Combining possibly reciprocally dependent linguistic parameters in the quantitative assessment of aphasic speakers' grammatical output
Background: The grammatical output of aphasic speakers is often quantitatively analysed in order to establish an effect of treatment. In many methods of quantitative analysis both the number of utterances produced and (their) length are calculated. The difficulty is that these parameters may show a...
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| Published in: | Aphasiology Vol. 27; no. 3; pp. 293 - 308 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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01.03.2013
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| ISSN: | 0268-7038, 1464-5041 |
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| Abstract | Background: The grammatical output of aphasic speakers is often quantitatively analysed in order to establish an effect of treatment. In many methods of quantitative analysis both the number of utterances produced and (their) length are calculated. The difficulty is that these parameters may show a trade-off effect (i.e., may be inversely proportional to each other). That is, when the amount of information to be conveyed remains constant, an increase in the number of utterances may be compensated by a decrease in their length (and vice versa). As a result, a lack of increase-or even a decrease-in one of both outcome measures may be incorrectly interpreted as a lack of effect of treatment.
Aims: The current study investigated whether combining the possibly reciprocal outcome measures percentage of utterances and (their) length into a single parameter increases the interpretability of the results obtained with a quantitative analysis of aphasic speakers' spontaneous speech. In the current study the procedure of combining two possibly reciprocal linguistic variables into one dependent measure is demonstrated for the elliptical repertoire. Ellipses are grammatically well formed but incomplete utterances (e.g., problem solved). Contrary to sentences, ellipses lack finiteness. As will be argued in this article, the procedure of combining possibly reciprocal outcome measures could be useful in order to investigate both the sentential and elliptical repertoire produced by aphasic speakers.
Methods & Procedures: The possibly reciprocal outcome measures percentage of ellipses and mean length of ellipsis, which were used in the study of Ruiter, Kolk, and Rietveld (
2010
), were combined into a single parameter of elliptical style: percentage of words produced in ellipses (in comparison to words in sentences). The data obtained by Ruiter et al. (
2010
), who investigated the effect of a compensation therapy on the production of ellipses in 12 chronically agrammatic speakers of Dutch, were re-analysed with the new parameter.
Outcomes & Results: The parameter percentage words produced in ellipses was not only able to reproduce the results obtained in the previous study, but also seems to be more sensitive: It could identify significant changes in elliptical style in more participants than the two possibly reciprocal parameters could independently.
Conclusions: The data obtained in the current study may be of relevance to aphasia researchers and therapists as the new parameter provides them with a more sensitive measure to establish the effect of therapy on aphasic speakers' grammatical output. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Background: The grammatical output of aphasic speakers is often quantitatively analysed in order to establish an effect of treatment. In many methods of quantitative analysis both the number of utterances produced and (their) length are calculated. The difficulty is that these parameters may show a trade-off effect (i.e., may be inversely proportional to each other). That is, when the amount of information to be conveyed remains constant, an increase in the number of utterances may be compensated by a decrease in their length (and vice versa). As a result, a lack of increase -- or even a decrease -- in one of both outcome measures may be incorrectly interpreted as a lack of effect of treatment. Aims: The current study investigated whether combining the possibly reciprocal outcome measures percentage of utterances and (their) length into a single parameter increases the interpretability of the results obtained with a quantitative analysis of aphasic speakers' spontaneous speech. In the current study the procedure of combining two possibly reciprocal linguistic variables into one dependent measure is demonstrated for the elliptical repertoire. Ellipses are grammatically well formed but incomplete utterances (e.g., problem solved). Contrary to sentences, ellipses lack finiteness. As will be argued in this article, the procedure of combining possibly reciprocal outcome measures could be useful in order to investigate both the sentential and elliptical repertoire produced by aphasic speakers. Methods & Procedures: The possibly reciprocal outcome measures percentage of ellipses and mean length of ellipsis, which were used in the study of Ruiter, Kolk, and Rietveld (2010), were combined into a single parameter of elliptical style: percentage of words produced in ellipses (in comparison to words in sentences). The data obtained by Ruiter et al. (2010), who investigated the effect of a compensation therapy on the production of ellipses in 12 chronically agrammatic speakers of Dutch, were re-analysed with the new parameter. Outcomes & Results: The parameter percentage words produced in ellipses was not only able to reproduce the results obtained in the previous study, but also seems to be more sensitive: It could identify significant changes in elliptical style in more participants than the two possibly reciprocal parameters could independently. Conclusions: The data obtained in the current study may be of relevance to aphasia researchers and therapists as the new parameter provides them with a more sensitive measure to establish the effect of therapy on aphasic speakers' grammatical output. Adapted from the source document Background: The grammatical output of aphasic speakers is often quantitatively analysed in order to establish an effect of treatment. In many methods of quantitative analysis both the number of utterances produced and (their) length are calculated. The difficulty is that these parameters may show a trade-off effect (i.e., may be inversely proportional to each other). That is, when the amount of information to be conveyed remains constant, an increase in the number of utterances may be compensated by a decrease in their length (and vice versa). As a result, a lack of increase-or even a decrease-in one of both outcome measures may be incorrectly interpreted as a lack of effect of treatment. Aims: The current study investigated whether combining the possibly reciprocal outcome measures percentage of utterances and (their) length into a single parameter increases the interpretability of the results obtained with a quantitative analysis of aphasic speakers' spontaneous speech. In the current study the procedure of combining two possibly reciprocal linguistic variables into one dependent measure is demonstrated for the elliptical repertoire. Ellipses are grammatically well formed but incomplete utterances (e.g., problem solved). Contrary to sentences, ellipses lack finiteness. As will be argued in this article, the procedure of combining possibly reciprocal outcome measures could be useful in order to investigate both the sentential and elliptical repertoire produced by aphasic speakers. Methods & Procedures: The possibly reciprocal outcome measures percentage of ellipses and mean length of ellipsis, which were used in the study of Ruiter, Kolk, and Rietveld (2010), were combined into a single parameter of elliptical style: percentage of words produced in ellipses (in comparison to words in sentences). The data obtained by Ruiter et al. (2010), who investigated the effect of a compensation therapy on the production of ellipses in 12 chronically agrammatic speakers of Dutch, were re-analysed with the new parameter. Outcomes & Results: The parameter percentage words produced in ellipses was not only able to reproduce the results obtained in the previous study, but also seems to be more sensitive: It could identify significant changes in elliptical style in more participants than the two possibly reciprocal parameters could independently. Conclusions: The data obtained in the current study may be of relevance to aphasia researchers and therapists as the new parameter provides them with a more sensitive measure to establish the effect of therapy on aphasic speakers' grammatical output. Background: The grammatical output of aphasic speakers is often quantitatively analysed in order to establish an effect of treatment. In many methods of quantitative analysis both the number of utterances produced and (their) length are calculated. The difficulty is that these parameters may show a trade-off effect (i.e., may be inversely proportional to each other). That is, when the amount of information to be conveyed remains constant, an increase in the number of utterances may be compensated by a decrease in their length (and vice versa). As a result, a lack of increase-or even a decrease-in one of both outcome measures may be incorrectly interpreted as a lack of effect of treatment. Aims: The current study investigated whether combining the possibly reciprocal outcome measures percentage of utterances and (their) length into a single parameter increases the interpretability of the results obtained with a quantitative analysis of aphasic speakers' spontaneous speech. In the current study the procedure of combining two possibly reciprocal linguistic variables into one dependent measure is demonstrated for the elliptical repertoire. Ellipses are grammatically well formed but incomplete utterances (e.g., problem solved). Contrary to sentences, ellipses lack finiteness. As will be argued in this article, the procedure of combining possibly reciprocal outcome measures could be useful in order to investigate both the sentential and elliptical repertoire produced by aphasic speakers. Methods & Procedures: The possibly reciprocal outcome measures percentage of ellipses and mean length of ellipsis, which were used in the study of Ruiter, Kolk, and Rietveld ( 2010 ), were combined into a single parameter of elliptical style: percentage of words produced in ellipses (in comparison to words in sentences). The data obtained by Ruiter et al. ( 2010 ), who investigated the effect of a compensation therapy on the production of ellipses in 12 chronically agrammatic speakers of Dutch, were re-analysed with the new parameter. Outcomes & Results: The parameter percentage words produced in ellipses was not only able to reproduce the results obtained in the previous study, but also seems to be more sensitive: It could identify significant changes in elliptical style in more participants than the two possibly reciprocal parameters could independently. Conclusions: The data obtained in the current study may be of relevance to aphasia researchers and therapists as the new parameter provides them with a more sensitive measure to establish the effect of therapy on aphasic speakers' grammatical output. |
| Author | Rietveld, Toni. C. M. Kolk, Herman H. J. Feddema, Ilse Ruiter, Marina B. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Marina B. surname: Ruiter fullname: Ruiter, Marina B. email: m.ruiter@maartenskliniek.nl organization: Sint Maartenskliniek Research Development & Education – sequence: 2 givenname: Herman H. J. surname: Kolk fullname: Kolk, Herman H. J. organization: Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognition , Radboud University Nijmegen – sequence: 3 givenname: Toni. C. M. surname: Rietveld fullname: Rietveld, Toni. C. M. organization: Department of Linguistics , Radboud University Nijmegen – sequence: 4 givenname: Ilse surname: Feddema fullname: Feddema, Ilse organization: Department of Linguistics , Utrecht University |
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| References_xml | – ident: e_1_3_2_2_1 doi: 10.1080/0269920031000061786 – start-page: 229 volume-title: The syntax of nonsententials: Multidisciplinary aspects year: 2006 ident: e_1_3_2_19_1 doi: 10.1075/la.93.11kol – volume-title: The assessment of aphasia and related disorders year: 1983 ident: e_1_3_2_9_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_41_1 doi: 10.1016/0093-934X(89)90064-3 – volume: 6 start-page: 192 year: 1978 ident: e_1_3_2_27_1 article-title: Recovery from aphasia: Spontaneous speech versus language comprehension publication-title: Brain and Language doi: 10.1016/0093-934X(78)90058-5 – ident: e_1_3_2_34_1 doi: 10.1080/09602010903399287 – ident: e_1_3_2_23_1 doi: 10.2105/AJPH.86.5.628 – ident: e_1_3_2_36_1 doi: 10.1016/0093-934X(89)90030-8 – ident: e_1_3_2_4_1 doi: 10.1044/jshr.3702.399 – ident: e_1_3_2_33_1 – volume-title: Aachener Sprachanalsye. Handanweisung [Aachen Method for Analysing Spoken Language: Manual] year: 2005 ident: e_1_3_2_15_1 – volume: 6 start-page: 65 year: 1979 ident: e_1_3_2_14_1 article-title: A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure publication-title: Scandinavian Journal of Statistics – volume: 7 start-page: 184 year: 1996 ident: e_1_3_2_39_1 article-title: Effectstudie naar een intensieve afasietherapie: Een taaltherapie ter bevordering van de functionele communicatie bij twee chronische Broca-patiënten [Evaluation of an intensive aphasia therapy: A language therapy to increase functional communication in two chronic Broca's aphasics] publication-title: Logopedie en Foniatrie – volume-title: Intelligentie en leeftijd [Intelligence and age] year: 1964 ident: e_1_3_2_40_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_6_1 doi: 10.1016/S0093-934X(02)00538-2 – ident: e_1_3_2_26_1 doi: 10.1080/02687030444000534 – volume-title: Agrammatic grammar: Functional categories in agrammatic speech year: 1999 ident: e_1_3_2_5_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_38_1 doi: 10.1080/096020100389165 – ident: e_1_3_2_43_1 doi: 10.1044/jshd.4501.27 – ident: e_1_3_2_20_1 doi: 10.1080/01690969208409381 – ident: e_1_3_2_31_1 doi: 10.1080/02687030500475085 – start-page: 193 volume-title: Linguistic levels in aphasiology year: 1998 ident: e_1_3_2_21_1 – volume-title: Discovering statistics using SPSS year: 2005 ident: e_1_3_2_7_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_22_1 doi: 10.1080/02643298508252666 – ident: e_1_3_2_29_1 doi: 10.1075/la.93 – ident: e_1_3_2_17_1 doi: 10.1006/brln.1995.1049 – ident: e_1_3_2_11_1 doi: 10.1080/13682820701685991 – ident: e_1_3_2_12_1 – start-page: 345 volume-title: Clinical aphasiology year: 1994 ident: e_1_3_2_30_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_32_1 doi: 10.1006/brln.1999.2285 – start-page: 73 volume-title: The syntax of nonsententials: Multidisciplinary aspects year: 2006 ident: e_1_3_2_25_1 doi: 10.1075/la.93.05mer – start-page: 102 volume-title: Understanding aphasia year: 1993 ident: e_1_3_2_8_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_35_1 doi: 10.1080/02687038.2011.569892 – volume: 21 start-page: 775 year: 2007 ident: e_1_3_2_24_1 article-title: Comparing connected language elicitation procedures in persons with aphasia: Concurrent validation of the Story Retell Procedure publication-title: Aphasiology doi: 10.1080/02687030701189980 – volume-title: De Akense Afasietest [The Aachen Aphasia Test] year: 1992 ident: e_1_3_2_10_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_13_1 doi: 10.1006/brln.1994.1017 – ident: e_1_3_2_3_1 – start-page: 33 volume-title: The syntax of nonsententials: Multidisciplinary aspects year: 2006 ident: e_1_3_2_28_1 doi: 10.1075/la.93.04pro – ident: e_1_3_2_18_1 doi: 10.1006/brln.2000.2406 – volume-title: Der Aachener Aphasie Test [The Aachen Aphasia Test] year: 1983 ident: e_1_3_2_16_1 – ident: e_1_3_2_42_1 doi: 10.1016/S0093-934X(75)80071-X – volume-title: Die Behandlung des schweren Agrammatismus – Reduzierte-Syntax-Therapie (REST) [Treatment of severe agrammatism – Reduced Syntax Therapy (REST)] year: 1995 ident: e_1_3_2_37_1 |
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| SubjectTerms | Agrammatism Aphasia Dutch Ellipsis Expressive aphasia Finiteness Language Therapy Paragrammatism Quantitative Analysis Quantitative analysis of spontaneous speech Reciprocally dependent linguistic parameters Sentences Spontaneous Speech |
| Title | Combining possibly reciprocally dependent linguistic parameters in the quantitative assessment of aphasic speakers' grammatical output |
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