Occurrence, toxic effects and removal of metformin in the aquatic environments in the world: Recent trends and perspectives

[Display omitted] •MET antidiabetic drug review was conducted.•The annual consumption of MET worldwide is in tons.•The occurrence of MET in the world ranges from ng L-1 to µg L-1.•MET toxic effects are embryotoxicity, teratogenicity and endocrine disruption.•Phytoremediation, adsorption and biodegra...

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Published in:The Science of the total environment Vol. 702; p. 134924
Main Authors: Elizalde-Velázquez, Gustavo Axel, Gómez-Oliván, Leobardo Manuel
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.02.2020
Subjects:
adsorption
animal ovaries
Antidiabetics
antineoplastic agents
aquatic environment
bioaccumulation
biodegradation
Biodegradation, Environmental
Consumption
effluents
Endocrine Disruptors - analysis
endocrine-disrupting chemicals
Environmental Monitoring
fish
food plants
food webs
humans
Hypoglycemic Agents - analysis
metabolism
Metformin
Metformin - analysis
mussels
noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Occurrence
phytoremediation
polycystic ovary syndrome
Removal
surface water
Toxicity
wastewater treatment
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Consumption
Removal
Metformin
Toxicity
Occurrence
Antidiabetics
ISSN:0048-9697, 1879-1026, 1879-1026
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:[Display omitted] •MET antidiabetic drug review was conducted.•The annual consumption of MET worldwide is in tons.•The occurrence of MET in the world ranges from ng L-1 to µg L-1.•MET toxic effects are embryotoxicity, teratogenicity and endocrine disruption.•Phytoremediation, adsorption and biodegradation are used to remove MET. Metformin (MET) is the most common drug used to treat type 2 diabetes, but also it is used as an anticancer agent and as a treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome. This drug is not metabolized in the human body, and may enter into the environment through different pathways. In wastewater treatments plants (WWTPs), this contaminant is mainly transformed to guanylurea (GUA). However, three further transformation products (TPs): (a) 2,4- diamino-1,3,5-triazine, 4-DAT; (b) 2-amino-4-methylamino-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-AMT; and (c) methylbiguanide, MBG; have also been associated with its metabolism. MET, GUA and MBG have been found in WWTPs influents, effluents and surface waters. Furthermore, MET and GUA bioaccumulate in edible plants species, fish and mussels potentially contaminating the human food web. MET is also a potential endocrine disruptor in fish. Phytoremediation, adsorption and biodegradation have shown a high removal efficiency of MET, in laboratory. Nonetheless, these removal methods had less efficiency when tried in WWTPs. Therefore, MET and its TPs are a threat to the human being as well as to our environment. This review comprehensively discuss the (1) pathways of MET to the environment and its life-cycle, (2) occurrence of MET and its transformation products (3) removal, (4) toxic effects and (5) future trends and perspectives of possible methods of elimination in water in order to provide potential options for managing these contaminants.
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ISSN:0048-9697
1879-1026
1879-1026
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134924