Estimating the burden of disease attributable to household air pollution from cooking with solid fuels in South Africa for 2000, 2006 and 2012
Background. Household air pollution (HAP) due to the use of solid fuels for cooking is a global problem with significant impacts on human health, especially in low- and middle-income countries. HAP remains problematic in South Africa (SA). While electrification rates have improved over the past two...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | South African medical journal Jg. 112; H. 8b; S. 718 - 728 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
South African Medical Association
30.09.2022
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| ISSN: | 0256-9574, 2078-5135, 2078-5135 |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Abstract | Background. Household air pollution (HAP) due to the use of solid fuels for cooking is a global problem with significant impacts on human health, especially in low- and middle-income countries. HAP remains problematic in South Africa (SA). While electrification rates have improved over the past two decades, many people still use solid fuels for cooking owing to energy poverty.Objectives. To estimate the disease burden attributable to HAP for cooking in SA over three time points: 2000, 2006 and 2012. Methods. Comparative risk assessment methodology was used. The proportion of South Africans exposed to HAP was assessed and assigned the estimated concentration of particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 μg/m3(PM2.5) associated with HAP exposure. Health outcomes and relative risks associated with HAP exposure were identified. Population-attributable fractions and the attributable burden of disease due to HAP exposure (deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)) for SA were calculated. Attributable burden was estimated for 2000, 2006 and 2012. For the year 2012, we estimated the attributable burden at provincial level.Results. An estimated 17.6% of the SA population was exposed to HAP in 2012. In 2012, HAP exposure was estimated to have caused 8 862 deaths (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 8 413 - 9 251) and 1.7% (95% UI 1.6% - 1.8%) of all deaths in SA, respectively. Loss of healthy life years comprised 208 816 DALYs (95% UI 195 648 - 221 007) and 1.0% of all DALYs (95% UI 0.95% - 1.0%) in 2012, respectively. Lower respiratory infections and cardiovascular disease contributed to the largest proportion of deaths and DALYs. HAP exposure due to cooking varied across provinces, and was highest in Limpopo (50.0%), Mpumalanga (27.4%) and KwaZulu-Natal (26.4%) provinces in 2012. Age standardised burden measures showed that these three provinces had the highest rates of death and DALY burden attributable to HAP.Conclusion. The burden of disease from HAP due to cooking in SA is of significant concern. Effective interventions supported by legislation and policy, together with awareness campaigns, are needed to ensure access to clean household fuels and improved cook stoves. Continued and enhanced efforts in this regard are required to ensure the burden of disease from HAP is curbed in SA. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Household air pollution (HAP) due to the use of solid fuels for cooking is a global problem with significant impacts on human health, especially in low- and middle-income countries. HAP remains problematic in South Africa (SA). While electrification rates have improved over the past two decades, many people still use solid fuels for cooking owing to energy poverty.BACKGROUNDHousehold air pollution (HAP) due to the use of solid fuels for cooking is a global problem with significant impacts on human health, especially in low- and middle-income countries. HAP remains problematic in South Africa (SA). While electrification rates have improved over the past two decades, many people still use solid fuels for cooking owing to energy poverty.To estimate the disease burden attributable to HAP for cooking in SA over three time points: 2000, 2006 and 2012.OBJECTIVESTo estimate the disease burden attributable to HAP for cooking in SA over three time points: 2000, 2006 and 2012.Comparative risk assessment methodology was used. The proportion of South Africans exposed to HAP was assessed and assigned the estimated concentration of particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 μg/m3 (PM2.5) associated with HAP exposure. Health outcomes and relative risks associated with HAP exposure were identified. Population-attributable fractions and the attributable burden of disease due to HAP exposure (deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)) for SA were calculated. Attributable burden was estimated for 2000, 2006 and 2012. For the year 2012, we estimated the attributable burden at provincial level.METHODSComparative risk assessment methodology was used. The proportion of South Africans exposed to HAP was assessed and assigned the estimated concentration of particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 μg/m3 (PM2.5) associated with HAP exposure. Health outcomes and relative risks associated with HAP exposure were identified. Population-attributable fractions and the attributable burden of disease due to HAP exposure (deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)) for SA were calculated. Attributable burden was estimated for 2000, 2006 and 2012. For the year 2012, we estimated the attributable burden at provincial level.An estimated 17.6% of the SA population was exposed to HAP in 2012. In 2012, HAP exposure was estimated to have caused 8 862 deaths (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 8 413 - 9 251) and 1.7% (95% UI 1.6% - 1.8%) of all deaths in SA, respectively. Loss of healthy life years comprised 208 816 DALYs (95% UI 195 648 - 221 007) and 1.0% of all DALYs (95% UI 0.95% - 1.0%) in 2012, respectively. Lower respiratory infections and cardiovascular disease contributed to the largest proportion of deaths and DALYs. HAP exposure due to cooking varied across provinces, and was highest in Limpopo (50.0%), Mpumalanga (27.4%) and KwaZulu-Natal (26.4%) provinces in 2012. Age standardised burden measures showed that these three provinces had the highest rates of death and DALY burden attributable to HAP.RESULTSAn estimated 17.6% of the SA population was exposed to HAP in 2012. In 2012, HAP exposure was estimated to have caused 8 862 deaths (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 8 413 - 9 251) and 1.7% (95% UI 1.6% - 1.8%) of all deaths in SA, respectively. Loss of healthy life years comprised 208 816 DALYs (95% UI 195 648 - 221 007) and 1.0% of all DALYs (95% UI 0.95% - 1.0%) in 2012, respectively. Lower respiratory infections and cardiovascular disease contributed to the largest proportion of deaths and DALYs. HAP exposure due to cooking varied across provinces, and was highest in Limpopo (50.0%), Mpumalanga (27.4%) and KwaZulu-Natal (26.4%) provinces in 2012. Age standardised burden measures showed that these three provinces had the highest rates of death and DALY burden attributable to HAP.The burden of disease from HAP due to cooking in SA is of significant concern. Effective interventions supported by legislation and policy, together with awareness campaigns, are needed to ensure access to clean household fuels and improved cook stoves. Continued and enhanced efforts in this regard are required to ensure the burden of disease from HAP is curbed in SA.CONCLUSIONThe burden of disease from HAP due to cooking in SA is of significant concern. Effective interventions supported by legislation and policy, together with awareness campaigns, are needed to ensure access to clean household fuels and improved cook stoves. Continued and enhanced efforts in this regard are required to ensure the burden of disease from HAP is curbed in SA. Background. Household air pollution (HAP) due to the use of solid fuels for cooking is a global problem with significant impacts on human health, especially in low- and middle-income countries. HAP remains problematic in South Africa (SA). While electrification rates have improved over the past two decades, many people still use solid fuels for cooking owing to energy poverty. Objectives. To estimate the disease burden attributable to HAP for cooking in SA over three time points: 2000, 2006 and 2012. Methods. Comparative risk assessment methodology was used. The proportion of South Africans exposed to HAP was assessed and assigned the estimated concentration of particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 μg/m3 (PM2.5) associated with HAP exposure. Health outcomes and relative risks associated with HAP exposure were identified. Population-attributable fractions and the attributable burden of disease due to HAP exposure (deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)) for SA were calculated. Attributable burden was estimated for 2000, 2006 and 2012. For the year 2012, we estimated the attributable burden at provincial level. Results. An estimated 17.6% of the SA population was exposed to HAP in 2012. In 2012, HAP exposure was estimated to have caused 8 862 deaths (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 8 413 - 9 251) and 1.7% (95% UI 1.6% - 1.8%) of all deaths in SA, respectively. Loss of healthy life years comprised 208 816 DALYs (95% UI 195 648 - 221 007) and 1.0% of all DALYs (95% UI 0.95% - 1.0%) in 2012, respectively. Lower respiratory infections and cardiovascular disease contributed to the largest proportion of deaths and DALYs. HAP exposure due to cooking varied across provinces, and was highest in Limpopo (50.0%), Mpumalanga (27.4%) and KwaZulu-Natal (26.4%) provinces in 2012. Age standardised burden measures showed that these three provinces had the highest rates of death and DALY burden attributable to HAP. Conclusion. The burden of disease from HAP due to cooking in SA is of significant concern. Effective interventions supported by legislation and policy, together with awareness campaigns, are needed to ensure access to clean household fuels and improved cook stoves. Continued and enhanced efforts in this regard are required to ensure the burden of disease from HAP is curbed in SA. |
| Author | Neethling, I Owotiwon, O F Bradshaw, D Pacella, R Turawa, E B Cairncross, E Roomaney, R A Abdelatif, N Wright, C Y Pillay-van Wyk, V Cois, A Nojilana, B |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: R A surname: Roomaney fullname: Roomaney, R A – sequence: 2 givenname: C Y surname: Wright fullname: Wright, C Y – sequence: 3 givenname: E surname: Cairncross fullname: Cairncross, E – sequence: 4 givenname: N surname: Abdelatif fullname: Abdelatif, N – sequence: 5 givenname: A surname: Cois fullname: Cois, A – sequence: 6 givenname: E B surname: Turawa fullname: Turawa, E B – sequence: 7 givenname: O F surname: Owotiwon fullname: Owotiwon, O F – sequence: 8 givenname: I surname: Neethling fullname: Neethling, I – sequence: 9 givenname: B surname: Nojilana fullname: Nojilana, B – sequence: 10 givenname: R surname: Pacella fullname: Pacella, R – sequence: 11 givenname: D surname: Bradshaw fullname: Bradshaw, D – sequence: 12 givenname: V surname: Pillay-van Wyk fullname: Pillay-van Wyk, V |
| BookMark | eNqFkb1uFDEUhS0UJDaBZ8AlBbP43zMFxSoKEBREEagt_2YdvOPF9oB4CZ4ZTzaioKHxta_uOb463zk4m_PsAXiJ0VbiSby53X36uCWIkO0PjEkczRYLJtkTsCFIjgPHlJ-BDSJcDBOX7Bk4r_Ue9TefxAb8vqotHnSL8x1sew_NUpyfYQ7Qxep19VC3VqJZmjbJw5bhPi_V73NyUMcCjzmlpcU8w1DyAdqcv61WP2Pbw5pTdDAsPlUYZ3ibl97chRKthiEXSBBCr9dTQD27fsHkOXgadKr-xWO9AF_fXX25_DDcfH5_fbm7GSxDvA2TH61kngTifPCIOME5YUZaQ6ycOCVUW-NGRCmSlDo9ITNSYTlnI-bYTvQCXJ98Xdb36lh6BOWXyjqqh0Yud0qXFm3yygmBtUFcam8YR5M2I5KBCU4xN4Sa7vXq5HUs-fvia1OHWK1PSc--Z6WIZIJOoi_TR-Vp1JZca_Hh79cYqZWmWmmqlaZ6pKkeaHbl23-UNja9Bt-Kjum_-j_486iM |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eneco_2025_108926 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_erss_2024_103415 crossref_primary_10_1080_26896583_2023_2267332 crossref_primary_10_1080_02786826_2024_2379551 crossref_primary_10_7196_SAMJ_2022_v112i8b_16483 crossref_primary_10_1177_11786302251343767 crossref_primary_10_3390_atmos15080911 crossref_primary_10_7196_SAMJ_2022_v112i8b_16648 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apr_2025_102459 crossref_primary_10_1088_2753_3751_adb491 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjph_2024_000938 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph21030326 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1115/ES2018-7112 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60951-X 10.1093/bmb/ldw015 10.2495/AIR160211 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70359-6 10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.014 10.3109/15412555.2014.908834 10.1177/2399654418778590 10.1177/0958305X17739475 10.1289/EHP236 10.3390/ijerph16040550 10.1080/23311886.2019.1697499 10.1186/1478-7954-1-1 10.1016/j.healthplace.2007.08.002 10.1371/journal.pone.0167656 10.1016/j.envint.2017.03.010 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30343-0 10.1371/journal.pone.0173256 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.026 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109851 10.1289/EHP3915 10.1088/1748-9326/aab047 10.1186/1476-069X-12-77 10.1038/s41533-019-0144-8 10.1186/s13104-017-2892-2 10.2495/AIR150211 10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70168-7 10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.05.020 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.12.051 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.002 10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30134-1 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.022 10.1007/s11027-009-9195-4 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30113-9 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134403 10.1073/pnas.1900888116 10.3390/ijerph10115378 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201710-831GH 10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.008 10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30140-2 10.17159/2413-3051/2011/v22i3a3220 10.17159/2413-3051/2017/v28i1a1635 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.07.048 10.1007/s11869-017-0475-y 10.1183/09031936.00099511 10.1186/s12889-019-6604-9 10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30001-9 10.22233/20412495.0621.1 10.1016/j.egyr.2020.11.267 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6 10.2471/BLT.07.044529 10.1289/ehp.122-A235 10.1016/j.envint.2018.02.033 10.17159/2413-3051/2018/v29i3a3310 10.1289/ehp.1205987 10.1007/s11111-017-0269-z 10.1080/14786451.2017.1323897 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61377-4 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.109 10.1016/j.rser.2012.11.045 10.17159/2410-972X/2018/v28n1a11 10.1186/1476-069X-13-32 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00238.x 10.1016/j.esd.2014.06.003 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105333 10.1088/1748-9326/aaa49d 10.1016/S0973-0826(08)60262-8 10.1016/j.envint.2016.11.015 10.7196/SAMJnew.7934 10.1039/D0EM00035C 10.1016/j.enpol.2016.03.005 10.1183/13993003.00698-2017 10.1016/j.erss.2019.04.007 10.1016/j.eneco.2018.08.005 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 7X8 DOA |
| DOI | 10.7196/SAMJ.2022.v112i8b.16474 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic CrossRef |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 2078-5135 |
| EndPage | 728 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_d661ab057aeb4509ab807f465315b23b 10_7196_SAMJ_2022_v112i8b_16474 |
| GroupedDBID | --- -OY 123 1RG 4JU 53G 5RE 5VS 6SC AAFWJ AAWTL AAYXX ADBBV AENEX ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ANHLU APOWU AZFZN BAWUL BCNDV CITATION DIK EBD EBS EJD EMOBN F5P FRP GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 IAO IHR IHW INH INR ITC JRA KWQ L7B MK0 OK1 P2P RFP RNS SCVUT SV3 SWNBY TR2 W2D 7X8 ADWVC |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c405t-9e8c74e2f2defe02d65524b7cb2c795323acbd80330733da90b836c5548151c93 |
| IEDL.DBID | DOA |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 13 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001267521700016&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 0256-9574 2078-5135 |
| IngestDate | Fri Oct 03 12:46:35 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 11 08:20:12 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 06:25:28 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:34:12 EST 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 8b |
| Language | English |
| License | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c405t-9e8c74e2f2defe02d65524b7cb2c795323acbd80330733da90b836c5548151c93 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://doaj.org/article/d661ab057aeb4509ab807f465315b23b |
| PQID | 2746396033 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| PageCount | 11 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_d661ab057aeb4509ab807f465315b23b proquest_miscellaneous_2746396033 crossref_primary_10_7196_SAMJ_2022_v112i8b_16474 crossref_citationtrail_10_7196_SAMJ_2022_v112i8b_16474 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2022-09-30 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2022-09-30 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 09 year: 2022 text: 2022-09-30 day: 30 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationTitle | South African medical journal |
| PublicationYear | 2022 |
| Publisher | South African Medical Association |
| Publisher_xml | – name: South African Medical Association |
| References | 4690 4691 4692 4693 4694 4695 4696 4686 4687 4720 4688 4721 4689 4722 4723 4724 4617 4618 4619 4697 4698 4699 4630 4628 4629 4620 4621 4622 4623 4624 4625 4626 4627 4640 4641 4639 4631 4632 4633 4634 4635 4636 4637 4638 4650 4651 4652 4642 4643 4644 4645 4646 4647 4648 4649 4660 4661 4662 4663 4653 4654 4655 4656 4657 4658 4659 4670 4671 4672 4673 4674 4705 4706 4707 4708 4709 4664 4665 4666 4667 4700 4668 4701 4669 4702 4703 4704 4680 4681 4682 4683 4684 4685 4716 4717 4718 4719 4675 4676 4677 4710 4678 4711 4679 4712 4713 4714 4715 |
| References_xml | – ident: 4637 doi: 10.1115/ES2018-7112 – ident: 4638 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60951-X – ident: 4629 doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldw015 – ident: 4675 doi: 10.2495/AIR160211 – ident: 4624 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6 – ident: 4674 – ident: 4694 – ident: 4713 doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70359-6 – ident: 4707 – ident: 4708 doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.014 – ident: 4665 – ident: 4715 doi: 10.3109/15412555.2014.908834 – ident: 4642 – ident: 4646 doi: 10.1177/2399654418778590 – ident: 4653 doi: 10.1177/0958305X17739475 – ident: 4630 doi: 10.1289/EHP236 – ident: 4656 doi: 10.3390/ijerph16040550 – ident: 4652 doi: 10.1080/23311886.2019.1697499 – ident: 4660 – ident: 4683 doi: 10.1186/1478-7954-1-1 – ident: 4669 doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2007.08.002 – ident: 4627 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167656 – ident: 4679 – ident: 4704 – ident: 4719 doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.03.010 – ident: 4621 doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30343-0 – ident: 4721 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173256 – ident: 4668 – ident: 4687 doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.026 – ident: 4685 – ident: 4716 doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109851 – ident: 4681 doi: 10.1289/EHP3915 – ident: 4722 doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aab047 – ident: 4695 doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-12-77 – ident: 4710 – ident: 4718 doi: 10.1038/s41533-019-0144-8 – ident: 4658 doi: 10.1186/s13104-017-2892-2 – ident: 4659 doi: 10.2495/AIR150211 – ident: 4705 – ident: 4625 doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70168-7 – ident: 4724 doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.05.020 – ident: 4723 doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.12.051 – ident: 4635 doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.002 – ident: 4666 doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30134-1 – ident: 4633 doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.022 – ident: 4640 – ident: 4670 doi: 10.1007/s11027-009-9195-4 – ident: 4648 – ident: 4682 – ident: 4639 – ident: 4693 – ident: 4698 – ident: 4691 doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30113-9 – ident: 4645 – ident: 4676 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134403 – ident: 4620 – ident: 4636 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1900888116 – ident: 4690 doi: 10.3390/ijerph10115378 – ident: 4717 doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201710-831GH – ident: 4664 doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.008 – ident: 4631 doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30140-2 – ident: 4672 doi: 10.17159/2413-3051/2011/v22i3a3220 – ident: 4649 doi: 10.17159/2413-3051/2017/v28i1a1635 – ident: 4712 – ident: 4671 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.07.048 – ident: 4617 – ident: 4677 doi: 10.1007/s11869-017-0475-y – ident: 4703 – ident: 4628 doi: 10.1183/09031936.00099511 – ident: 4673 doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-6604-9 – ident: 4684 – ident: 4711 doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30001-9 – ident: 4644 doi: 10.22233/20412495.0621.1 – ident: 4654 doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2020.11.267 – ident: 4688 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6 – ident: 4626 doi: 10.2471/BLT.07.044529 – ident: 4689 doi: 10.1289/ehp.122-A235 – ident: 4619 doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.02.033 – ident: 4647 doi: 10.17159/2413-3051/2018/v29i3a3310 – ident: 4623 doi: 10.1289/ehp.1205987 – ident: 4634 doi: 10.1007/s11111-017-0269-z – ident: 4696 doi: 10.1080/14786451.2017.1323897 – ident: 4714 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61377-4 – ident: 4632 doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.109 – ident: 4643 – ident: 4650 doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2012.11.045 – ident: 4680 doi: 10.17159/2410-972X/2018/v28n1a11 – ident: 4662 doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-13-32 – ident: 4699 – ident: 4692 – ident: 4667 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00238.x – ident: 4702 doi: 10.1016/j.esd.2014.06.003 – ident: 4686 – ident: 4663 – ident: 4709 doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105333 – ident: 4618 doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aaa49d – ident: 4700 doi: 10.1016/S0973-0826(08)60262-8 – ident: 4720 doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.11.015 – ident: 4701 doi: 10.1016/S0973-0826(08)60262-8 – ident: 4661 doi: 10.7196/SAMJnew.7934 – ident: 4706 – ident: 4697 – ident: 4641 – ident: 4678 doi: 10.1039/D0EM00035C – ident: 4655 doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2016.03.005 – ident: 4622 doi: 10.1183/13993003.00698-2017 – ident: 4657 doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2019.04.007 – ident: 4651 doi: 10.1016/j.eneco.2018.08.005 |
| SSID | ssj0025596 ssib045324610 ssib022775494 ssib005229541 |
| Score | 2.377234 |
| Snippet | Background. Household air pollution (HAP) due to the use of solid fuels for cooking is a global problem with significant impacts on human health, especially in... Household air pollution (HAP) due to the use of solid fuels for cooking is a global problem with significant impacts on human health, especially in low- and... |
| SourceID | doaj proquest crossref |
| SourceType | Open Website Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database |
| StartPage | 718 |
| SubjectTerms | Environment Gas heart disease |
| Title | Estimating the burden of disease attributable to household air pollution from cooking with solid fuels in South Africa for 2000, 2006 and 2012 |
| URI | https://www.proquest.com/docview/2746396033 https://doaj.org/article/d661ab057aeb4509ab807f465315b23b |
| Volume | 112 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos001267521700016&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 2078-5135 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0025596 issn: 0256-9574 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20220101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1NSyQxEA2uiOxF_GTH3ZUSPNrak046naMuigiK4C7MLeSrdxuWHhl7_Bn-ZqvS7ah48OJlGIbpGTqvknrVlbzH2AHJSpVe2ixX2mcicJnp0vlM5yJgUI9JIi2ZTajr62oy0TevrL5oT1gvD9wP3HHABGIdsgobncDsZl2Vq5pUwcbS8cLR6ous51UxlSKLXKpfEj3nJPT2EnlCFqSjli9KM-TVqauJBCDTUol-J5jC8Dy-Pbm6xDqS86MH5CZN5Y5Igku8yWNJ7v_dap5S1Pk6Wxu4JZz097TBlmK7yVavhu75Fns8w_lMDLX9C8j7wKUjDDCtYWjTgO16Ayw6TwXdFP5N5_eRGlRgmxnckS0yAQl0KAU8PfrFn6JHuYAh3ASo55hqoWkhOfNBb0IEyIuBzuoc0msJtg34Zsy32Z_zs9-_LrLBjyHzSOu6TMfKKxF5zUOsY85DKSUXTnnHvdI4pIX1LlR5QetGEazOXVVgIEgShBl7Xeyw5Xbaxm8MJGFZlcGKOpL5sY5ItGoMJ-2QU8g4YuXz6Bo_iJWTZ8Z_g0ULwWIIFkOwmAEWk2AZsXxx4V2v1_HxJacE3-LrJLidPsAwNEMYmo_CcMT2n8E3OEGp62LbiCAZLPuRBZY4Kruf8Uff2Ve6hX7Lyg-23M3m8Sdb8Q9dcz_bY1_UpNpLc-EJDYMBWQ |
| linkProvider | Directory of Open Access Journals |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Estimating+the+burden+of+disease+attributable+to+household+air+pollution+from+cooking+with+solid+fuels+in+South+Africa+for+2000%2C+2006+and+2012&rft.jtitle=South+African+medical+journal&rft.au=Roomaney%2C+R+A&rft.au=Wright%2C+C+Y&rft.au=Cairncross%2C+E&rft.au=Abdelatif%2C+N&rft.date=2022-09-30&rft.issn=0256-9574&rft.eissn=2078-5135&rft.spage=718&rft.epage=728&rft_id=info:doi/10.7196%2FSAMJ.2022.v112i8b.16474&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_7196_SAMJ_2022_v112i8b_16474 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0256-9574&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0256-9574&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0256-9574&client=summon |