Jesus and the angels: A comparative reading of Hebrews 1:1–4 in light of Ewe angelology
This article examines the phrase, tosoutō kreittōn genomenos tōn angelōn (Heb 1:4a) (having become as much superior to the angels) in the exordium of the epistle to the Hebrews in the light of Ewe angelology. The article employs both comparative and mother tongue hermeneutical approaches as its meth...
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| Vydané v: | Hervormde teologiese studies Ročník 80; číslo 2; s. 1 - 6 |
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2024
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| Abstract | This article examines the phrase, tosoutō kreittōn genomenos tōn angelōn (Heb 1:4a) (having become as much superior to the angels) in the exordium of the epistle to the Hebrews in the light of Ewe angelology. The article employs both comparative and mother tongue hermeneutical approaches as its methodologies. An exegetical analysis of the cosmic superiority of Christ over angels in Hebrews 1:4a was carried out to situate the text in its historical and literary contexts. This was followed by an excursus on angels to explore the angelic world of the text, and a comparative discussion with angelology motif in Ewe cosmology. Finally, the article assesses the cosmic supremacy of Christ over the angelic world of the Ewe against the backdrop of the continuous quest for spiritual protection in Ewe-Ghanaian spirituality today. The quest for spiritual protection in popular Ewe-Ghanaian Christianity today stems from the perception that Christ’s cosmic superiority over the cosmos he created and owns including angelic beings alone is not enough and that one would need to resort to other mediums to enhance access to God for quicker solutions to one’s predicaments. This has resulted in the introduction of syncretic elements in spirituality. To cure the syncretic elements in Ewe Christian spirituality, this article makes the following proposals: Firstly, the preaching (kerygma) and teaching (didache) of the gospel message must be given priority in the pulpit. Secondly, Christian educators must constantly emphasise Christ’s superiority and his exclusive mediatory function over Ewe cosmic beings to ensure that old and new converts to Christianity view him alone as sufficient for their spiritual development.Contribution: The article contributes to the academic knowledge of the priestly Christology in Hebrews situating it within the context of mother tongue biblical hermeneutics. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | This article examines the phrase, tosoutō kreittōn genomenos tōn angelōn (Heb 1:4a) (having become as much superior to the angels) in the exordium of the epistle to the Hebrews in the light of Ewe angelology. The article employs both comparative and mother tongue hermeneutical approaches as its methodologies. An exegetical analysis of the cosmic superiority of Christ over angels in Hebrews 1:4a was carried out to situate the text in its historical and literary contexts. This was followed by an excursus on angels to explore the angelic world of the text, and a comparative discussion with angelology motif in Ewe cosmology. Finally, the article assesses the cosmic supremacy of Christ over the angelic world of the Ewe against the backdrop of the continuous quest for spiritual protection in Ewe-Ghanaian spirituality today. The quest for spiritual protection in popular Ewe-Ghanaian Christianity today stems from the perception that Christ’s cosmic superiority over the cosmos he created and owns including angelic beings alone is not enough and that one would need to resort to other mediums to enhance access to God for quicker solutions to one’s predicaments. This has resulted in the introduction of syncretic elements in spirituality. To cure the syncretic elements in Ewe Christian spirituality, this article makes the following proposals: Firstly, the preaching (kerygma) and teaching (didache) of the gospel message must be given priority in the pulpit. Secondly, Christian educators must constantly emphasise Christ’s superiority and his exclusive mediatory function over Ewe cosmic beings to ensure that old and new converts to Christianity view him alone as sufficient for their spiritual development.Contribution: The article contributes to the academic knowledge of the priestly Christology in Hebrews situating it within the context of mother tongue biblical hermeneutics. This article examines the phrase, tosoutōkreittōn genomenos tōn angelōn (Heb 1:4a) (having become as much superior to the angels) in the exordium of the epistle to the Hebrews in the light of Ewe angelology. The article employs both comparative and mother tongue hermeneutical approaches as its methodologies. An exegetical analysis of the cosmic superiority of Christ over angels in Hebrews 1:4a was carried out to situate the text in its historical and literary contexts. This was followed by an excursus on angels to explore the angelic world of the text, and a comparative discussion with angelology motif in Ewe cosmology. Finally, the article assesses the cosmic supremacy of Christ over the angelic world of the Ewe against the backdrop of the continuous quest for spiritual protection in Ewe-Ghanaian spirituality today. The quest for spiritual protection in popular Ewe-Ghanaian Christianity today stems from the perception that Christ's cosmic superiority over the cosmos he created and owns including angelic beings alone is not enough and that one would need to resort to other mediums to enhance access to God for quicker solutions to one's predicaments. This has resulted in the introduction of syncretic elements in spirituality. To cure the syncretic elements in Ewe Christian spirituality, this article makes the following proposals: Firstly, the preaching (kerygma) and teaching (didache) of the gospel message must be given priority in the pulpit. Secondly, Christian educators must constantly emphasise Christ's superiority and his exclusive mediatory function over Ewe cosmic beings to ensure that old and new converts to Christianity view him alone as sufficient for their spiritual development. CONTRIBUTION: The article contributes to the academic knowledge of the priestly Christology in Hebrews situating it within the context of mother tongue biblical hermeneutics. This article examines the phrase, tosoutō kreittōn genomenos tōn angelōn (Heb 1:4a) (having become as much superior to the angels) in the exordium of the epistle to the Hebrews in the light of Ewe angelology. The article employs both comparative and mother tongue hermeneutical approaches as its methodologies. An exegetical analysis of the cosmic superiority of Christ over angels in Hebrews 1:4a was carried out to situate the text in its historical and literary contexts. This was followed by an excursus on angels to explore the angelic world of the text, and a comparative discussion with angelology motif in Ewe cosmology. Finally, the article assesses the cosmic supremacy of Christ over the angelic world of the Ewe against the backdrop of the continuous quest for spiritual protection in Ewe-Ghanaian spirituality today. The quest for spiritual protection in popular Ewe-Ghanaian Christianity today stems from the perception that Christ’s cosmic superiority over the cosmos he created and owns including angelic beings alone is not enough and that one would need to resort to other mediums to enhance access to God for quicker solutions to one’s predicaments. This has resulted in the introduction of syncretic elements in spirituality. To cure the syncretic elements in Ewe Christian spirituality, this article makes the following proposals: Firstly, the preaching ( kerygma ) and teaching ( didache ) of the gospel message must be given priority in the pulpit. Secondly, Christian educators must constantly emphasise Christ’s superiority and his exclusive mediatory function over Ewe cosmic beings to ensure that old and new converts to Christianity view him alone as sufficient for their spiritual development.Contribution:The article contributes to the academic knowledge of the priestly Christology in Hebrews situating it within the context of mother tongue biblical hermeneutics. This article examines the phrase, tosouto kreitton genomenos ton angelon (Heb 1:4a) (having become as much superior to the angels) in the exordium of the epistle to the Hebrews in the light of Ewe angelology. The article employs both comparative and mother tongue hermeneutical approaches as its methodologies. An exegetical analysis of the cosmic superiority of Christ over angels in Hebrews 1:4a was carried out to situate the text in its historical and literary contexts. This was followed by an excursus on angels to explore the angelic world of the text, and a comparative discussion with angelology motif in Ewe cosmology. Finally, the article assesses the cosmic supremacy of Christ over the angelic world of the Ewe against the backdrop of the continuous quest for spiritual protection in Ewe-Ghanaian spirituality today. The quest for spiritual protection in popular Ewe-Ghanaian Christianity today stems from the perception that Christ's cosmic superiority over the cosmos he created and owns including angelic beings alone is not enough and that one would need to resort to other mediums to enhance access to God for quicker solutions to one's predicaments. This has resulted in the introduction of syncretic elements in spirituality. To cure the syncretic elements in Ewe Christian spirituality, this article makes the following proposals: Firstly, the preaching (kerygma) and teaching (didache) of the gospel message must be given priority in the pulpit. Secondly, Christian educators must constantly emphasise Christ's superiority and his exclusive mediatory function over Ewe cosmic beings to ensure that old and new converts to Christianity view him alone as sufficient for their spiritual development. Contribution The article contributes to the academic knowledge of the priestly Christology in Hebrews situating it within the context of mother tongue biblical hermeneutics. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Sakitey, Daniel Van Eck, Ernest |
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| References | ref13 ref12 ref15 ref14 ref11 ref10 ref0 ref2 ref1 ref17 ref16 ref19 ref18 ref24 ref23 ref26 ref25 ref20 ref22 ref21 ref27 ref8 ref7 ref9 ref4 ref3 ref6 ref5 Spieth, J.; Edorh, M.; Avornyo, R.; Dakuku, M.E.K. 1906 Sakitey, D.; Van Eck, E. 2021; 77 Buchanan, G.W. 1972 Kassa, T.; Adeyemo, T. 2006 Ekem, J.D.K.; Mkole, L.J.; Taylor, N.H. 2007; 30 Johnson, L.T. 2006 Bediako, K. 2000 2010 Cline, D.J.A.; Bruce, F.F. 1979 Kittel, G. 1964; IV 1931 2006 2005 1993 Habtu, T.; Adeyemo, T. 2006 Long, D.S. 2011 Attridge, H.W.; Koeser, H. 1989 Sarpong, P.K. 1996 Sarpong, P.K. 2012 Ellingworth, P. 1993 Fee, G.D.; Strauss, D. 2003 1990 Sakitey, D.; Van Eck, E. 2023; 79 Sakitey, D. 2018 Porter, S.E.; Clarke, K.D.; Porter, S.E. 2007 Kuwornu-Adjaottor, J.E.T. 2012 Awoonor, K. 2006 Harris, D.M.; Kostenberger, A.J.; Yarbrough, R.W. 2019 |
| References_xml | – ident: ref1 – ident: ref5 – ident: ref7 – ident: ref20 – ident: ref3 doi: 10.2307/j.ctv1ddcs7r – ident: ref23 doi: 10.4102/hts.v79i4.8946 – ident: ref24 – ident: ref25 – ident: ref27 – ident: ref22 doi: 10.4102/hts.v77i1.6408 – ident: ref9 – ident: ref19 – ident: ref15 doi: 10.5040/bci-0047 – ident: ref11 – ident: ref17 – ident: ref13 – ident: ref4 – ident: ref2 – ident: ref6 – ident: ref8 doi: 10.1177/0142064X07081547 – ident: ref21 – ident: ref26 – ident: ref18 – ident: ref0 – ident: ref16 – ident: ref10 – ident: ref12 – ident: ref14 – year: 2003 publication-title: How to read the Bible for all its worth – year: 2005 publication-title: NIV Archaeological study Bible – year: 2012 publication-title: Odds Customs: Stereotypes and Prejudices – start-page: 523 year: 1979 end-page: 551 publication-title: New International Bible Commentary – year: 2000 publication-title: Jesus in Africa: The Christian gospel in African history and experience – year: 2012 publication-title: 'Doing African biblical studies with the mother tongue Biblical hermeneutic approach' – year: 2006 publication-title: Holy Bible in Ewe – start-page: 11 year: 2019 end-page: 17 publication-title: Exegetical guide to the Greek New Testament – volume: IV year: 1964 publication-title: Theological Dictionary of the New Testament – start-page: 1491 year: 2006 end-page: 1508 publication-title: Africa Bible commentary – start-page: 35 year: 1989 end-page: 48 publication-title: Hermeneia: A critical and historical commentary on the Bible – year: 1972 publication-title: To the Hebrews – volume: 30 start-page: 75 year: 2007 end-page: 93 publication-title: Journal of the New Testament Society of South Africa – start-page: 3 year: 2007 end-page: 21 publication-title: A handbook to the exegesis of the New Testament – year: 1990 publication-title: New Testament in Ewe – year: 1993 publication-title: The Epistle to the Hebrews – year: 1906 publication-title: The Ewe people: A study of the Ewe people in German Togo – year: 2011 publication-title: Hebrews – volume: 77 start-page: a6408 issue: 1 year: 2021 article-title: 'Καί άφες ήμΐυ τα όφειλήματα ήμών ... the Lord's Prayer (Mt 6:12, Lk 11:4) and dispute resolution in the African church: The Ewe Ghanaian context and perspective', publication-title: HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies – year: 2006 publication-title: Hebrews: A commentary – year: 2018 publication-title: 'Matthew's version of the Lord's prayer in Ewe-Ghanaian context' – year: 1996 publication-title: Libation – start-page: 572 year: 2006 end-page: 604 publication-title: Africa Bible commentary – year: 1931 publication-title: Biblia alo PjDqh fokoe la le Eoegbe me – year: 2006 publication-title: The African predicament: Collected essays – volume: 79 start-page: a8946 issue: 4 year: 2023 article-title: 'The logos Christology in the fourth gospel (John 1:1-5, 14): A soteriological response to an Ewe cosmic prayer', publication-title: HTS Teologiese Studies/ Theological Studies – year: 1993 publication-title: The Greek New Testament – year: 2010 publication-title: The New Ewe Bible |
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| Snippet | This article examines the phrase, tosoutō kreittōn genomenos tōn angelōn (Heb 1:4a) (having become as much superior to the angels) in the exordium of the... This article examines the phrase, tosouto kreitton genomenos ton angelon (Heb 1:4a) (having become as much superior to the angels) in the exordium of the... This article examines the phrase, tosoutō kreittōn genomenos tōn angelōn (Heb 1:4a) (having become as much superior to the angels) in the exordium of the... This article examines the phrase, tosoutōkreittōn genomenos tōn angelōn (Heb 1:4a) (having become as much superior to the angels) in the exordium of the... |
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| SubjectTerms | Analysis Angels Bible and literature Bible as literature Biblical hermeneutics Christianity Christology Communication cosmic hierarchy Cosmology Deities ewe angelology God hebrews jesus and angels Jews Old Testament Religion spiritual protection Spirituality Writers |
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| Title | Jesus and the angels: A comparative reading of Hebrews 1:1–4 in light of Ewe angelology |
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