Diagnostic deep learning algorithms that use resting EEG to distinguish major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia from each other and from healthy volunteers

Mood disorders and schizophrenia affect millions worldwide. Currently, diagnosis is primarily determined by reported symptomatology. As symptoms may overlap, misdiagnosis is common, potentially leading to ineffective or destabilizing treatment. Diagnostic biomarkers could significantly improve clini...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of affective disorders Jg. 346; S. 285 - 298
Hauptverfasser: Ravan, Maryam, Noroozi, Amin, Sanchez, Mary Margarette, Borden, Lee, Alam, Nafia, Flor-Henry, Pierre, Colic, Sinisa, Khodayari-Rostamabad, Ahmad, Minuzzi, Luciano, Hasey, Gary
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Veröffentlicht: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.02.2024
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ISSN:0165-0327, 1573-2517, 1573-2517
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Abstract Mood disorders and schizophrenia affect millions worldwide. Currently, diagnosis is primarily determined by reported symptomatology. As symptoms may overlap, misdiagnosis is common, potentially leading to ineffective or destabilizing treatment. Diagnostic biomarkers could significantly improve clinical care by reducing dependence on symptomatic presentation. We used deep learning analysis (DLA) of resting electroencephalograph (EEG) to differentiate healthy control (HC) subjects (N = 239), from those with major depressive disorder (MDD) (N = 105), MDD-atypical (MDD-A) (N = 27), MDD-psychotic (MDD-P) (N = 35), bipolar disorder-depressed episode (BD-DE) (N = 71), BD-manic episode (BD-ME) (N = 49), and schizophrenia (SCZ) (N = 122) and also differentiate subjects with mental disorders on a pair-wise basis. DSM-III-R diagnoses were determined and supplemented by computerized Quick Diagnostic Interview Schedule. After EEG preprocessing, robust exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (ReLORETA) computed EEG sources for 82 brain regions. 20 % of all subjects were then set aside for independent testing. Feature selection methods were then used for the remaining subjects to identify brain source regions that are discriminating between diagnostic categories. Pair-wise classification accuracies between 90 % and 100 % were obtained using independent test subjects whose data were not used for training purposes. The most frequently selected features across various pairs are in the postcentral, supramarginal, and fusiform gyri, the hypothalamus, and the left cuneus. Brain sites discriminating SCZ from HC were mainly in the left hemisphere while those separating BD-ME from HC were on the right. The use of superseded DSM-III-R diagnostic system and relatively small sample size in some disorder categories that may increase the risk of overestimation. DLA of EEG could be trained to autonomously classify psychiatric disorders with over 90 % accuracy compared to an expert clinical team using standardized operational methods. •Developing a novel deep-learning algorithm to differentiate different mental disorders•Using robust exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography for source localization•Differentiating mental disorders with more than 90 % accuracy
AbstractList AbstractBackgroundMood disorders and schizophrenia affect millions worldwide. Currently, diagnosis is primarily determined by reported symptomatology. As symptoms may overlap, misdiagnosis is common, potentially leading to ineffective or destabilizing treatment. Diagnostic biomarkers could significantly improve clinical care by reducing dependence on symptomatic presentation. MethodsWe used deep learning analysis (DLA) of resting electroencephalograph (EEG) to differentiate healthy control (HC) subjects (N = 239), from those with major depressive disorder (MDD) (N = 105), MDD-atypical (MDD-A) (N = 27), MDD-psychotic (MDD-P) (N = 35), bipolar disorder-depressed episode (BD-DE) (N = 71), BD-manic episode (BD-ME) (N = 49), and schizophrenia (SCZ) (N = 122) and also differentiate subjects with mental disorders on a pair-wise basis. DSM-III-R diagnoses were determined and supplemented by computerized Quick Diagnostic Interview Schedule. After EEG preprocessing, robust exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (ReLORETA) computed EEG sources for 82 brain regions. 20 % of all subjects were then set aside for independent testing. Feature selection methods were then used for the remaining subjects to identify brain source regions that are discriminating between diagnostic categories. ResultsPair-wise classification accuracies between 90 % and 100 % were obtained using independent test subjects whose data were not used for training purposes. The most frequently selected features across various pairs are in the postcentral, supramarginal, and fusiform gyri, the hypothalamus, and the left cuneus. Brain sites discriminating SCZ from HC were mainly in the left hemisphere while those separating BD-ME from HC were on the right. LimitationsThe use of superseded DSM-III-R diagnostic system and relatively small sample size in some disorder categories that may increase the risk of overestimation. ConclusionsDLA of EEG could be trained to autonomously classify psychiatric disorders with over 90 % accuracy compared to an expert clinical team using standardized operational methods.
Mood disorders and schizophrenia affect millions worldwide. Currently, diagnosis is primarily determined by reported symptomatology. As symptoms may overlap, misdiagnosis is common, potentially leading to ineffective or destabilizing treatment. Diagnostic biomarkers could significantly improve clinical care by reducing dependence on symptomatic presentation. We used deep learning analysis (DLA) of resting electroencephalograph (EEG) to differentiate healthy control (HC) subjects (N = 239), from those with major depressive disorder (MDD) (N = 105), MDD-atypical (MDD-A) (N = 27), MDD-psychotic (MDD-P) (N = 35), bipolar disorder-depressed episode (BD-DE) (N = 71), BD-manic episode (BD-ME) (N = 49), and schizophrenia (SCZ) (N = 122) and also differentiate subjects with mental disorders on a pair-wise basis. DSM-III-R diagnoses were determined and supplemented by computerized Quick Diagnostic Interview Schedule. After EEG preprocessing, robust exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (ReLORETA) computed EEG sources for 82 brain regions. 20 % of all subjects were then set aside for independent testing. Feature selection methods were then used for the remaining subjects to identify brain source regions that are discriminating between diagnostic categories. Pair-wise classification accuracies between 90 % and 100 % were obtained using independent test subjects whose data were not used for training purposes. The most frequently selected features across various pairs are in the postcentral, supramarginal, and fusiform gyri, the hypothalamus, and the left cuneus. Brain sites discriminating SCZ from HC were mainly in the left hemisphere while those separating BD-ME from HC were on the right. The use of superseded DSM-III-R diagnostic system and relatively small sample size in some disorder categories that may increase the risk of overestimation. DLA of EEG could be trained to autonomously classify psychiatric disorders with over 90 % accuracy compared to an expert clinical team using standardized operational methods. •Developing a novel deep-learning algorithm to differentiate different mental disorders•Using robust exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography for source localization•Differentiating mental disorders with more than 90 % accuracy
Mood disorders and schizophrenia affect millions worldwide. Currently, diagnosis is primarily determined by reported symptomatology. As symptoms may overlap, misdiagnosis is common, potentially leading to ineffective or destabilizing treatment. Diagnostic biomarkers could significantly improve clinical care by reducing dependence on symptomatic presentation. We used deep learning analysis (DLA) of resting electroencephalograph (EEG) to differentiate healthy control (HC) subjects (N = 239), from those with major depressive disorder (MDD) (N = 105), MDD-atypical (MDD-A) (N = 27), MDD-psychotic (MDD-P) (N = 35), bipolar disorder-depressed episode (BD-DE) (N = 71), BD-manic episode (BD-ME) (N = 49), and schizophrenia (SCZ) (N = 122) and also differentiate subjects with mental disorders on a pair-wise basis. DSM-III-R diagnoses were determined and supplemented by computerized Quick Diagnostic Interview Schedule. After EEG preprocessing, robust exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (ReLORETA) computed EEG sources for 82 brain regions. 20 % of all subjects were then set aside for independent testing. Feature selection methods were then used for the remaining subjects to identify brain source regions that are discriminating between diagnostic categories. Pair-wise classification accuracies between 90 % and 100 % were obtained using independent test subjects whose data were not used for training purposes. The most frequently selected features across various pairs are in the postcentral, supramarginal, and fusiform gyri, the hypothalamus, and the left cuneus. Brain sites discriminating SCZ from HC were mainly in the left hemisphere while those separating BD-ME from HC were on the right. The use of superseded DSM-III-R diagnostic system and relatively small sample size in some disorder categories that may increase the risk of overestimation. DLA of EEG could be trained to autonomously classify psychiatric disorders with over 90 % accuracy compared to an expert clinical team using standardized operational methods.
Mood disorders and schizophrenia affect millions worldwide. Currently, diagnosis is primarily determined by reported symptomatology. As symptoms may overlap, misdiagnosis is common, potentially leading to ineffective or destabilizing treatment. Diagnostic biomarkers could significantly improve clinical care by reducing dependence on symptomatic presentation.BACKGROUNDMood disorders and schizophrenia affect millions worldwide. Currently, diagnosis is primarily determined by reported symptomatology. As symptoms may overlap, misdiagnosis is common, potentially leading to ineffective or destabilizing treatment. Diagnostic biomarkers could significantly improve clinical care by reducing dependence on symptomatic presentation.We used deep learning analysis (DLA) of resting electroencephalograph (EEG) to differentiate healthy control (HC) subjects (N = 239), from those with major depressive disorder (MDD) (N = 105), MDD-atypical (MDD-A) (N = 27), MDD-psychotic (MDD-P) (N = 35), bipolar disorder-depressed episode (BD-DE) (N = 71), BD-manic episode (BD-ME) (N = 49), and schizophrenia (SCZ) (N = 122) and also differentiate subjects with mental disorders on a pair-wise basis. DSM-III-R diagnoses were determined and supplemented by computerized Quick Diagnostic Interview Schedule. After EEG preprocessing, robust exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (ReLORETA) computed EEG sources for 82 brain regions. 20 % of all subjects were then set aside for independent testing. Feature selection methods were then used for the remaining subjects to identify brain source regions that are discriminating between diagnostic categories.METHODSWe used deep learning analysis (DLA) of resting electroencephalograph (EEG) to differentiate healthy control (HC) subjects (N = 239), from those with major depressive disorder (MDD) (N = 105), MDD-atypical (MDD-A) (N = 27), MDD-psychotic (MDD-P) (N = 35), bipolar disorder-depressed episode (BD-DE) (N = 71), BD-manic episode (BD-ME) (N = 49), and schizophrenia (SCZ) (N = 122) and also differentiate subjects with mental disorders on a pair-wise basis. DSM-III-R diagnoses were determined and supplemented by computerized Quick Diagnostic Interview Schedule. After EEG preprocessing, robust exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (ReLORETA) computed EEG sources for 82 brain regions. 20 % of all subjects were then set aside for independent testing. Feature selection methods were then used for the remaining subjects to identify brain source regions that are discriminating between diagnostic categories.Pair-wise classification accuracies between 90 % and 100 % were obtained using independent test subjects whose data were not used for training purposes. The most frequently selected features across various pairs are in the postcentral, supramarginal, and fusiform gyri, the hypothalamus, and the left cuneus. Brain sites discriminating SCZ from HC were mainly in the left hemisphere while those separating BD-ME from HC were on the right.RESULTSPair-wise classification accuracies between 90 % and 100 % were obtained using independent test subjects whose data were not used for training purposes. The most frequently selected features across various pairs are in the postcentral, supramarginal, and fusiform gyri, the hypothalamus, and the left cuneus. Brain sites discriminating SCZ from HC were mainly in the left hemisphere while those separating BD-ME from HC were on the right.The use of superseded DSM-III-R diagnostic system and relatively small sample size in some disorder categories that may increase the risk of overestimation.LIMITATIONSThe use of superseded DSM-III-R diagnostic system and relatively small sample size in some disorder categories that may increase the risk of overestimation.DLA of EEG could be trained to autonomously classify psychiatric disorders with over 90 % accuracy compared to an expert clinical team using standardized operational methods.CONCLUSIONSDLA of EEG could be trained to autonomously classify psychiatric disorders with over 90 % accuracy compared to an expert clinical team using standardized operational methods.
Author Alam, Nafia
Borden, Lee
Ravan, Maryam
Hasey, Gary
Noroozi, Amin
Colic, Sinisa
Minuzzi, Luciano
Flor-Henry, Pierre
Khodayari-Rostamabad, Ahmad
Sanchez, Mary Margarette
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  givenname: Amin
  surname: Noroozi
  fullname: Noroozi, Amin
  organization: Department of Digital, Technologies, and Arts, Staffordshire University, Staffordshire, England, UK
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  givenname: Mary Margarette
  surname: Sanchez
  fullname: Sanchez, Mary Margarette
  organization: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York Institute of Technology, New York, NY, USA
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  givenname: Lee
  surname: Borden
  fullname: Borden, Lee
  organization: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York Institute of Technology, New York, NY, USA
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  surname: Alam
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  organization: Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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  surname: Colic
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  surname: Khodayari-Rostamabad
  fullname: Khodayari-Rostamabad, Ahmad
  organization: Walmart Global Tech, USA
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  surname: Minuzzi
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  givenname: Gary
  surname: Hasey
  fullname: Hasey, Gary
  organization: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37963517$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Mood disorders and schizophrenia affect millions worldwide. Currently, diagnosis is primarily determined by reported symptomatology. As symptoms may overlap,...
AbstractBackgroundMood disorders and schizophrenia affect millions worldwide. Currently, diagnosis is primarily determined by reported symptomatology. As...
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SubjectTerms Bipolar Disorder - diagnosis
Deep Learning
Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis
Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology
Electroencephalography
Healthy Volunteers
Humans
Psychiatric/Mental Health
Schizophrenia - diagnosis
Title Diagnostic deep learning algorithms that use resting EEG to distinguish major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia from each other and from healthy volunteers
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