Reduced-impact logging in Borneo to minimize carbon emissions and impacts on sensitive habitats while maintaining timber yields
•RIL-C practices reduce emissions by 33% to 46% by improving logging efficiency.•Sensitive habitats can be protected from logging without reducing timber yields.•These offer large outcomes for Paris Climate Agreement and Aichi targets. We define two implementation levels for reduced-impact logging f...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Forest ecology and management Jg. 438; S. 176 - 185 |
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Elsevier B.V
15.04.2019
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| Abstract | •RIL-C practices reduce emissions by 33% to 46% by improving logging efficiency.•Sensitive habitats can be protected from logging without reducing timber yields.•These offer large outcomes for Paris Climate Agreement and Aichi targets.
We define two implementation levels for reduced-impact logging for climate mitigation (RIL-C) practices for felling, skidding, and hauling in dipterocarp forest concessions of East and North Kalimantan. Each implementation level reduces logging emissions by a consistent proportion below the business-as-usual emissions baseline, which varies with harvest intensity. Level 1 reflects the best recorded emissions performance for each type of practice. Level 2 is more ambitious but feasible based on workshop feedback from concession managers and forestry experts, and confirmed by a recent demonstration. At Level 1 emissions can be reduced by 33%, avoiding emissions of 64.9 ± 22.2 MgCO2 per ha harvested, on average. At Level 2 emissions can be reduced by 46%, avoiding 88.6 ± 22.7 MgCO2 ha−1. The greatest emissions reductions derive from (i) not felling trees that will be left in the forest due to commercial defects, and (ii) use of long-line cable winching to avoid bulldozer impacts.
We also quantify the potential to avoid logging steep slopes and riparian habitats, while holding to our RIL-C accounting assumption that timber yields are maintained to avoid problems of leakage and product substitution. Logging damage to riparian areas <50 m from perennial streams could be avoided by re-locating harvests to less sensitive areas that currently are not accessed due to lack of spatial planning. In all but the steepest concessions, all slopes >40% could similarly be avoided. The combined areas of these sensitive habitats (steep slopes and riparian buffers) represented 16% of each cutting block on average.
Implementation of RIL-C practices would deliver 8% (Level 1) and 11% (Level 2) of Indonesia’s pledged reductions to their forest reference emissions level as a nationally determined contribution to the Paris Climate Agreement. In concert with RIL-C practices, 30% of logging concession areas could be permanently protected from logging and conversion to minimize impacts on biodiversity, soils, and water quality, thereby expanding Indonesia’s protected areas by one third and achieving 93% of Indonesia’s Aichi Target 11 (the effective conservation of at least 17% of lands). Both these Paris Climate Agreement and Aichi outcomes could be delivered with no reductions in timber yields and substantial improvements in worker safety and sustainability of the natural forest timber sector. |
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| AbstractList | •RIL-C practices reduce emissions by 33% to 46% by improving logging efficiency.•Sensitive habitats can be protected from logging without reducing timber yields.•These offer large outcomes for Paris Climate Agreement and Aichi targets.
We define two implementation levels for reduced-impact logging for climate mitigation (RIL-C) practices for felling, skidding, and hauling in dipterocarp forest concessions of East and North Kalimantan. Each implementation level reduces logging emissions by a consistent proportion below the business-as-usual emissions baseline, which varies with harvest intensity. Level 1 reflects the best recorded emissions performance for each type of practice. Level 2 is more ambitious but feasible based on workshop feedback from concession managers and forestry experts, and confirmed by a recent demonstration. At Level 1 emissions can be reduced by 33%, avoiding emissions of 64.9 ± 22.2 MgCO2 per ha harvested, on average. At Level 2 emissions can be reduced by 46%, avoiding 88.6 ± 22.7 MgCO2 ha−1. The greatest emissions reductions derive from (i) not felling trees that will be left in the forest due to commercial defects, and (ii) use of long-line cable winching to avoid bulldozer impacts.
We also quantify the potential to avoid logging steep slopes and riparian habitats, while holding to our RIL-C accounting assumption that timber yields are maintained to avoid problems of leakage and product substitution. Logging damage to riparian areas <50 m from perennial streams could be avoided by re-locating harvests to less sensitive areas that currently are not accessed due to lack of spatial planning. In all but the steepest concessions, all slopes >40% could similarly be avoided. The combined areas of these sensitive habitats (steep slopes and riparian buffers) represented 16% of each cutting block on average.
Implementation of RIL-C practices would deliver 8% (Level 1) and 11% (Level 2) of Indonesia’s pledged reductions to their forest reference emissions level as a nationally determined contribution to the Paris Climate Agreement. In concert with RIL-C practices, 30% of logging concession areas could be permanently protected from logging and conversion to minimize impacts on biodiversity, soils, and water quality, thereby expanding Indonesia’s protected areas by one third and achieving 93% of Indonesia’s Aichi Target 11 (the effective conservation of at least 17% of lands). Both these Paris Climate Agreement and Aichi outcomes could be delivered with no reductions in timber yields and substantial improvements in worker safety and sustainability of the natural forest timber sector. We define two implementation levels for reduced-impact logging for climate mitigation (RIL-C) practices for felling, skidding, and hauling in dipterocarp forest concessions of East and North Kalimantan. Each implementation level reduces logging emissions by a consistent proportion below the business-as-usual emissions baseline, which varies with harvest intensity. Level 1 reflects the best recorded emissions performance for each type of practice. Level 2 is more ambitious but feasible based on workshop feedback from concession managers and forestry experts, and confirmed by a recent demonstration. At Level 1 emissions can be reduced by 33%, avoiding emissions of 64.9 ± 22.2 MgCO2 per ha harvested, on average. At Level 2 emissions can be reduced by 46%, avoiding 88.6 ± 22.7 MgCO2 ha−1. The greatest emissions reductions derive from (i) not felling trees that will be left in the forest due to commercial defects, and (ii) use of long-line cable winching to avoid bulldozer impacts.We also quantify the potential to avoid logging steep slopes and riparian habitats, while holding to our RIL-C accounting assumption that timber yields are maintained to avoid problems of leakage and product substitution. Logging damage to riparian areas <50 m from perennial streams could be avoided by re-locating harvests to less sensitive areas that currently are not accessed due to lack of spatial planning. In all but the steepest concessions, all slopes >40% could similarly be avoided. The combined areas of these sensitive habitats (steep slopes and riparian buffers) represented 16% of each cutting block on average.Implementation of RIL-C practices would deliver 8% (Level 1) and 11% (Level 2) of Indonesia’s pledged reductions to their forest reference emissions level as a nationally determined contribution to the Paris Climate Agreement. In concert with RIL-C practices, 30% of logging concession areas could be permanently protected from logging and conversion to minimize impacts on biodiversity, soils, and water quality, thereby expanding Indonesia’s protected areas by one third and achieving 93% of Indonesia’s Aichi Target 11 (the effective conservation of at least 17% of lands). Both these Paris Climate Agreement and Aichi outcomes could be delivered with no reductions in timber yields and substantial improvements in worker safety and sustainability of the natural forest timber sector. |
| Author | Runting, Rebecca K. Burivalova, Zuzana Shoch, David Putz, Francis E. Marthinus, Delon Ellis, Peter W. Griscom, Bronson W. Ruslandi Halperin, James |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Bronson W. surname: Griscom fullname: Griscom, Bronson W. email: bgriscom@tnc.org organization: The Nature Conservancy, 4245 Fairfax Avenue, Suite 100, Arlington, VA 22203-1606, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Peter W. surname: Ellis fullname: Ellis, Peter W. organization: The Nature Conservancy, 4245 Fairfax Avenue, Suite 100, Arlington, VA 22203-1606, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Zuzana surname: Burivalova fullname: Burivalova, Zuzana organization: Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs & Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton 08540 NJ, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: James surname: Halperin fullname: Halperin, James organization: US Agency for International Development, US Embassy Jakarta, Jl. Medan Merdeka, Selatan 3-5, Jakarta 10110, Indonesia – sequence: 5 givenname: Delon surname: Marthinus fullname: Marthinus, Delon organization: Governor’s Climate and Forests Task Force, Jakarta, Indonesia – sequence: 6 givenname: Rebecca K. orcidid: 0000-0003-0614-1456 surname: Runting fullname: Runting, Rebecca K. organization: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia – sequence: 7 surname: Ruslandi fullname: Ruslandi organization: The Nature Conservancy, Graha Iskandarsyah 3rd Floor Jl. Iskandarsyah Raya No. 66C Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta 12160, Indonesia – sequence: 8 givenname: David surname: Shoch fullname: Shoch, David organization: Terracarbon LLC, 707 E Jefferson Street, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Francis E. surname: Putz fullname: Putz, Francis E. organization: Department of Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118526, Gainesville, FL 32611-8526, USA |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1007/s00267-012-0006-4 10.3390/f9090547 10.2753/JES1097-203X330403 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001043.x 10.1111/conl.12362 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.01.020 10.1016/j.foreco.2018.04.001 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.035 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90016-3 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060166 10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0461:IOPRDO]2.0.CO;2 10.1073/pnas.1105068108 10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03869-8 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.06.003 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.07.014 10.2737/SO-GTR-88 10.1111/cobi.12483 10.1016/j.cub.2014.06.065 10.1007/s00442-005-0100-x 10.1002/hyp.1364 10.1051/forest:2003075 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00870.x 10.1016/j.foreco.2017.01.019 10.1080/10549811.2013.839386 10.2307/2389193 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.07.010 10.1111/gcb.12386 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.031 |
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| Snippet | •RIL-C practices reduce emissions by 33% to 46% by improving logging efficiency.•Sensitive habitats can be protected from logging without reducing timber... We define two implementation levels for reduced-impact logging for climate mitigation (RIL-C) practices for felling, skidding, and hauling in dipterocarp... |
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| SubjectTerms | biodiversity Borneo carbon Carbon emissions climate Climate change mitigation conservation areas cutting Dipterocarpaceae emissions experts felling Forest degradation forestry forests habitats Indonesia occupational health and safety Paris Climate Agreement planning riparian areas riparian buffers soil streams trees Tropical forestry water quality |
| Title | Reduced-impact logging in Borneo to minimize carbon emissions and impacts on sensitive habitats while maintaining timber yields |
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