Unraveling Audiovisual Perception Across Space and Time: A Neuroinspired Computational Architecture

ABSTRACT Accurate perception of audiovisual stimuli depends crucially on the spatial and temporal properties of each sensory component, with multisensory enhancement only occurring if those components are presented in spatiotemporal congruency. Although spatial localization and temporal detection of...

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Published in:	The European journal of neuroscience Vol. 62; no. 3; pp. e70217 - n/a
Main Authors:	Cuppini, Cristiano, Di Rosa, Eleonore F., Astolfi, Laura, Monti, Melissa
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	France Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.08.2025 John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subjects:	Acoustic Stimulation audiovisual processing Auditory Perception - physiology computational modelling Computer Simulation Humans Interstimulus interval Localization Models, Neurological multisensory integration Neural coding Photic Stimulation Research Report Sensory integration Space Perception - physiology Spatial discrimination spatial ventriloquism switch cost Temporal perception Visual Perception - physiology computational modelling multisensory integration audiovisual processing spatial ventriloquism switch cost
ISSN:	0953-816X, 1460-9568, 1460-9568
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Abstract	ABSTRACT Accurate perception of audiovisual stimuli depends crucially on the spatial and temporal properties of each sensory component, with multisensory enhancement only occurring if those components are presented in spatiotemporal congruency. Although spatial localization and temporal detection of audiovisual signals have each been extensively studied, the neural mechanisms underlying their joint influence, particularly in spatiotemporally misaligned contexts, remain poorly understood. Moreover, empirical dissection of their respective contributions to behavioral outcomes proves challenging when spatial and temporal disparities are introduced concurrently. Here, we sought to elucidate the mutual interaction of temporal and spatial offsets on the neural encoding of audiovisual stimuli. To this end, we developed a biologically inspired neurocomputational model that reproduces behavioral evidence of perceptual phenomena observed in audiovisual tasks, i.e., the modality switch effect (temporal realm) and the ventriloquist effect (spatial realm). Tested against the race model, our network successfully simulates multisensory enhancement in reaction times due to the concurrent presentation of cross‐modal stimuli. Further investigation on the mechanisms implemented in the network upheld the centrality of cross‐sensory inhibition in explaining modality switch effects and of cross‐modal and lateral intra‐area connections in regulating the evolution of these effects in space. Finally, the model predicts an amelioration in temporal detection of different modality stimuli with increasing between‐stimuli eccentricity and indicates a plausible reduction in auditory localization bias for increasing interstimulus interval between spatially disparate cues. Our findings provide novel insights into the neural computations underlying audiovisual perception and offer a comprehensive predictive framework to guide future experimental investigations of multisensory integration. Fitted on auditory localization and reaction time task data, our neurocomputational model aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying multisensory perception in the entire spatiotemporal domain, predicting how spatial and temporal factors interact to modulate sensory perception. A is for Auditory, V for Visual, AV for Audiovisual, Sw for a trial comprising two sequential stimuli of different sensory modalities, Rp for the same sensory modality (e.g., in SwA, V is followed by A).
AbstractList	Accurate perception of audiovisual stimuli depends crucially on the spatial and temporal properties of each sensory component, with multisensory enhancement only occurring if those components are presented in spatiotemporal congruency. Although spatial localization and temporal detection of audiovisual signals have each been extensively studied, the neural mechanisms underlying their joint influence, particularly in spatiotemporally misaligned contexts, remain poorly understood. Moreover, empirical dissection of their respective contributions to behavioral outcomes proves challenging when spatial and temporal disparities are introduced concurrently. Here, we sought to elucidate the mutual interaction of temporal and spatial offsets on the neural encoding of audiovisual stimuli. To this end, we developed a biologically inspired neurocomputational model that reproduces behavioral evidence of perceptual phenomena observed in audiovisual tasks, i.e., the modality switch effect (temporal realm) and the ventriloquist effect (spatial realm). Tested against the race model, our network successfully simulates multisensory enhancement in reaction times due to the concurrent presentation of cross‐modal stimuli. Further investigation on the mechanisms implemented in the network upheld the centrality of cross‐sensory inhibition in explaining modality switch effects and of cross‐modal and lateral intra‐area connections in regulating the evolution of these effects in space. Finally, the model predicts an amelioration in temporal detection of different modality stimuli with increasing between‐stimuli eccentricity and indicates a plausible reduction in auditory localization bias for increasing interstimulus interval between spatially disparate cues. Our findings provide novel insights into the neural computations underlying audiovisual perception and offer a comprehensive predictive framework to guide future experimental investigations of multisensory integration. ABSTRACT Accurate perception of audiovisual stimuli depends crucially on the spatial and temporal properties of each sensory component, with multisensory enhancement only occurring if those components are presented in spatiotemporal congruency. Although spatial localization and temporal detection of audiovisual signals have each been extensively studied, the neural mechanisms underlying their joint influence, particularly in spatiotemporally misaligned contexts, remain poorly understood. Moreover, empirical dissection of their respective contributions to behavioral outcomes proves challenging when spatial and temporal disparities are introduced concurrently. Here, we sought to elucidate the mutual interaction of temporal and spatial offsets on the neural encoding of audiovisual stimuli. To this end, we developed a biologically inspired neurocomputational model that reproduces behavioral evidence of perceptual phenomena observed in audiovisual tasks, i.e., the modality switch effect (temporal realm) and the ventriloquist effect (spatial realm). Tested against the race model, our network successfully simulates multisensory enhancement in reaction times due to the concurrent presentation of cross‐modal stimuli. Further investigation on the mechanisms implemented in the network upheld the centrality of cross‐sensory inhibition in explaining modality switch effects and of cross‐modal and lateral intra‐area connections in regulating the evolution of these effects in space. Finally, the model predicts an amelioration in temporal detection of different modality stimuli with increasing between‐stimuli eccentricity and indicates a plausible reduction in auditory localization bias for increasing interstimulus interval between spatially disparate cues. Our findings provide novel insights into the neural computations underlying audiovisual perception and offer a comprehensive predictive framework to guide future experimental investigations of multisensory integration. Fitted on auditory localization and reaction time task data, our neurocomputational model aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying multisensory perception in the entire spatiotemporal domain, predicting how spatial and temporal factors interact to modulate sensory perception. A is for Auditory, V for Visual, AV for Audiovisual, Sw for a trial comprising two sequential stimuli of different sensory modalities, Rp for the same sensory modality (e.g., in SwA, V is followed by A). Accurate perception of audiovisual stimuli depends crucially on the spatial and temporal properties of each sensory component, with multisensory enhancement only occurring if those components are presented in spatiotemporal congruency. Although spatial localization and temporal detection of audiovisual signals have each been extensively studied, the neural mechanisms underlying their joint influence, particularly in spatiotemporally misaligned contexts, remain poorly understood. Moreover, empirical dissection of their respective contributions to behavioral outcomes proves challenging when spatial and temporal disparities are introduced concurrently. Here, we sought to elucidate the mutual interaction of temporal and spatial offsets on the neural encoding of audiovisual stimuli. To this end, we developed a biologically inspired neurocomputational model that reproduces behavioral evidence of perceptual phenomena observed in audiovisual tasks, i.e., the modality switch effect (temporal realm) and the ventriloquist effect (spatial realm). Tested against the race model, our network successfully simulates multisensory enhancement in reaction times due to the concurrent presentation of cross‐modal stimuli. Further investigation on the mechanisms implemented in the network upheld the centrality of cross‐sensory inhibition in explaining modality switch effects and of cross‐modal and lateral intra‐area connections in regulating the evolution of these effects in space. Finally, the model predicts an amelioration in temporal detection of different modality stimuli with increasing between‐stimuli eccentricity and indicates a plausible reduction in auditory localization bias for increasing interstimulus interval between spatially disparate cues. Our findings provide novel insights into the neural computations underlying audiovisual perception and offer a comprehensive predictive framework to guide future experimental investigations of multisensory integration. Fitted on auditory localization and reaction time task data, our neurocomputational model aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying multisensory perception in the entire spatiotemporal domain, predicting how spatial and temporal factors interact to modulate sensory perception. A is for Auditory, V for Visual, AV for Audiovisual, Sw for a trial comprising two sequential stimuli of different sensory modalities, Rp for the same sensory modality (e.g., in SwA, V is followed by A). Accurate perception of audiovisual stimuli depends crucially on the spatial and temporal properties of each sensory component, with multisensory enhancement only occurring if those components are presented in spatiotemporal congruency. Although spatial localization and temporal detection of audiovisual signals have each been extensively studied, the neural mechanisms underlying their joint influence, particularly in spatiotemporally misaligned contexts, remain poorly understood. Moreover, empirical dissection of their respective contributions to behavioral outcomes proves challenging when spatial and temporal disparities are introduced concurrently. Here, we sought to elucidate the mutual interaction of temporal and spatial offsets on the neural encoding of audiovisual stimuli. To this end, we developed a biologically inspired neurocomputational model that reproduces behavioral evidence of perceptual phenomena observed in audiovisual tasks, i.e., the modality switch effect (temporal realm) and the ventriloquist effect (spatial realm). Tested against the race model, our network successfully simulates multisensory enhancement in reaction times due to the concurrent presentation of cross-modal stimuli. Further investigation on the mechanisms implemented in the network upheld the centrality of cross-sensory inhibition in explaining modality switch effects and of cross-modal and lateral intra-area connections in regulating the evolution of these effects in space. Finally, the model predicts an amelioration in temporal detection of different modality stimuli with increasing between-stimuli eccentricity and indicates a plausible reduction in auditory localization bias for increasing interstimulus interval between spatially disparate cues. Our findings provide novel insights into the neural computations underlying audiovisual perception and offer a comprehensive predictive framework to guide future experimental investigations of multisensory integration.Accurate perception of audiovisual stimuli depends crucially on the spatial and temporal properties of each sensory component, with multisensory enhancement only occurring if those components are presented in spatiotemporal congruency. Although spatial localization and temporal detection of audiovisual signals have each been extensively studied, the neural mechanisms underlying their joint influence, particularly in spatiotemporally misaligned contexts, remain poorly understood. Moreover, empirical dissection of their respective contributions to behavioral outcomes proves challenging when spatial and temporal disparities are introduced concurrently. Here, we sought to elucidate the mutual interaction of temporal and spatial offsets on the neural encoding of audiovisual stimuli. To this end, we developed a biologically inspired neurocomputational model that reproduces behavioral evidence of perceptual phenomena observed in audiovisual tasks, i.e., the modality switch effect (temporal realm) and the ventriloquist effect (spatial realm). Tested against the race model, our network successfully simulates multisensory enhancement in reaction times due to the concurrent presentation of cross-modal stimuli. Further investigation on the mechanisms implemented in the network upheld the centrality of cross-sensory inhibition in explaining modality switch effects and of cross-modal and lateral intra-area connections in regulating the evolution of these effects in space. Finally, the model predicts an amelioration in temporal detection of different modality stimuli with increasing between-stimuli eccentricity and indicates a plausible reduction in auditory localization bias for increasing interstimulus interval between spatially disparate cues. Our findings provide novel insights into the neural computations underlying audiovisual perception and offer a comprehensive predictive framework to guide future experimental investigations of multisensory integration.
Author	Di Rosa, Eleonore F. Cuppini, Cristiano Astolfi, Laura Monti, Melissa
AuthorAffiliation	2 Department of Translational Neuroscience Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA 1 Department of Electrical Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna Bologna Italy 3 Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering University of Rome La Sapienza Rome Italy
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 Department of Electrical Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna Bologna Italy – name: 2 Department of Translational Neuroscience Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA – name: 3 Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering University of Rome La Sapienza Rome Italy
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Cristiano orcidid: 0000-0002-6529-2599 surname: Cuppini fullname: Cuppini, Cristiano email: cristiano.cuppini@unibo.it organization: Wake Forest University School of Medicine – sequence: 2 givenname: Eleonore F. surname: Di Rosa fullname: Di Rosa, Eleonore F. organization: University of Rome La Sapienza – sequence: 3 givenname: Laura surname: Astolfi fullname: Astolfi, Laura organization: University of Rome La Sapienza – sequence: 4 givenname: Melissa orcidid: 0009-0007-1280-534X surname: Monti fullname: Monti, Melissa organization: Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna
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Snippet	ABSTRACT Accurate perception of audiovisual stimuli depends crucially on the spatial and temporal properties of each sensory component, with multisensory... Accurate perception of audiovisual stimuli depends crucially on the spatial and temporal properties of each sensory component, with multisensory enhancement...
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SubjectTerms	Acoustic Stimulation audiovisual processing Auditory Perception - physiology computational modelling Computer Simulation Humans Interstimulus interval Localization Models, Neurological multisensory integration Neural coding Photic Stimulation Research Report Sensory integration Space Perception - physiology Spatial discrimination spatial ventriloquism switch cost Temporal perception Visual Perception - physiology
Title	Unraveling Audiovisual Perception Across Space and Time: A Neuroinspired Computational Architecture
URI	https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fejn.70217 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40765121 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3239296415 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3237001595 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC12326128
Volume	62
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