Selective logging emissions and potential emission reductions from reduced-impact logging in the Congo Basin

•We quantified baseline selective logging emissions in DRC, Gabon and Republic of Congo.•Selective logging transfered up to 9% of live AGB and BGB tree carbon biomass into necromass.•No significant difference between FSC and non-certified concessions.•Logging emissions represented 40% of total emiss...

Celý popis

Uloženo v:
Podrobná bibliografie
Vydáno v:Forest ecology and management Ročník 437; s. 360 - 371
Hlavní autoři: Umunay, Peter M., Gregoire, Timothy G., Gopalakrishna, Trisha, Ellis, Peter W., Putz, Francis E.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Elsevier B.V 01.04.2019
Témata:
ISSN:0378-1127, 1872-7042
On-line přístup:Získat plný text
Tagy: Přidat tag
Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!
Abstract •We quantified baseline selective logging emissions in DRC, Gabon and Republic of Congo.•Selective logging transfered up to 9% of live AGB and BGB tree carbon biomass into necromass.•No significant difference between FSC and non-certified concessions.•Logging emissions represented 40% of total emissions from deforestation.•Implementing RIL-C practices can cut half of emissions without reducing timber yields. To estimate carbon emissions from selective logging in Central Africa, we employed the reduced-impact logging for carbon emissions reductions (RIL-C) protocol to quantify baseline carbon emissions from legal timber harvests by source (i.e., hauling, skidding, and felling). We modeled the relationships between emissions and biophysical conditions, logging practices, and forest policies and then used these models to estimate potential emission reductions from full implementation of RIL-C practices. We applied the method in 8 forest management enterprises (FMEs; i.e., concessions) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), 9 in Gabon, and 6 in the Republic of Congo (RoC). Committed logging emissions expressed per cubic meter of timber harvested (to control for differences in logging intensities) ranged from 0.63 Mg C m−3 in a FME in RoC to 4.8 Mg C m−3 in a FME in Gabon, with an overall average of 2.1 Mg C m−3. Logging emissions were dominated by damage caused by road and log landing construction (i.e., hauling; 50%) and felling (43%; includes carbon in extracted logs). Total emissions represented only about 9% of unlogged forest biomass carbon stocks. Average emissions were highest in Gabon (2.65 Mg C m−3) followed by DRC (1.84 Mg C m−3) and RoC (1.54 Mg C m−3). Emissions from concessions certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC, N = 6) and those that were not certified (N = 17) did not differ. Nearly half (51%) of logging emissions could be avoided without reducing timber yields if all best examples of RIL-C logging practices observed were applied in the same FME. At the country level, if all FMEs were to utilize these practices, emissions reductions would be 34% in RoC, 45% in DRC, and 62% in Gabon. When combined with country-level logging statistics, emissions from selective logging as currently practiced in the six countries of the Congo Basin are equivalent to 40% of the region’s total emissions from deforestation.
AbstractList •We quantified baseline selective logging emissions in DRC, Gabon and Republic of Congo.•Selective logging transfered up to 9% of live AGB and BGB tree carbon biomass into necromass.•No significant difference between FSC and non-certified concessions.•Logging emissions represented 40% of total emissions from deforestation.•Implementing RIL-C practices can cut half of emissions without reducing timber yields. To estimate carbon emissions from selective logging in Central Africa, we employed the reduced-impact logging for carbon emissions reductions (RIL-C) protocol to quantify baseline carbon emissions from legal timber harvests by source (i.e., hauling, skidding, and felling). We modeled the relationships between emissions and biophysical conditions, logging practices, and forest policies and then used these models to estimate potential emission reductions from full implementation of RIL-C practices. We applied the method in 8 forest management enterprises (FMEs; i.e., concessions) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), 9 in Gabon, and 6 in the Republic of Congo (RoC). Committed logging emissions expressed per cubic meter of timber harvested (to control for differences in logging intensities) ranged from 0.63 Mg C m−3 in a FME in RoC to 4.8 Mg C m−3 in a FME in Gabon, with an overall average of 2.1 Mg C m−3. Logging emissions were dominated by damage caused by road and log landing construction (i.e., hauling; 50%) and felling (43%; includes carbon in extracted logs). Total emissions represented only about 9% of unlogged forest biomass carbon stocks. Average emissions were highest in Gabon (2.65 Mg C m−3) followed by DRC (1.84 Mg C m−3) and RoC (1.54 Mg C m−3). Emissions from concessions certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC, N = 6) and those that were not certified (N = 17) did not differ. Nearly half (51%) of logging emissions could be avoided without reducing timber yields if all best examples of RIL-C logging practices observed were applied in the same FME. At the country level, if all FMEs were to utilize these practices, emissions reductions would be 34% in RoC, 45% in DRC, and 62% in Gabon. When combined with country-level logging statistics, emissions from selective logging as currently practiced in the six countries of the Congo Basin are equivalent to 40% of the region’s total emissions from deforestation.
To estimate carbon emissions from selective logging in Central Africa, we employed the reduced-impact logging for carbon emissions reductions (RIL-C) protocol to quantify baseline carbon emissions from legal timber harvests by source (i.e., hauling, skidding, and felling). We modeled the relationships between emissions and biophysical conditions, logging practices, and forest policies and then used these models to estimate potential emission reductions from full implementation of RIL-C practices. We applied the method in 8 forest management enterprises (FMEs; i.e., concessions) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), 9 in Gabon, and 6 in the Republic of Congo (RoC). Committed logging emissions expressed per cubic meter of timber harvested (to control for differences in logging intensities) ranged from 0.63 Mg C m−3 in a FME in RoC to 4.8 Mg C m−3 in a FME in Gabon, with an overall average of 2.1 Mg C m−3. Logging emissions were dominated by damage caused by road and log landing construction (i.e., hauling; 50%) and felling (43%; includes carbon in extracted logs). Total emissions represented only about 9% of unlogged forest biomass carbon stocks. Average emissions were highest in Gabon (2.65 Mg C m−3) followed by DRC (1.84 Mg C m−3) and RoC (1.54 Mg C m−3). Emissions from concessions certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC, N = 6) and those that were not certified (N = 17) did not differ. Nearly half (51%) of logging emissions could be avoided without reducing timber yields if all best examples of RIL-C logging practices observed were applied in the same FME. At the country level, if all FMEs were to utilize these practices, emissions reductions would be 34% in RoC, 45% in DRC, and 62% in Gabon. When combined with country-level logging statistics, emissions from selective logging as currently practiced in the six countries of the Congo Basin are equivalent to 40% of the region’s total emissions from deforestation.
Author Umunay, Peter M.
Putz, Francis E.
Gopalakrishna, Trisha
Gregoire, Timothy G.
Ellis, Peter W.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Peter M.
  surname: Umunay
  fullname: Umunay, Peter M.
  email: peter.umunay@yale.edu
  organization: The School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 360 Prospect St, Yale University New Haven CT 06511, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Timothy G.
  surname: Gregoire
  fullname: Gregoire, Timothy G.
  organization: The School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 360 Prospect St, Yale University New Haven CT 06511, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Trisha
  surname: Gopalakrishna
  fullname: Gopalakrishna, Trisha
  organization: The Nature Conservancy, 4245 N Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Peter W.
  surname: Ellis
  fullname: Ellis, Peter W.
  organization: The Nature Conservancy, 4245 N Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Francis E.
  surname: Putz
  fullname: Putz, Francis E.
  organization: Department of Biology, University of Florida, PO 118526, Gainesville, FL 32611-8526, USA
BookMark eNqFkE1LAzEQhoNUsK3-Aw979LLrJNkmWw-CFr-g4EE9h2x2tqZsk5qkBf-9W1Y8eNDTMMP7vAzPhIycd0jIOYWCAhWX66L1AY0vGNB5AbSAcn5ExrSSLJdQshEZA5dVTimTJ2QS4xoAZrOyGpPuBTs0ye4x6_xqZd0qw42N0XoXM-2abOsTumR193PPAja7Hjkk2uA3w45NbjdbbdJPj3VZesds4d3KZ7c6WndKjlvdRTz7nlPydn_3unjMl88PT4ubZW5KmKW8FkJzhnIu6go1ZXQOosWSomkaUXIDhmqoBVRSm5YzJtvKMMFlXTOBHCifkouhdxv8xw5jUv3rBrtOO_S7qBhjUFV8JnkfLYeoCT7GgK3aBrvR4VNRUAe5aq0GueogVwFVvdweu_qFGZv0wUkK2nb_wdcDjL2DvcWgorHoeoW2zybVePt3wRe2uZwO
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1007_s11676_024_01817_4
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cub_2019_08_026
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10661_023_11802_9
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10533_020_00718_y
crossref_primary_10_3390_su17020792
crossref_primary_10_3390_f10080693
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jenvman_2023_119154
crossref_primary_10_1088_1748_9326_abd0a8
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foreco_2019_02_004
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_oneear_2024_01_021
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_isprsjprs_2023_08_006
crossref_primary_10_1088_1748_9326_ac2b5f
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foreco_2022_120440
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biocon_2024_110726
crossref_primary_10_1080_13416979_2022_2067618
crossref_primary_10_1186_s13021_024_00281_1
crossref_primary_10_3389_ffgc_2022_929281
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10668_021_01828_9
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41558_021_01198_0
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foreco_2021_119532
crossref_primary_10_1088_1748_9326_ad99ea
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rse_2024_114380
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foreco_2022_120650
crossref_primary_10_1111_1365_2664_14537
crossref_primary_10_3390_f16060953
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rse_2023_113655
crossref_primary_10_3390_f13050798
Cites_doi 10.5194/bg-9-2683-2012
10.1186/s13021-017-0072-2
10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.05.014
10.5194/bg-9-5125-2012
10.1139/x2012-129
10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00400.x
10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.024
10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024034
10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/044009
10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.031
10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.003
10.1007/s00267-012-0006-4
10.1016/j.foreco.2011.07.014
10.1016/j.foreco.2017.01.019
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02551.x
10.5751/ES-05443-180220
10.1126/science.aam5962
10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.7407551.x
10.1016/j.foreco.2018.04.001
10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085415
10.1073/pnas.1105068108
10.1073/pnas.1710465114
10.1007/BF02437204
10.1016/j.foreco.2016.06.003
10.5539/ijsp.v4n2p46
10.1016/j.foreco.2018.07.030
10.3390/f5071653
10.2307/2389193
10.3390/f6010203
10.1111/gcb.13087
10.1016/j.foreco.2016.01.020
10.1111/gcb.12386
10.1126/science.1217962
10.1111/gcb.13153
10.1111/gcb.12092
10.1186/1750-0680-6-13
10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.07.006
10.1126/science.1118051
10.1016/j.rse.2011.10.012
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V.
Copyright_xml – notice: 2019 Elsevier B.V.
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
7S9
L.6
DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049
DatabaseName CrossRef
AGRICOLA
AGRICOLA - Academic
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
AGRICOLA
AGRICOLA - Academic
DatabaseTitleList
AGRICOLA
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Biology
Forestry
Statistics
EISSN 1872-7042
EndPage 371
ExternalDocumentID 10_1016_j_foreco_2019_01_049
S0378112718321960
GeographicLocations Gabon
GeographicLocations_xml – name: Gabon
GroupedDBID --K
--M
.~1
0R~
1B1
1RT
1~.
1~5
4.4
457
4G.
53G
5GY
5VS
7-5
71M
8P~
9JM
AABNK
AABVA
AACTN
AAEDW
AAIAV
AAIKJ
AAKOC
AALRI
AAOAW
AAQFI
AATLK
AAXUO
ABFNM
ABFRF
ABFYP
ABGRD
ABJNI
ABLST
ABMAC
ABYKQ
ACDAQ
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACIUM
ACRLP
ADBBV
ADEZE
ADQTV
AEBSH
AEFWE
AEKER
AENEX
AEQOU
AFKWA
AFTJW
AFXIZ
AGUBO
AGYEJ
AHEUO
AHHHB
AIEXJ
AIKHN
AITUG
AJOXV
AKIFW
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMFUW
AMRAJ
AXJTR
BKOJK
BLECG
BLXMC
CBWCG
CS3
DU5
EBS
EFJIC
EFLBG
EJD
EO8
EO9
EP2
EP3
F5P
FDB
FIRID
FNPLU
FYGXN
G-Q
GBLVA
IHE
J1W
KCYFY
KOM
LW9
LY9
M41
MO0
N9A
N~3
O-L
O9-
OAUVE
OZT
P-8
P-9
P2P
PC.
Q38
RIG
ROL
RPZ
SAB
SCC
SDF
SDG
SDP
SES
SPCBC
SSA
SSJ
SSZ
T5K
WH7
Y6R
~02
~G-
~KM
29H
9DU
AAEDT
AAHBH
AALCJ
AAQXK
AATTM
AAXKI
AAYWO
AAYXX
ABWVN
ABXDB
ACLOT
ACRPL
ACVFH
ADCNI
ADMUD
ADNMO
ADVLN
AEGFY
AEIPS
AEUPX
AFJKZ
AFPUW
AGHFR
AGQPQ
AI.
AIDBO
AIGII
AIIUN
AKBMS
AKRWK
AKYEP
ANKPU
APXCP
ASPBG
AVWKF
AZFZN
CITATION
EFKBS
FEDTE
FGOYB
G-2
HLV
HMC
HVGLF
HZ~
R2-
SEN
SEW
VH1
WUQ
ZKB
ZY4
~HD
7S9
L.6
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c405t-b66a32e796b8ea121906fe41ecdd643c0c1a0b6087acf3227f8c2637bb26e3013
ISICitedReferencesCount 36
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000461270600034&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 0378-1127
IngestDate Thu Sep 25 01:56:48 EDT 2025
Tue Nov 18 22:15:33 EST 2025
Sat Nov 29 01:37:29 EST 2025
Fri Feb 23 02:49:41 EST 2024
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Keywords Tropical forestry
Climate change mitigation
REDD
Tropical silviculture
Language English
LinkModel OpenURL
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c405t-b66a32e796b8ea121906fe41ecdd643c0c1a0b6087acf3227f8c2637bb26e3013
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
PQID 2220883573
PQPubID 24069
PageCount 12
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_2220883573
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foreco_2019_01_049
crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_foreco_2019_01_049
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_foreco_2019_01_049
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2019-04-01
2019-04-00
20190401
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2019-04-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 04
  year: 2019
  text: 2019-04-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationTitle Forest ecology and management
PublicationYear 2019
Publisher Elsevier B.V
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier B.V
References Zarin, Harris, Baccini, Aksenov, Hansen, Azevedo-Ramos, Azevedo, Margono, Alencar, Gabris, Allegretti, Potapov, Farina, Walker, Shevade, Loboda, Turubanova, Tyukavina (b0265) 2016; 22
FAO (b0095) 2015
Gregoire (b0115) 2015; 4
Hosonuma, Herold, De Sy, De Fries, Brockhaus, Verchot, Angelsen, Romijn (b0145) 2012; 7
Morales-Barquero, Borrego, Skutsch, Kleinn, Healey (b0175) 2015; 49
Blaser, Sarre, Poore, Johnson (b0035) 2011
Avitabile, Baccini, Friedl, Schmullius (b0025) 2012; 117
Griscom, Ellis, Putz (b0125) 2014; 20
Medjibe, Putz, Romero (b0160) 2013; 51
Umunay, Covey, Makana, Gregoire (b0250) 2017; 1–18
Ernst, Mayaux, Verhegghen, Bodart, Christophe, Defourny (b0085) 2013; 19
Fayolle, Ngomanda, Mbasi, Barbier, Bocko, Boyemba, Couteron, Fonton, Kamdem, Katembo, Kondaoule, Loumeto, Maïdou, Mankou, Mengui, Mofack, Moundounga, Moundounga, Nguimbous, Nsue Nchama, Obiang, Ondo Meye Asue, Picard, Rossi, Senguela, Sonké, Viard, Yongo, Zapfack, Medjibe (b0100) 2018; 430
Chave, Réjou-Méchain, Búrquez, Chidumayo, Colgan, Delitti, Duque, Eid, Fearnside, Goodman, Henry, Martínez-Yrízar, Mugasha, Muller-Landau, Mencuccini, Nelson, Ngomanda, Nogueira, Ortiz-Malavassi, Pélissier, Ploton, Ryan, Saldarriaga, Vieilledent (b0060) 2014; 3177–3190
Pearson, Brown, Murray, Sidman (b0190) 2017; 12
Pinard, Putz (b0200) 1996; 28
Bryant (b0045) 1923
Medjibe, Putz, Starkey, Ndouna, Memiaghe (b0165) 2011; 262
Dykstra, Heinrich (b0075) 1996
de Wasseige, C., Tadoum, M., Eba’a Atyi, R., Doumenge, C., 2015. The Forests of the Congo Basin - Forests and climate change, 6840th ed. Weyrich Belgium.
VCS, 2016. Performance Method for Reduced Impact Logging in East and North Kalimantan. In Verified Carbon Standard, VMD0047, Washington, D.C., USA, 1-53.
Griscom, Adams, Ellis, Houghton, Lomax, Miteva, Schlesinger, Shoch, Siikamäki, Smith, Woodbury, Zganjar, Blackman, Campari, Conant, Delgado, Elias, Gopalakrishna, Hamsik, Herrero, Kiesecker, Landis, Laestadius, Leavitt, Minnemeyer, Polasky, Potapov, Putz, Sanderman, Silvius, Wollenberg, Fargione (b0120) 2017; 114
Abernethy, Maisels, White (b0005) 2016; 41
Ryan, Hill, Woollen, Ghee, Mitchard, Cassells, Grace, Woodhouse, Williams (b0240) 2012; 18
Asner, Clark, Mascaro, Galindo García, Chadwick, Navarrete Encinales, Paez-Acosta, Cabrera Montenegro, Kennedy-Bowdoin, Duque, Balaji, von Hildebrand, Maatoug, Phillips Bernal, Yepes Quintero, Knapp, García Dávila, Jacobson, Ordóñez (b0015) 2012; 9
Putz, Pinard (b0210) 1993; 7
Bonner, Schmidt, Shoo (b9005) 2013; 291
Karsenty, Ferron (b0150) 2017; 19
Hendrison (b0135) 1990
Pearson, Brown, Casarim (b0185) 2014; 034017
Ellis, Griscom, Walker, Gonçalves, Cormier (b0080) 2016; 365
Miller, Goulden, Hutyra, Keller, Saleska, Wofsy, Michela, Figueira, Humberto, Camargo (b0170) 2011; 108
Zhuravleva, Turubanova, Potapov, Hansen, Tyukavina, Minnemeyer, Laporte, Goetz, Verbelen, Thies (b0270) 2013; 8
Ewel, Conde (b0090) 1980
Feldpausch, Jirka, Passos, Jasper, Riha (b0105) 2005; 219
Ruslandi, Cropper, Putz (b0230) 2017; 390
Ryan, Berry, Joshi (b0235) 2014; 53
Asner, Knapp, Broadbent, Oliveira, Keller, Silva (b0020) 2005; 310
Putz, Ruslandi, Ellis, Griscom (b0215) 2018; 422
Plugge, Köhl (b0205) 2012; 42
Rana, P., Sills, E., 2017. Does certification change the trajectory of tree cover in working forests in the tropics ? An application of the synthetic control method of impact evaluation (No. CEnREP Working Paper No. 17-018). Raleigh, NC. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.23121.22887.
de Wasseige, C., Flynn, J., Louppe, D., Hiol, F., Mayaux, 2009. The Forests of the Congo Basin - State of the Forest 2008, Weyrich. Belgium. doi:10.2788/32259.
Morales-Barquero, Skutsch, Jardel-Peláez, Ghilardi, Kleinn, Healey (b0180) 2014; 5
Harris, Brown, Hagen, Saatchi, Petrova, Salas, Hansen, Potapov, Lotsch (b0130) 2012; 336
Brown, Lugo (b0040) 1992; 17
Bustamante, Roitman, Aide, Alencar, Anderson, Aragão, Asner, Barlow, Berenguer, Chambers, Costa, Fanin, Ferreira, Ferreira, Keller, Magnusson, Morales-Barquero, Morton, Ometto, Palace, Peres, Silvério, Trumbore, Vieira (b0050) 2016; 22
Core Team (b0220) 2016
Agyeman, Swaine, Thompson (b0010) 1999; 87
Mazzei, Sist, Ruschel, Putz, Marco, Pena, Ferreira (b0155) 2010; 259
Pinard, Putz (b0195) 1997; 2
Thompson, Guariguata, Okabe, Bahamondez, Nasi, Heymell, Sabogal (b0245) 2013; 18
Herold, Román-Cuesta, Mollicone, Hirata, Van Laake, Asner, Souza, Skutsch, Avitabile, MacDicken (b0140) 2011; 6
FSC, Council, F.S., 2002. FSC Principles and Criteria for Forest Stewardship. FSC-STD-01-001 V5-0 D5-0 EN\rFSC Princ. Criteria For. Steward. 49, 34.
Vidal, West, Putz (b0260) 2016; 376
Baccini, Walker, Carvalho, Farina, Sulla-Menashe, Houghton (b0030) 2017; 358
Houghton, House, Pongratz, Van Der Werf, DeFries, Hansen (b9000) 2012; 9
Carodenuto, Merger, Essomba, Panev, Pistorius, Amougou (b0055) 2015; 6
10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0110
10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0070
Pearson (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0185) 2014; 034017
Miller (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0170) 2011; 108
Ryan (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0240) 2012; 18
Ryan (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0235) 2014; 53
FAO (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0095) 2015
Zhuravleva (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0270) 2013; 8
Herold (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0140) 2011; 6
Gregoire (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0115) 2015; 4
Ernst (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0085) 2013; 19
Medjibe (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0160) 2013; 51
Ellis (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0080) 2016; 365
Brown (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0040) 1992; 17
Umunay (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0250) 2017; 1–18
Carodenuto (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0055) 2015; 6
10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0065
Bryant (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0045) 1923
Agyeman (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0010) 1999; 87
Ruslandi (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0230) 2017; 390
Pearson (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0190) 2017; 12
Blaser (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0035) 2011
10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0225
Karsenty (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0150) 2017; 19
Putz (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0215) 2018; 422
Houghton (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b9000) 2012; 9
Morales-Barquero (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0175) 2015; 49
Plugge (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0205) 2012; 42
10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0255
Core Team (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0220) 2016
Morales-Barquero (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0180) 2014; 5
Asner (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0015) 2012; 9
Baccini (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0030) 2017; 358
Hosonuma (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0145) 2012; 7
Abernethy (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0005) 2016; 41
Griscom (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0120) 2017; 114
Fayolle (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0100) 2018; 430
Bustamante (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0050) 2016; 22
Zarin (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0265) 2016; 22
Mazzei (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0155) 2010; 259
Pinard (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0195) 1997; 2
Asner (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0020) 2005; 310
Putz (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0210) 1993; 7
Harris (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0130) 2012; 336
Hendrison (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0135) 1990
Medjibe (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0165) 2011; 262
Dykstra (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0075) 1996
Vidal (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0260) 2016; 376
Thompson (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0245) 2013; 18
Bonner (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b9005) 2013; 291
Ewel (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0090) 1980
Chave (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0060) 2014; 3177–3190
Griscom (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0125) 2014; 20
Avitabile (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0025) 2012; 117
Pinard (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0200) 1996; 28
Feldpausch (10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0105) 2005; 219
References_xml – volume: 390
  start-page: 104
  year: 2017
  end-page: 118
  ident: b0230
  article-title: Effects of silvicultural intensification on timber yields, carbon dynamics, and tree species composition in a dipterocarp forest in Kalimantan, Indonesia: An individual-tree-based model simulation
  publication-title: For. Ecol. Manage.
– volume: 19
  start-page: 1
  year: 2017
  end-page: 17
  ident: b0150
  article-title: Recent evolutions of forest concessions status and dynamics in Central Africa
  publication-title: Int. For. Rev.
– year: 2015
  ident: b0095
  article-title: Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015
– volume: 12
  start-page: 3
  year: 2017
  ident: b0190
  article-title: Greenhouse gas emissions from tropical forest degradation: an underestimated source
  publication-title: Carbon Balance Manag.
– reference: Rana, P., Sills, E., 2017. Does certification change the trajectory of tree cover in working forests in the tropics ? An application of the synthetic control method of impact evaluation (No. CEnREP Working Paper No. 17-018). Raleigh, NC. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.23121.22887.
– volume: 4
  year: 2015
  ident: b0115
  article-title: Nonparallel regressions with indicator variables
  publication-title: Int. J. Stat. Probab.
– volume: 5
  start-page: 1653
  year: 2014
  end-page: 1681
  ident: b0180
  article-title: Operationalizing the definition of forest degradation for REDD+, with application to Mexico
  publication-title: Forests
– volume: 18
  year: 2013
  ident: b0245
  article-title: An operational framework for defining and monitoring forest degradation
  publication-title: Ecol. Soc.
– volume: 114
  start-page: 11645
  year: 2017
  end-page: 11650
  ident: b0120
  article-title: Natural climate solutions
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
– volume: 259
  start-page: 367
  year: 2010
  end-page: 373
  ident: b0155
  article-title: Above-ground biomass dynamics after reduced-impact logging in the Eastern Amazon
  publication-title: For. Ecol. Manage.
– volume: 18
  start-page: 243
  year: 2012
  end-page: 257
  ident: b0240
  article-title: Quantifying small-scale deforestation and forest degradation in African woodlands using radar imagery
  publication-title: Glob. Chang. Biol.
– volume: 310
  start-page: 480
  year: 2005
  end-page: 482
  ident: b0020
  article-title: Selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon
  publication-title: Science
– volume: 3177–3190
  year: 2014
  ident: b0060
  article-title: Improved allometric models to estimate the aboveground biomass of tropical trees
  publication-title: Glob. Chang. Biol.
– volume: 430
  start-page: 228
  year: 2018
  end-page: 240
  ident: b0100
  article-title: A regional allometry for the Congo basin forests based on the largest ever destructive sampling
  publication-title: For. Ecol. Manage.
– volume: 41
  start-page: 1
  year: 2016
  end-page: 33
  ident: b0005
  article-title: Environmental Issues in Central Africa
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour.
– volume: 49
  start-page: 296
  year: 2015
  end-page: 309
  ident: b0175
  article-title: Identification and quantification of drivers of forest degradation in tropical dry forests: a case study in Western Mexico
  publication-title: Land use policy
– volume: 20
  start-page: 923
  year: 2014
  end-page: 937
  ident: b0125
  article-title: Carbon emissions performance of commercial logging in East Kalimantan
  publication-title: Indonesia. Glob. Chang. Biol.
– volume: 7
  start-page: 755
  year: 1993
  end-page: 757
  ident: b0210
  article-title: Reduced-impact logging as a carbon-offset method
  publication-title: Conserv. Biol.
– volume: 336
  start-page: 1573
  year: 2012
  end-page: 1576
  ident: b0130
  article-title: Baseline map of carbon emissions from deforestation in tropical regions
  publication-title: Science
– volume: 2
  start-page: 203
  year: 1997
  ident: b0195
  article-title: Monitoring carbon sequestration benefits associated with a reduced-impact logging project in Malaysia
  publication-title: Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Chang.
– volume: 219
  start-page: 199
  year: 2005
  end-page: 215
  ident: b0105
  article-title: When big trees fall: damage and carbon export by reduced impact logging in southern Amazonia
  publication-title: For. Ecol. Manage.
– volume: 87
  start-page: 815
  year: 1999
  end-page: 827
  ident: b0010
  article-title: Responses of tropical forest tree seedlings to irradiance and the derivation of a light response index
  publication-title: J. Ecol.
– volume: 6
  start-page: 203
  year: 2015
  end-page: 224
  ident: b0055
  article-title: A methodological framework for assessing agents, proximate drivers and underlying causes of deforestation: Field test results from Southern Cameroon
  publication-title: Forests
– volume: 7
  start-page: 044009
  year: 2012
  ident: b0145
  article-title: An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries
  publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett.
– volume: 034017
  start-page: 11
  year: 2014
  ident: b0185
  article-title: Carbon emissions from tropical forest degradation caused by logging
  publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett.
– year: 1923
  ident: b0045
  article-title: Logging; the principles and general methods of operation in the United States
– volume: 6
  start-page: 13
  year: 2011
  ident: b0140
  article-title: Options for monitoring and estimating historical carbon emissions from forest degradation in the context of REDD+
  publication-title: Carbon Balance Manag.
– volume: 358
  start-page: 230
  year: 2017
  end-page: 234
  ident: b0030
  article-title: Tropical forests are a net carbon source based on aboveground measurements of gain and loss
  publication-title: Science
– volume: 42
  start-page: 1996
  year: 2012
  end-page: 2010
  ident: b0205
  article-title: Estimating carbon emissions from forest degradation: implications of uncertainties and area sizes for a REDD + MRV system
  publication-title: Can. J. For. Res.
– volume: 53
  start-page: 45
  year: 2014
  end-page: 54
  ident: b0235
  article-title: Quantifying the causes of deforestation and degradation and creating transparent REDD+ baselines: A method and case study from central Mozambique
  publication-title: Appl. Geogr.
– volume: 19
  start-page: 1173
  year: 2013
  end-page: 1187
  ident: b0085
  article-title: National forest cover change in Congo Basin: deforestation, reforestation, degradation and regeneration for the years 1990, 2000 and 2005
  publication-title: Glob. Chang. Biol.
– volume: 8
  start-page: 24034
  year: 2013
  ident: b0270
  article-title: Satellite-based primary forest degradation assessment in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2000–2010
  publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett.
– reference: de Wasseige, C., Tadoum, M., Eba’a Atyi, R., Doumenge, C., 2015. The Forests of the Congo Basin - Forests and climate change, 6840th ed. Weyrich Belgium.
– volume: 117
  start-page: 366
  year: 2012
  end-page: 380
  ident: b0025
  article-title: Capabilities and limitations of Landsat and land cover data for aboveground woody biomass estimation of Uganda
  publication-title: Remote Sens. Environ.
– volume: 9
  start-page: 5125
  year: 2012
  end-page: 5142
  ident: b9000
  article-title: Carbon emissions from land use and land-cover change
  publication-title: Biogeosciences
– year: 2016
  ident: b0220
  article-title: R: A Language and Environment
– year: 2011
  ident: b0035
  article-title: Status of tropical forest management 2011. ITTO Technical Series, No 38
– volume: 9
  start-page: 2683
  year: 2012
  end-page: 2696
  ident: b0015
  article-title: High-resolution mapping of forest carbon stocks in the Colombian Amazon
  publication-title: Biogeosciences
– reference: VCS, 2016. Performance Method for Reduced Impact Logging in East and North Kalimantan. In Verified Carbon Standard, VMD0047, Washington, D.C., USA, 1-53.
– volume: 422
  start-page: 108
  year: 2018
  end-page: 113
  ident: b0215
  article-title: Topographic restrictions on land-use practices: consequences of different pixel sizes and data sources for natural forest management in the tropics
  publication-title: For. Ecol. Manage.
– volume: 1–18
  year: 2017
  ident: b0250
  article-title: Effect of light, fire and weed control on establishment of Pericopsis elata Harms regeneration
  publication-title: New For.
– volume: 22
  start-page: 1336
  year: 2016
  end-page: 1347
  ident: b0265
  article-title: Can carbon emissions from tropical deforestation drop by 50% in 5 years?
  publication-title: Glob. Chang. Biol.
– reference: FSC, Council, F.S., 2002. FSC Principles and Criteria for Forest Stewardship. FSC-STD-01-001 V5-0 D5-0 EN\rFSC Princ. Criteria For. Steward. 49, 34.
– reference: de Wasseige, C., Flynn, J., Louppe, D., Hiol, F., Mayaux, 2009. The Forests of the Congo Basin - State of the Forest 2008, Weyrich. Belgium. doi:10.2788/32259.
– volume: 291
  start-page: 73
  year: 2013
  end-page: 86
  ident: b9005
  article-title: A meta-analytical global comparison of aboveground biomass accumulation between tropical secondary forests and monoculture plantations
  publication-title: For. Ecol. Manage.
– volume: 376
  start-page: 1
  year: 2016
  end-page: 8
  ident: b0260
  article-title: Recovery of biomass and merchantable timber volumes twenty years after conventional and reduced-impact logging in Amazonian Brazil
  publication-title: For. Ecol. Manage.
– year: 1990
  ident: b0135
  article-title: Damage-controlled logging in managed rain forest in Suriname
– volume: 262
  start-page: 1799
  year: 2011
  end-page: 1806
  ident: b0165
  article-title: Impacts of selective logging on above-ground forest biomass in the Monts de Cristal in Gabon
  publication-title: For. Ecol. Manage.
– year: 1996
  ident: b0075
  article-title: FAO model code of forest harvesting practice. Food and Agriculture
– volume: 108
  start-page: 19431
  year: 2011
  end-page: 19435
  ident: b0170
  article-title: Reduced impact logging minimally alters tropical rainforest carbon and energy exchange
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
– volume: 51
  start-page: 524
  year: 2013
  end-page: 540
  ident: b0160
  article-title: Certified and uncertified logging concessions compared in Gabon: changes in stand structure, tree species, and biomass
  publication-title: Environ. Manage.
– volume: 22
  start-page: 92
  year: 2016
  end-page: 109
  ident: b0050
  article-title: Toward an integrated monitoring framework to assess the effects of tropical forest degradation and recovery on carbon stocks and biodiversity
  publication-title: Glob. Chang. Biol.
– volume: 17
  start-page: 8
  year: 1992
  end-page: 27
  ident: b0040
  article-title: Aboveground biomass estimates for tropical moist forests of the Brazilian Amazon
  publication-title: Interciencia
– year: 1980
  ident: b0090
  article-title: Regional Center for Tropical Biology
  publication-title: Potential ecological impact of increased intensity of tropical forest utilization
– volume: 28
  start-page: 278
  year: 1996
  end-page: 295
  ident: b0200
  article-title: Retaining forest biomass by reducing logging damage
  publication-title: Biotropica
– volume: 365
  start-page: 184
  year: 2016
  end-page: 196
  ident: b0080
  article-title: Mapping selective logging impacts in Borneo with GPS and airborne lidar
  publication-title: For. Ecol. Manage.
– volume: 9
  start-page: 2683
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0015
  article-title: High-resolution mapping of forest carbon stocks in the Colombian Amazon
  publication-title: Biogeosciences
  doi: 10.5194/bg-9-2683-2012
– volume: 12
  start-page: 3
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0190
  article-title: Greenhouse gas emissions from tropical forest degradation: an underestimated source
  publication-title: Carbon Balance Manag.
  doi: 10.1186/s13021-017-0072-2
– year: 1990
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0135
– volume: 53
  start-page: 45
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0235
  article-title: Quantifying the causes of deforestation and degradation and creating transparent REDD+ baselines: A method and case study from central Mozambique
  publication-title: Appl. Geogr.
  doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.05.014
– ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0255
– ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0110
– volume: 9
  start-page: 5125
  issue: 12
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b9000
  article-title: Carbon emissions from land use and land-cover change
  publication-title: Biogeosciences
  doi: 10.5194/bg-9-5125-2012
– year: 1923
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0045
– volume: 19
  start-page: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0150
  article-title: Recent evolutions of forest concessions status and dynamics in Central Africa
  publication-title: Int. For. Rev.
– volume: 42
  start-page: 1996
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0205
  article-title: Estimating carbon emissions from forest degradation: implications of uncertainties and area sizes for a REDD + MRV system
  publication-title: Can. J. For. Res.
  doi: 10.1139/x2012-129
– volume: 87
  start-page: 815
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0010
  article-title: Responses of tropical forest tree seedlings to irradiance and the derivation of a light response index
  publication-title: J. Ecol.
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00400.x
– volume: 291
  start-page: 73
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b9005
  article-title: A meta-analytical global comparison of aboveground biomass accumulation between tropical secondary forests and monoculture plantations
  publication-title: For. Ecol. Manage.
  doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.024
– volume: 8
  start-page: 24034
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0270
  article-title: Satellite-based primary forest degradation assessment in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2000–2010
  publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024034
– volume: 034017
  start-page: 11
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0185
  article-title: Carbon emissions from tropical forest degradation caused by logging
  publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett.
– volume: 7
  start-page: 044009
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0145
  article-title: An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries
  publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/044009
– volume: 259
  start-page: 367
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0155
  article-title: Above-ground biomass dynamics after reduced-impact logging in the Eastern Amazon
  publication-title: For. Ecol. Manage.
  doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.031
– volume: 17
  start-page: 8
  year: 1992
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0040
  article-title: Aboveground biomass estimates for tropical moist forests of the Brazilian Amazon
  publication-title: Interciencia
– volume: 219
  start-page: 199
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0105
  article-title: When big trees fall: damage and carbon export by reduced impact logging in southern Amazonia
  publication-title: For. Ecol. Manage.
  doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.003
– volume: 51
  start-page: 524
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0160
  article-title: Certified and uncertified logging concessions compared in Gabon: changes in stand structure, tree species, and biomass
  publication-title: Environ. Manage.
  doi: 10.1007/s00267-012-0006-4
– volume: 262
  start-page: 1799
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0165
  article-title: Impacts of selective logging on above-ground forest biomass in the Monts de Cristal in Gabon
  publication-title: For. Ecol. Manage.
  doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.07.014
– volume: 390
  start-page: 104
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0230
  article-title: Effects of silvicultural intensification on timber yields, carbon dynamics, and tree species composition in a dipterocarp forest in Kalimantan, Indonesia: An individual-tree-based model simulation
  publication-title: For. Ecol. Manage.
  doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2017.01.019
– volume: 18
  start-page: 243
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0240
  article-title: Quantifying small-scale deforestation and forest degradation in African woodlands using radar imagery
  publication-title: Glob. Chang. Biol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02551.x
– year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0035
– volume: 18
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0245
  article-title: An operational framework for defining and monitoring forest degradation
  publication-title: Ecol. Soc.
  doi: 10.5751/ES-05443-180220
– volume: 358
  start-page: 230
  issue: 6360
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0030
  article-title: Tropical forests are a net carbon source based on aboveground measurements of gain and loss
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.aam5962
– volume: 7
  start-page: 755
  year: 1993
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0210
  article-title: Reduced-impact logging as a carbon-offset method
  publication-title: Conserv. Biol.
  doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.7407551.x
– volume: 422
  start-page: 108
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0215
  article-title: Topographic restrictions on land-use practices: consequences of different pixel sizes and data sources for natural forest management in the tropics
  publication-title: For. Ecol. Manage.
  doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2018.04.001
– volume: 41
  start-page: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0005
  article-title: Environmental Issues in Central Africa
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour.
  doi: 10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085415
– volume: 108
  start-page: 19431
  issue: 48
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0170
  article-title: Reduced impact logging minimally alters tropical rainforest carbon and energy exchange
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1105068108
– volume: 114
  start-page: 11645
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0120
  article-title: Natural climate solutions
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1710465114
– volume: 2
  start-page: 203
  year: 1997
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0195
  article-title: Monitoring carbon sequestration benefits associated with a reduced-impact logging project in Malaysia
  publication-title: Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Chang.
  doi: 10.1007/BF02437204
– volume: 376
  start-page: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0260
  article-title: Recovery of biomass and merchantable timber volumes twenty years after conventional and reduced-impact logging in Amazonian Brazil
  publication-title: For. Ecol. Manage.
  doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.06.003
– volume: 3177–3190
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0060
  article-title: Improved allometric models to estimate the aboveground biomass of tropical trees
  publication-title: Glob. Chang. Biol.
– year: 1996
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0075
– volume: 4
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0115
  article-title: Nonparallel regressions with indicator variables
  publication-title: Int. J. Stat. Probab.
  doi: 10.5539/ijsp.v4n2p46
– volume: 430
  start-page: 228
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0100
  article-title: A regional allometry for the Congo basin forests based on the largest ever destructive sampling
  publication-title: For. Ecol. Manage.
  doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2018.07.030
– volume: 5
  start-page: 1653
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0180
  article-title: Operationalizing the definition of forest degradation for REDD+, with application to Mexico
  publication-title: Forests
  doi: 10.3390/f5071653
– ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0070
– volume: 28
  start-page: 278
  year: 1996
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0200
  article-title: Retaining forest biomass by reducing logging damage
  publication-title: Biotropica
  doi: 10.2307/2389193
– year: 1980
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0090
  article-title: Regional Center for Tropical Biology
– volume: 6
  start-page: 203
  issue: 1
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0055
  article-title: A methodological framework for assessing agents, proximate drivers and underlying causes of deforestation: Field test results from Southern Cameroon
  publication-title: Forests
  doi: 10.3390/f6010203
– year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0220
– volume: 22
  start-page: 92
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0050
  article-title: Toward an integrated monitoring framework to assess the effects of tropical forest degradation and recovery on carbon stocks and biodiversity
  publication-title: Glob. Chang. Biol.
  doi: 10.1111/gcb.13087
– ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0065
– year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0095
– volume: 365
  start-page: 184
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0080
  article-title: Mapping selective logging impacts in Borneo with GPS and airborne lidar
  publication-title: For. Ecol. Manage.
  doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.01.020
– volume: 20
  start-page: 923
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0125
  article-title: Carbon emissions performance of commercial logging in East Kalimantan
  publication-title: Indonesia. Glob. Chang. Biol.
  doi: 10.1111/gcb.12386
– volume: 336
  start-page: 1573
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0130
  article-title: Baseline map of carbon emissions from deforestation in tropical regions
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1217962
– volume: 22
  start-page: 1336
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0265
  article-title: Can carbon emissions from tropical deforestation drop by 50% in 5 years?
  publication-title: Glob. Chang. Biol.
  doi: 10.1111/gcb.13153
– volume: 19
  start-page: 1173
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0085
  article-title: National forest cover change in Congo Basin: deforestation, reforestation, degradation and regeneration for the years 1990, 2000 and 2005
  publication-title: Glob. Chang. Biol.
  doi: 10.1111/gcb.12092
– volume: 6
  start-page: 13
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0140
  article-title: Options for monitoring and estimating historical carbon emissions from forest degradation in the context of REDD+
  publication-title: Carbon Balance Manag.
  doi: 10.1186/1750-0680-6-13
– volume: 49
  start-page: 296
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0175
  article-title: Identification and quantification of drivers of forest degradation in tropical dry forests: a case study in Western Mexico
  publication-title: Land use policy
  doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.07.006
– volume: 310
  start-page: 480
  issue: 5747
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0020
  article-title: Selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1118051
– ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0225
– volume: 1–18
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0250
  article-title: Effect of light, fire and weed control on establishment of Pericopsis elata Harms regeneration
  publication-title: New For.
– volume: 117
  start-page: 366
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049_b0025
  article-title: Capabilities and limitations of Landsat and land cover data for aboveground woody biomass estimation of Uganda
  publication-title: Remote Sens. Environ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2011.10.012
SSID ssj0005548
Score 2.4422982
Snippet •We quantified baseline selective logging emissions in DRC, Gabon and Republic of Congo.•Selective logging transfered up to 9% of live AGB and BGB tree carbon...
To estimate carbon emissions from selective logging in Central Africa, we employed the reduced-impact logging for carbon emissions reductions (RIL-C) protocol...
SourceID proquest
crossref
elsevier
SourceType Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 360
SubjectTerms basins
biomass
business enterprises
carbon
carbon sinks
Climate change mitigation
deforestation
emissions
felling
forest management
forest policy
forests
Gabon
REDD
statistics
Tropical forestry
Tropical silviculture
Title Selective logging emissions and potential emission reductions from reduced-impact logging in the Congo Basin
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.049
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2220883573
Volume 437
WOSCitedRecordID wos000461270600034&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVESC
  databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals 2021
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1872-7042
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0005548
  issn: 0378-1127
  databaseCode: AIEXJ
  dateStart: 20151001
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com
  providerName: Elsevier
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9NAEF6FFlAvCAqo5aVFQlwiV7HX3rWPpUp5KApIOJDbar1eA21qhzip2v_Cj2X2YTslQi0HLpazsTeJvy87M_bMfAi9ilge5GBXPSkpBCgkEh7wJvcIYQoCuSiUpkLuy4iNx_F0mnzq9X41tTDnM1aW8cVFMv-vUMMYgK1LZ_8B7nZSGIB9AB22ADtsbwT8Z6NsoxOCYFkzEkRa0q02CW-mK0C11BlCAE0z3l_o_q02Jc6Um5jXKvdcCWUzj0uJPKrKb1X_jahd0-41kc962Vey6-p0tpFbMzlbleKyTQzu7sWaWhl3nzztBL_eQkw_E6ewEn23xWup3m1Nic44qbvZvq7fw_CTtdQXV7ulY1nfdglo1uWQsP78gFCwE1alxa2xxAoQOHPt3tuwBPamxMkBuP7ww3UOX2L6s9oGqVcbb48_8uPJaMTT4TR9Pf_paU0y_ezeCbTcQtsBixJYM7cP3w-nH7oUosios7XfvinNNPmDmx_8N9fnDyfAeDbpfXTPhST40FLpAeqpchfdsSKll7vorgV2Abs7OjSxnb0follLNOwIgluiYUAft0Rrx3FHNKyJhq8SrZ3nR4mBaNgQDRuiPUKT42F69M5z2h2ehBBg6WWUChIoltAsVsIHuzighQp9JfMcnGA5kL4YZHQQMyELMCqsiGVACcuygCowOuQx2iqrUu0hHNE8DJMsKwKpReiLREqZhFEgmA5mpNhHpLmsXLrG9lpfZcabDMYTbsHgGgw-8DmAsY-89qy5bexyzfGsQYw759Q6nRwYd82ZLxuAOVxu_UBOlKpa1Rx8czDyJGLkyQ2OeYp2uv_OM7S1XKzUc3RbngPwixeOm78BlhK_0A
linkProvider Elsevier
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Selective+logging+emissions+and+potential+emission+reductions+from+reduced-impact+logging+in+the+Congo+Basin&rft.jtitle=Forest+ecology+and+management&rft.au=Umunay%2C+Peter+M&rft.au=Gregoire%2C+T+G&rft.au=Gopalakrishna%2C+Trisha&rft.au=Ellis%2C+Peter+W&rft.date=2019-04-01&rft.issn=0378-1127&rft.volume=437+p.360-371&rft.spage=360&rft.epage=371&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2019.01.049&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0378-1127&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0378-1127&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0378-1127&client=summon