 10.1016/S0010-7824(98)00123-1 – volume: 60 start-page: 62 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib62 article-title: Conception, pregnancy, and birth experiences of male and gender variant gestational parents: it’s how we could have a family publication-title: J Midwifery Womens Health doi: 10.1111/jmwh.12213 – volume: 94 start-page: 422 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib5 article-title: “Testosterone in a way is birth control”: contraceptive attitudes and experiences among transmasculine and genderqueer young adults publication-title: Contraception doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.07.145 – volume: 220 start-page: 257.e1 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib23 article-title: Uterine pathology in transmasculine persons on testosterone: a retrospective multicenter case series publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.12.021 – volume: 131 start-page: 1009 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib26 article-title: Oral contraceptive use and the risk of myocardial infarction publication-title: Am J Epidemiol doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115592 – volume: 120 start-page: 386 year: 1974 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib35 article-title: Editorial: gender dysphoria syndrome—the conceptualization that liberalizes indications for total gender reorientation and implies a broadly based multi-dimensional rehabilitative regimen publication-title: West J Med – volume: 89 start-page: 495 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib66 article-title: Extended use of the intrauterine device: a literature review and recommendations for clinical practice publication-title: Contraception doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.02.011 – volume: 51 start-page: 1335 year: 1980 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib81 article-title: Treatment of male hypogonadism with testosterone enanthate publication-title: J Clin Endocrinol Metab doi: 10.1210/jcem-51-6-1335 – volume: 121 start-page: 891 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib58 article-title: Management of acute abnormal uterine bleeding in nonpregnant reproductive-aged women. ACOG Committee opinion no. 557 publication-title: Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000428646.67925.9a – volume: 65 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib30 article-title: U.S. Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use, 2016 publication-title: MMWR Recomm Rep doi: 10.15585/mmwr.rr6503a1 – year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib71 – volume: 31 start-page: 451 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib43 article-title: Treatment modalities in adolescents who present with heavy menstrual bleeding publication-title: J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2018.02.130 – volume: 88 start-page: 3467 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib82 article-title: Endocrine treatment of transsexual people: a review of treatment regimens, outcomes, and adverse effects publication-title: J Clin Endocrinol Metab doi: 10.1210/jc.2002-021967 – volume: 18 start-page: 146 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib17 article-title: Epidemiology, diagnosis and management of hirsutism: a consensus statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society publication-title: Hum Reprod Update doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmr042 – volume: 52 start-page: S40 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib38 article-title: Practical tips for intrauterine devices use in adolescents publication-title: J Adolesc Health doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.023 – volume: 17 start-page: 1119 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib63 article-title: Imagining parenthood: the possibilities and experiences of parenthood among transgender people publication-title: Cult Health Sex doi: 10.1080/13691058.2015.1042919 – year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib69 – year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib47 – volume: 374 start-page: 843 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib4 article-title: Declines in unintended pregnancy in the United States, 2008–2011 publication-title: N Engl J Med doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa1506575 – volume: 14 start-page: 114 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib77 article-title: Ask the experts: progestin-only contraceptives publication-title: Contracept Technol Update – volume: 129 start-page: e109 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib55 article-title: Committee on Ethics. Sterilization of women: ethical issues and considerations. ACOG Committee opinion no. 695 publication-title: Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002023 – volume: 376 start-page: 1801 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib65 article-title: The future of transgender coverage publication-title: N Engl J Med doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1702427 – volume: 65 start-page: 129 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib45 article-title: Bleeding patterns and clinical performance of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (Mirena) up to two years publication-title: Contraception doi: 10.1016/S0010-7824(01)00302-X – volume: 219 start-page: 585.e1 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib34 article-title: Welcoming transgender and nonbinary patients: expanding the language of “women’s health.” publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.09.018 – volume: 56 start-page: 341 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043_bib73 article-title: Long-term reversible contraception: twelve years of experience with the TCu380A and TCu220C publication-title: Contraception – reference: 31870734 - Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Apr;222(4):393-394 – reference: 31870735 - Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Apr;222(4):394
SSID	ssj0002292
Score	2.6103256
SecondaryResourceType	review_article
Snippet	The field of transgender health continues to expand rapidly, including research in the area of family planning. While much attention has been given to...
SourceID	proquest pubmed crossref elsevier
SourceType	Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher
StartPage	134
SubjectTerms	and questioning (or queer) Androgens - therapeutic use bisexual contraception Contraception - methods Contraceptive Agents, Hormonal Contraceptive Devices family planning Female female to male gay gender affirming Gender Dysphoria gender nonbinary Humans Intrauterine Devices, Copper lesbian Male Medical History Taking Pregnancy Pregnancy, Unplanned Sex Reassignment Procedures sexual health Sterilization, Reproductive Terminology as Topic Testosterone - therapeutic use transgender men Transgender Persons transmasculine vulnerable populations
Title	Contraception across the transmasculine spectrum
URI	https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/1-s2.0-S000293781930955X https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.043 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31394072 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2270003544
Volume	222
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000509495500005&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: ScienceDirect database customDbUrl: eissn: 1097-6868 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0002292 issn: 0002-9378 databaseCode: AIEXJ dateStart: 20160801 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3db9MwELfYhhAviG_KxxQkxMuUKbGdOn6sUMdXV3jopLxZju1Mq1japR0a_z3n2M4aYGM88BK1Vq9N7y7nu_Pd7xB6QzTlVVWyuKyGZUwpNrHkTMeMM4WJAp9Ytuj6Ezad5kXBv_qs0qodJ8DqOr-44Mv_KmpYA2Hb1tl_EHf3pbAAr0HocAWxw_VGgrd4U4301Sp7st0GW_dybbel07by1LqWbY9lQGIIOLTh_GYDUGJRgiJYHH-H5nz8ozaql4v_3BiwKT4Ja7sVNpRFNo0DMTgE69O576PSuBpi25V92Yv2vjk5BWdVB4damV5SAiLQpCvwcHY04Swe5m5izr75w5o3vhjjDS3DG6Y0dUnO30y8yzbM9-V8cWxL83gLvuqwnvp42tMv4uBoMhGzcTF7uzyL7agxeyTv565soR3MMg6mcGf0cVx86jZwjLk7JPf363utXFngrz97lT9zVbzS-i2z--ieDziikVOUB-iWqR-iO4e-pOIRSnr6Ejl9iUBfor6-REFfHqOjg_Hs3YfYj9GIFUTr67giqSR6mGODGZapVibnmWHYUCmlTkqmKyapxvCnlM4yZobwtJqUKl3m8J6QJ2i7XtTmGYqIgug2M-D1JaVFGeU5o1VqVJUDha7kAKWBGUJ5jHk76uSbCMWEc2EZKCwDRcIEMHCA9jqapUNYufbTJPBYhN5h2O0EaMe1VFlH5T1L5zH-le51EKMAs2vP0mRtFucrgW3BRkIySgfoqZNvd_cEoiqLO_j8BtQv0N3L5-cl2gY5mlfotvq-Plk1u2iLFfmu18-f32SvVg
linkProvider	Elsevier
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Contraception+across+the+transmasculine+spectrum&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+obstetrics+and+gynecology&rft.au=Krempasky%2C+Chance&rft.au=Harris%2C+Miles&rft.au=Abern%2C+Lauren&rft.au=Grimstad%2C+Frances&rft.date=2020-02-01&rft.issn=1097-6868&rft.eissn=1097-6868&rft.volume=222&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=134&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ajog.2019.07.043&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0002-9378&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0002-9378&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0002-9378&client=summon