Pre-outbreak forest conditions mediate the effects of spruce beetle outbreaks on fuels in subalpine forests of Colorado
Over the past 30 years, forest disturbances have increased in size, intensity, and frequency globally, an d are predicted to continue increasing due to climate change, potentially relaxing the constraints of vegetation properties on disturbance regimes. However, the consequences of the potentially d...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Ecological applications Vol. 28; no. 2; pp. 457 - 472 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
United States
UNKNOWN
01.03.2018
Ecological Society of America |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 1051-0761, 1939-5582 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | Over the past 30 years, forest disturbances have increased in size, intensity, and frequency globally, an d are predicted to continue increasing due to climate change, potentially relaxing the constraints of vegetation properties on disturbance regimes. However, the consequences of the potentially declining importance of vegetation in determining future disturbance regimes are not well understood. Historically, bark beetles preferentially attack older trees and stands in later stages of development. However, as climate warming intensifies outbreaks by promoting growth of beetle populations and compromising tree defenses, smaller diameter trees and stands in early stages of development now are being affected by outbreaks. To date, no study has considered how stand age and other pre-outbreak forest conditions mediate the effects of outbreaks on surface and aerial fuel arrangements. We collected fuels data across a chronosequence of post-outbreak sites affected by spruce beetle (SB) between the 1940s and the 2010s, stratified by young (<130 yr) and old (>130 yr) post-fire stands. Canopy and surface fuel loads were calculated for each tree and stand, and available crown fuel load, crown bulk density, and canopy bulk densities were estimated. Canopy bulk density and density of live canopy individuals were reduced in all stands affected by SB, though foliage loss was proportionally greater in old stands as compared to young stands. Fine surface fuel loads in young stands were three times greater shortly (<30 yr) following outbreak as compared to young stands not affected by outbreak, after which the abundance of fine surface fuels decreased to below endemic (i.e., non-outbreak) levels. In both young and old stands, the net effect of SB outbreaks during the 20th and 21st centuries reduced total canopy fuels and increased stand-scale spatial heterogeneity of canopy fuels following outbreak. Importantly, the decrease in canopy fuels following outbreaks was greater in young post-fire stands than in older stands, suggesting that SB outbreaks may more substantially reduce risk of active crown fire when they affect stands in earlier stages of development. The current study shows that the effects of SB outbreaks on forest structure and on fuel profiles are strongly contingent on pre-outbreak conditions as determined by pre-outbreak disturbance history. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Over the past 30 years, forest disturbances have increased in size, intensity, and frequency globally, and are predicted to continue increasing due to climate change, potentially relaxing the constraints of vegetation properties on disturbance regimes. However, the consequences of the potentially declining importance of vegetation in determining future disturbance regimes are not well understood. Historically, bark beetles preferentially attack older trees and stands in later stages of development. However, as climate warming intensifies outbreaks by promoting growth of beetle populations and compromising tree defenses, smaller diameter trees and stands in early stages of development now are being affected by outbreaks. To date, no study has considered how stand age and other pre-outbreak forest conditions mediate the effects of outbreaks on surface and aerial fuel arrangements. We collected fuels data across a chronosequence of post-outbreak sites affected by spruce beetle (SB) between the 1940s and the 2010s, stratified by young (<130 yr) and old (>130 yr) post-fire stands. Canopy and surface fuel loads were calculated for each tree and stand, and available crown fuel load, crown bulk density, and canopy bulk densities were estimated. Canopy bulk density and density of live canopy individuals were reduced in all stands affected by SB, though foliage loss was proportionally greater in old stands as compared to young stands. Fine surface fuel loads in young stands were three times greater shortly (<30 yr) following outbreak as compared to young stands not affected by outbreak, after which the abundance of fine surface fuels decreased to below endemic (i.e., non-outbreak) levels. In both young and old stands, the net effect of SB outbreaks during the 20th and 21st centuries reduced total canopy fuels and increased stand-scale spatial heterogeneity of canopy fuels following outbreak. Importantly, the decrease in canopy fuels following outbreaks was greater in young post-fire stands than in older stands, suggesting that SB outbreaks may more substantially reduce risk of active crown fire when they affect stands in earlier stages of development. The current study shows that the effects of SB outbreaks on forest structure and on fuel profiles are strongly contingent on pre-outbreak conditions as determined by pre-outbreak disturbance history.Over the past 30 years, forest disturbances have increased in size, intensity, and frequency globally, and are predicted to continue increasing due to climate change, potentially relaxing the constraints of vegetation properties on disturbance regimes. However, the consequences of the potentially declining importance of vegetation in determining future disturbance regimes are not well understood. Historically, bark beetles preferentially attack older trees and stands in later stages of development. However, as climate warming intensifies outbreaks by promoting growth of beetle populations and compromising tree defenses, smaller diameter trees and stands in early stages of development now are being affected by outbreaks. To date, no study has considered how stand age and other pre-outbreak forest conditions mediate the effects of outbreaks on surface and aerial fuel arrangements. We collected fuels data across a chronosequence of post-outbreak sites affected by spruce beetle (SB) between the 1940s and the 2010s, stratified by young (<130 yr) and old (>130 yr) post-fire stands. Canopy and surface fuel loads were calculated for each tree and stand, and available crown fuel load, crown bulk density, and canopy bulk densities were estimated. Canopy bulk density and density of live canopy individuals were reduced in all stands affected by SB, though foliage loss was proportionally greater in old stands as compared to young stands. Fine surface fuel loads in young stands were three times greater shortly (<30 yr) following outbreak as compared to young stands not affected by outbreak, after which the abundance of fine surface fuels decreased to below endemic (i.e., non-outbreak) levels. In both young and old stands, the net effect of SB outbreaks during the 20th and 21st centuries reduced total canopy fuels and increased stand-scale spatial heterogeneity of canopy fuels following outbreak. Importantly, the decrease in canopy fuels following outbreaks was greater in young post-fire stands than in older stands, suggesting that SB outbreaks may more substantially reduce risk of active crown fire when they affect stands in earlier stages of development. The current study shows that the effects of SB outbreaks on forest structure and on fuel profiles are strongly contingent on pre-outbreak conditions as determined by pre-outbreak disturbance history. Over the past 30 years, forest disturbances have increased in size, intensity, and frequency globally, and are predicted to continue increasing due to climate change, potentially relaxing the constraints of vegetation properties on disturbance regimes. However, the consequences of the potentially declining importance of vegetation in determining future disturbance regimes are not well understood. Historically, bark beetles preferentially attack older trees and stands in later stages of development. However, as climate warming intensifies outbreaks by promoting growth of beetle populations and compromising tree defenses, smaller diameter trees and stands in early stages of development now are being affected by outbreaks. To date, no study has considered how stand age and other pre-outbreak forest conditions mediate the effects of outbreaks on surface and aerial fuel arrangements. We collected fuels data across a chronosequence of post-outbreak sites affected by spruce beetle (SB) between the 1940s and the 2010s, stratified by young (<130 yr) and old (>130 yr) post-fire stands. Canopy and surface fuel loads were calculated for each tree and stand, and available crown fuel load, crown bulk density, and canopy bulk densities were estimated. Canopy bulk density and density of live canopy individuals were reduced in all stands affected by SB, though foliage loss was proportionally greater in old stands as compared to young stands. Fine surface fuel loads in young stands were three times greater shortly (<30 yr) following outbreak as compared to young stands not affected by outbreak, after which the abundance of fine surface fuels decreased to below endemic (i.e., non-outbreak) levels. In both young and old stands, the net effect of SB outbreaks during the 20th and 21st centuries reduced total canopy fuels and increased stand-scale spatial heterogeneity of canopy fuels following outbreak. Importantly, the decrease in canopy fuels following outbreaks was greater in young post-fire stands than in older stands, suggesting that SB outbreaks may more substantially reduce risk of active crown fire when they affect stands in earlier stages of development. The current study shows that the effects of SB outbreaks on forest structure and on fuel profiles are strongly contingent on pre-outbreak conditions as determined by pre-outbreak disturbance history. Over the past 30 years, forest disturbances have increased in size, intensity, and frequency globally, and are predicted to continue increasing due to climate change, potentially relaxing the constraints of vegetation properties on disturbance regimes. However, the consequences of the potentially declining importance of vegetation in determining future disturbance regimes are not well understood. Historically, bark beetles preferentially attack older trees and stands in later stages of development. However, as climate warming intensifies outbreaks by promoting growth of beetle populations and compromising tree defenses, smaller diameter trees and stands in early stages of development now are being affected by outbreaks. To date, no study has considered how stand age and other pre‐outbreak forest conditions mediate the effects of outbreaks on surface and aerial fuel arrangements. We collected fuels data across a chronosequence of post‐outbreak sites affected by spruce beetle (SB) between the 1940s and the 2010s, stratified by young (<130 yr) and old (>130 yr) post‐fire stands. Canopy and surface fuel loads were calculated for each tree and stand, and available crown fuel load, crown bulk density, and canopy bulk densities were estimated. Canopy bulk density and density of live canopy individuals were reduced in all stands affected by SB, though foliage loss was proportionally greater in old stands as compared to young stands. Fine surface fuel loads in young stands were three times greater shortly (<30 yr) following outbreak as compared to young stands not affected by outbreak, after which the abundance of fine surface fuels decreased to below endemic (i.e., non‐outbreak) levels. In both young and old stands, the net effect of SB outbreaks during the 20th and 21st centuries reduced total canopy fuels and increased stand‐scale spatial heterogeneity of canopy fuels following outbreak. Importantly, the decrease in canopy fuels following outbreaks was greater in young post‐fire stands than in older stands, suggesting that SB outbreaks may more substantially reduce risk of active crown fire when they affect stands in earlier stages of development. The current study shows that the effects of SB outbreaks on forest structure and on fuel profiles are strongly contingent on pre‐outbreak conditions as determined by pre‐outbreak disturbance history. Over the past 30 years, forest disturbances have increased in size, intensity, and frequency globally, an d are predicted to continue increasing due to climate change, potentially relaxing the constraints of vegetation properties on disturbance regimes. However, the consequences of the potentially declining importance of vegetation in determining future disturbance regimes are not well understood. Historically, bark beetles preferentially attack older trees and stands in later stages of development. However, as climate warming intensifies outbreaks by promoting growth of beetle populations and compromising tree defenses, smaller diameter trees and stands in early stages of development now are being affected by outbreaks. To date, no study has considered how stand age and other pre-outbreak forest conditions mediate the effects of outbreaks on surface and aerial fuel arrangements. We collected fuels data across a chronosequence of post-outbreak sites affected by spruce beetle (SB) between the 1940s and the 2010s, stratified by young (<130 yr) and old (>130 yr) post-fire stands. Canopy and surface fuel loads were calculated for each tree and stand, and available crown fuel load, crown bulk density, and canopy bulk densities were estimated. Canopy bulk density and density of live canopy individuals were reduced in all stands affected by SB, though foliage loss was proportionally greater in old stands as compared to young stands. Fine surface fuel loads in young stands were three times greater shortly (<30 yr) following outbreak as compared to young stands not affected by outbreak, after which the abundance of fine surface fuels decreased to below endemic (i.e., non-outbreak) levels. In both young and old stands, the net effect of SB outbreaks during the 20th and 21st centuries reduced total canopy fuels and increased stand-scale spatial heterogeneity of canopy fuels following outbreak. Importantly, the decrease in canopy fuels following outbreaks was greater in young post-fire stands than in older stands, suggesting that SB outbreaks may more substantially reduce risk of active crown fire when they affect stands in earlier stages of development. The current study shows that the effects of SB outbreaks on forest structure and on fuel profiles are strongly contingent on pre-outbreak conditions as determined by pre-outbreak disturbance history. |
| Author | Kulakowski, Dominik Mietkiewicz, Nathan Veblen, Thomas T. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Nathan surname: Mietkiewicz fullname: Mietkiewicz, Nathan – sequence: 2 givenname: Dominik surname: Kulakowski fullname: Kulakowski, Dominik – sequence: 3 givenname: Thomas T. surname: Veblen fullname: Veblen, Thomas T. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29405527$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqFkVtrXCEUhaWkNJcW-gdahL705Uy8HD3jYxjSCwSSh-b5oM6WOnX0VD2E_Ps4nUkDoSX7xQ1-a7nd6xQdxRQBofeULCgh7Bz0tKBS0lfohCquOiGW7Kj1RNCODJIeo9NSNqQVY-wNOmaqJ0Kw4QTd3WTo0lxNBv0Lu5ShVGxTXPvqUyx4C2uvK-D6EzA4B7YWnBwuU54tYANQA-BHfbuK2M0QCvYRl9noMPkIB9s_wlUKKet1eoteOx0KvDucZ-j2y-WP1bfu6vrr99XFVWd70tNOW23BkGEQmjHNdN8LY_TSKegHpgyhQgxmMFQD5SCYE04t1SAl2KUlXDl-hj7vfaecfs9tinHri4UQdIQ0l5ERwRWhkrMXUaqUoGLgijb00zN0k-Yc20eaoWSSCSVUoz4eqNm0PY5T9lud78fH7T-9aHMqJYP7i1Ay7oIdW7DjLtiGLp6h1le9y6hm7cO_BN1ecOcD3P_XeLy8uDnwH_b8ptSUn2aVknEqCX8At_C8rw |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1007_s10980_021_01209_7 crossref_primary_10_1111_nrm_12290 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foreco_2020_118879 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2019_04_023 crossref_primary_10_1139_cjfr_2020_0159 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10980_022_01481_1 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1890/13-0230.1 10.2737/RMRS-GTR-116 10.1890/13-0188.1 10.2307/2845552 10.1371/journal.pone.0127975 10.1139/x91-030 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.04.034 10.2307/2261392 10.1002/ecs2.1485 10.2980/16-1-3160 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.00722.x 10.2737/RMRS-GTR-164 10.1139/x06-157 10.1002/eap.1400 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00912.x 10.2737/INT-GTR-129 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01191.x 10.1890/05-0011 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02748.x 10.1890/ES15-00058.1 10.2307/1938916 10.1139/x00-104 10.1641/B580607 10.5962/bhl.title.68796 10.2980/19-2-3487 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.10.020 10.1890/10-1176.1 10.1890/13-1851.1 10.1073/pnas.1424037112 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.045 10.1371/journal.pone.0030002 10.5849/forsci.13-017 10.1890/06-0124 10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/045008 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01456.x 10.3375/043.033.0107 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.09.039 10.1139/X10-217 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.02.004 10.1038/nclimate3303 10.1139/x06-182 10.1007/978-3-319-19809-5_8 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.054 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0362:IBFASB]2.0.CO;2 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.12.035 10.1093/forestscience/57.3.232 10.1890/12-0772.1 10.1371/journal.pone.0181778 10.5849/forsci.10-079 10.1073/pnas.1411346111 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.03.036 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.05.032 10.1093/forestscience/53.4.507 10.1371/journal.pone.0158138 10.1016/j.foreco.2017.05.020 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.10.042 10.5849/forsci.13-050 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2018 by the Ecological Society of America 2018 by the Ecological Society of America. Copyright Ecological Society of America Mar 2018 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2018 by the Ecological Society of America – notice: 2018 by the Ecological Society of America. – notice: Copyright Ecological Society of America Mar 2018 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7QG 7SN 7SS 7ST 7U7 8FD C1K FR3 M7N P64 RC3 SOI 7X8 7S9 L.6 |
| DOI | 10.1002/eap.1661 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed Animal Behavior Abstracts Ecology Abstracts Entomology Abstracts (Full archive) Environment Abstracts Toxicology Abstracts Technology Research Database Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management Engineering Research Database Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Genetics Abstracts Environment Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) Entomology Abstracts Genetics Abstracts Technology Research Database Toxicology Abstracts Animal Behavior Abstracts Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Engineering Research Database Ecology Abstracts Environment Abstracts Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management MEDLINE - Academic AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic MEDLINE Entomology Abstracts CrossRef AGRICOLA |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Biology Ecology Environmental Sciences |
| EISSN | 1939-5582 |
| EndPage | 472 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 29405527 10_1002_eap_1661 EAP1661 26623160 |
| Genre | article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
| GeographicLocations | Colorado |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Colorado |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: National Science Foundation funderid: 1262691; 1262687 – fundername: Libbey Dissertation Enhancement Award |
| GroupedDBID | --- -ET -~X ..I 0R~ 1OC 2AX 33P 4.4 42X 53G 5GY 85S 8WZ A6W AAESR AAHBH AAHKG AAHQN AAIHA AAIKC AAISJ AAKGQ AAMMB AAMNL AAMNW AANLZ AASGY AAXRX AAYCA AAZKR ABAWQ ABBHK ABCUV ABEFU ABJNI ABLJU ABPFR ABPLY ABPPZ ABPQH ABSQW ABTLG ABXSQ ACAHQ ACCZN ACGFS ACHIC ACHJO ACNCT ACPOU ACSTJ ACUBG ACXBN ACXQS ADBBV ADKYN ADMGS ADNWM ADOZA ADULT ADXAS ADZMN AEFGJ AEIGN AENEX AEUPB AEUYR AEYWJ AFAZZ AFBPY AFFPM AFGKR AFWVQ AFXHP AFZJQ AGHNM AGUYK AGXDD AGYGG AHBTC AHXOZ AIDQK AIDYY AILXY AITYG AIURR ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALUQN ALVPJ AMYDB ANHSF AQVQM AZFZN AZVAB BFHJK BMXJE BRXPI CBGCD CS3 CUYZI DCZOG DEVKO DRFUL DRSTM DU5 EBS ECGQY EJD F5P HGLYW H~9 IAO IEA IGH IOF IPSME JAAYA JAS JBMMH JBS JBZCM JEB JENOY JHFFW JKQEH JLEZI JLS JLXEF JPL JPM JST L7B LATKE LEEKS LITHE LOXES LUTES LYRES MEWTI MV1 MXFUL MXSTM NXSMM O9- P2P P2W ROL RSZ SA0 SUPJJ TN5 UKR V62 WBKPD WH7 WOHZO WXSBR XSW YV5 YYM YYP Z0I ZCA ZO4 ZZTAW ~02 ~KM .-4 1OB 29G AAHHS AAYJJ ABYAD ACCFJ ACTWD ADZOD AEEZP AEQDE AEUQT AI. AIDAL AIWBW AJBDE AS~ DDYGU DOOOF EQZMY FVMVE GTFYD HGD HQ2 HTVGU HVGLF IAG IEP ITC JSODD MVM NHB P0- PALCI RJQFR SAMSI VH1 VOH VQA XIH Y6R YXE ZCG AAYXX AIQQE CITATION LH4 CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7QG 7SN 7SS 7ST 7U7 8FD C1K FR3 M7N P64 RC3 SOI 7X8 7S9 L.6 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c4041-acaceb0775a22a2a445bba8f9e4729b01557b7b1ae13e52f5f989766ec8c039f3 |
| IEDL.DBID | DRFUL |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 6 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000426499100016&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1051-0761 |
| IngestDate | Fri Sep 05 17:29:18 EDT 2025 Sun Nov 09 10:18:50 EST 2025 Wed Aug 13 09:19:56 EDT 2025 Wed Feb 19 02:33:50 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 03:26:43 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 21:01:43 EST 2025 Wed Jan 22 16:33:44 EST 2025 Thu Jul 03 22:32:39 EDT 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 2 |
| Keywords | conifer forests Rocky Mountains, USA Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby disturbance interactions disturbance legacies linked disturbances natural disturbances western U.S. forests Picea engelmannii fuel heterogeneity |
| Language | English |
| License | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#am http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor 2018 by the Ecological Society of America. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c4041-acaceb0775a22a2a445bba8f9e4729b01557b7b1ae13e52f5f989766ec8c039f3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| PMID | 29405527 |
| PQID | 2062625959 |
| PQPubID | 2048294 |
| PageCount | 16 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_2053901632 proquest_miscellaneous_1995157391 proquest_journals_2062625959 pubmed_primary_29405527 crossref_primary_10_1002_eap_1661 crossref_citationtrail_10_1002_eap_1661 wiley_primary_10_1002_eap_1661_EAP1661 jstor_primary_26623160 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 20180301 March 2018 2018-03-00 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2018-03-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 3 year: 2018 text: 20180301 day: 1 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: Washington |
| PublicationTitle | Ecological applications |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Ecol Appl |
| PublicationYear | 2018 |
| Publisher | UNKNOWN Ecological Society of America |
| Publisher_xml | – name: UNKNOWN – name: Ecological Society of America |
| References | 2017; 7 2013; 23 2015a; 112 2006; 33 2012; 280 2006; 36 1974 2013; 289 2012; 19 2014a; 95 2011; 57 2012; 58 2014; 60 1978 1977 2014b; 318 1991c; 72 2015; 335 2013; 94 2014a; 24 1982 2002; 90 1981 2003; 84 2001; 57 2017; 400 2009; 16 2014b; 111 1900 1950; 48 1991a; 18 2015; 6 2011 2006b 2011; 81 2016; 366 2008; 58 2005; 86 1996 2006 2008; 11 2016; 369 2012; 39 2003 1992 2007; 53 2003; 30 1994; 82 2006a; 36 2009; 258 2016; 360 2016; 11 2016; 7 2013; 33 2000; 30 2017; 12 2005; 206 2011; 41 1983; 43 2016 2015 2008; 254 2012; 7 2007; 88 1991b; 21 2015b; 10 1968 e_1_2_7_5_1 e_1_2_7_3_1 e_1_2_7_9_1 e_1_2_7_7_1 e_1_2_7_19_1 e_1_2_7_60_1 e_1_2_7_17_1 e_1_2_7_62_1 e_1_2_7_15_1 e_1_2_7_41_1 e_1_2_7_64_1 e_1_2_7_13_1 e_1_2_7_43_1 e_1_2_7_66_1 e_1_2_7_11_1 e_1_2_7_45_1 e_1_2_7_26_1 e_1_2_7_28_1 Stokes M. A. (e_1_2_7_68_1) 1968 Page W. G. (e_1_2_7_51_1) 2007; 53 e_1_2_7_73_1 e_1_2_7_71_1 e_1_2_7_25_1 e_1_2_7_31_1 e_1_2_7_52_1 e_1_2_7_23_1 e_1_2_7_33_1 e_1_2_7_54_1 e_1_2_7_35_1 e_1_2_7_56_1 e_1_2_7_37_1 e_1_2_7_39_1 Sudworth G. B. (e_1_2_7_69_1) 1900 Mielke J. L. (e_1_2_7_47_1) 1950; 48 e_1_2_7_6_1 e_1_2_7_4_1 Grissino Mayer H. D. (e_1_2_7_21_1) 2001; 57 e_1_2_7_8_1 e_1_2_7_18_1 Schmid J. M. (e_1_2_7_61_1) 1977 e_1_2_7_16_1 e_1_2_7_40_1 e_1_2_7_2_1 e_1_2_7_14_1 e_1_2_7_42_1 e_1_2_7_63_1 e_1_2_7_12_1 Holmes R. L. (e_1_2_7_30_1) 1983; 43 e_1_2_7_44_1 e_1_2_7_65_1 e_1_2_7_10_1 e_1_2_7_46_1 e_1_2_7_67_1 e_1_2_7_48_1 e_1_2_7_27_1 e_1_2_7_29_1 Jorgensen C. A. (e_1_2_7_34_1) 2011; 57 e_1_2_7_72_1 e_1_2_7_70_1 e_1_2_7_53_1 e_1_2_7_24_1 e_1_2_7_32_1 e_1_2_7_55_1 e_1_2_7_74_1 e_1_2_7_22_1 Schmid J. M. (e_1_2_7_59_1) 1992 e_1_2_7_20_1 e_1_2_7_36_1 Safranyik L. (e_1_2_7_57_1) 2006 Schmid J. M. (e_1_2_7_58_1) 1981 e_1_2_7_38_1 Oliver C. D. (e_1_2_7_49_1) 1996 Page W. G. (e_1_2_7_50_1) 2015 |
| References_xml | – year: 2011 – volume: 18 start-page: 707 year: 1991a end-page: 716 article-title: Disturbance and stand development of a Colorado subalpine forest publication-title: Journal of Biogeography – year: 1981 – volume: 6 start-page: art70 year: 2015 article-title: Disturbance interactions: characterization, prediction, and the potential for cascading effects publication-title: Ecosphere – volume: 369 start-page: 38 year: 2016 end-page: 46 article-title: Forest‐landscape structure mediates effects of a spruce bark beetle ( ) outbreak on subsequent likelihood of burning in Alaskan boreal forest publication-title: Forest Ecology and Management – volume: 58 start-page: 1 year: 2012 end-page: 14 article-title: Factors influencing the spatial and temporal dynamics of Engelmann spruce mortality during a spruce beetle outbreak on the Markagunt Plateau, Utah publication-title: Forest Science – volume: 19 start-page: 113 year: 2012 end-page: 126 article-title: Dendroecological reconstruction of 1980s mountain pine beetle outbreak in lodgepole pine forests in northwestern Colorado publication-title: Ecoscience – volume: 11 start-page: 045008 year: 2016 article-title: Do insect outbreaks reduce the severity of subsequent forest fires? publication-title: Environmental Research Letters – volume: 33 start-page: 833 year: 2006 end-page: 842 article-title: Relationships of subalpine forest fires in the Colorado Front Range with interannual and multidecadal‐scale climatic variation publication-title: Journal of Biogeography – year: 1900 – volume: 82 start-page: 125 year: 1994 end-page: 135 article-title: Disturbance regime and disturbance interactions in a Rocky Mountain subalpine forest publication-title: Journal of Ecology – volume: 23 start-page: 3 year: 2013 end-page: 20 article-title: Bark beetle effects on fuel profiles across a range of stand structures in Douglas‐fir forests of Greater Yellowstone publication-title: Ecological Applications – volume: 112 start-page: 4375 year: 2015a end-page: 4380 article-title: Area burned in the western United States is unaffected by recent mountain pine beetle outbreaks publication-title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA – volume: 57 start-page: 232 year: 2011 end-page: 240 article-title: Fuel complex alterations associated with spruce beetle‐induced tree mortality in intermountain spruce/fir forests publication-title: Forest Science – volume: 48 start-page: 882 year: 1950 article-title: Rate of deterioration of beetle‐killed Engelmann spruce publication-title: Journal of Forestry – volume: 10 start-page: e0127975 year: 2015b article-title: Negative feedbacks on bark beetle outbreaks: widespread and severe spruce beetle infestation restricts subsequent infestation publication-title: PLoS ONE – start-page: 3 year: 2006 end-page: 66 – volume: 90 start-page: 806 year: 2002 end-page: 819 article-title: Influences of fire history and topography on the pattern of a severe wind blowdown in a Colorado subalpine forest publication-title: Journal of Ecology – volume: 206 start-page: 1 year: 2005 end-page: 14 article-title: Regulation of spruce bark beetles by woodpeckers – a literature review publication-title: Forest Ecology and Management – year: 1982 – volume: 95 start-page: 930 year: 2014a end-page: 939 article-title: Drought induces spruce beetle ( ) outbreaks across northwestern Colorado publication-title: Ecology – volume: 7 start-page: 395 year: 2017 end-page: 402 article-title: Forest disturbances under climate change publication-title: Nature Climate Change – volume: 41 start-page: 331 year: 2011 end-page: 340 article-title: Changes in litter and dead wood loads following tree death beneath subalpine conifer species in northern Colorado publication-title: Canadian Journal of Forest Research – volume: 318 start-page: 44 year: 2014b end-page: 53 article-title: Do tree and stand‐level attributes determine susceptibility of spruce–fir forests to spruce beetle outbreaks in the early 21st century? publication-title: Forest Ecology and Management – volume: 254 start-page: 16 year: 2008 end-page: 34 article-title: Bark beetles, fuels, fires and implications for forest management in the Intermountain West publication-title: Forest Ecology and Management – volume: 39 start-page: 2052 year: 2012 end-page: 2060 article-title: Stand‐replacing fires reduce susceptibility of lodgepole pine to mountain pine beetle outbreaks in Colorado publication-title: Journal of Biogeography – start-page: 201 year: 2015 end-page: 231 – volume: 7 start-page: e30002 year: 2012 article-title: Effects of mountain pine beetle on fuels and expected fire behavior in lodgepole pine forests, Colorado, USA publication-title: PLoS ONE – volume: 43 start-page: 69 year: 1983 end-page: 75 article-title: Computer‐assisted quality control in tree‐ring dating and measurement publication-title: Tree‐Ring Bulletin – start-page: 51 year: 1992 end-page: 59 – volume: 60 start-page: 1 year: 2014 end-page: 12 article-title: Spruce beetle‐induced changes to Engelmann spruce foliage flammability publication-title: Forest Science – volume: 58 start-page: 501 year: 2008 end-page: 517 article-title: Cross‐scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: the dynamics of bark beetle eruptions publication-title: BioScience – volume: 81 start-page: 3 year: 2011 end-page: 24 article-title: Do mountain pine beetle outbreaks change the probability of active crown fire in lodgepole pine forests? publication-title: Ecological Monographs – year: 1968 – volume: 12 start-page: e0181778 year: 2017 article-title: Evidence of compounded disturbance effects on vegetation recovery following high‐severity wildfire and spruce beetle outbreak publication-title: PLoS ONE – volume: 258 start-page: 641 year: 2009 end-page: 649 article-title: Stand characteristics and downed woody debris accumulations associated with a mountain pine beetle ( Hopkins) outbreak in Colorado publication-title: Forest Ecology and Management – year: 2016 article-title: Relative importance of climate and mountain pine beetle outbreaks on the occurrence of large wildfires in the western US publication-title: Ecological Applications – year: 2003 – volume: 86 start-page: 3018 year: 2005 end-page: 3029 article-title: Multiple disturbance interactions and drought influence fire severity in Rocky Mountain subalpine forests publication-title: Ecology – year: 1996 – volume: 24 start-page: 1608 year: 2014a end-page: 1625 article-title: Fire severity and tree regeneration following bark beetle outbreaks: the role of outbreak stage and burning conditions publication-title: Ecological Applications – volume: 289 start-page: 544 year: 2013 end-page: 550 article-title: Low‐severity fires increase susceptibility of lodgepole pine to mountain pine beetle outbreaks in Colorado publication-title: Forest Ecology and Management – volume: 57 start-page: 205 year: 2001 end-page: 221 article-title: Evaluating crossdating accuracy: a manual and tutorial for the computer program COFECHA publication-title: Tree‐Ring Research – volume: 280 start-page: 93 year: 2012 end-page: 102 article-title: Thirty year change in lodgepole and lodgepole/mixed conifer forest structure following 1980s mountain pine beetle outbreak in western Colorado, USA publication-title: Forest Ecology and Management – volume: 88 start-page: 759 year: 2007 end-page: 769 article-title: Effect of prior disturbances on the extent and severity of wildfire in Colorado subalpine forests publication-title: Ecology – volume: 11 start-page: 756 year: 2008 end-page: 770 article-title: Disturbance‐driven changes in the variability of ecological patterns and processes publication-title: Ecology Letters – year: 1977 – volume: 400 start-page: 38 year: 2017 end-page: 47 article-title: Surface fuel changes after severe disturbances in northern Rocky Mountain ecosystems publication-title: Forest Ecology and Management – volume: 7 start-page: e01485 year: 2016 article-title: The relative importance of tree and stand properties in susceptibility to spruce beetle outbreak in the mid‐20th century publication-title: Ecosphere – volume: 36 start-page: 2803 year: 2006 end-page: 2814 article-title: Estimating canopy fuel characteristics in five conifer stands in the western United States using tree and stand measurements publication-title: Canadian Journal of Forest Research – volume: 111 start-page: 15120 year: 2014b end-page: 15125 article-title: Recent mountain pine beetle outbreaks, wildfire severity, and postfire tree regeneration in the US Northern Rockies publication-title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA – volume: 335 start-page: 194 year: 2015 end-page: 206 article-title: Comparison of riparian and upland forest stand structure and fuel loads in beetle infested watersheds, southern Rocky Mountains publication-title: Forest Ecology and Management – volume: 33 start-page: 59 year: 2013 end-page: 65 article-title: Do bark beetle outbreaks increase wildfire risks in the central U.S. Rocky Mountains? Implications from recent research publication-title: Natural Areas Journal – volume: 30 start-page: 1788 year: 2000 end-page: 1798 article-title: Dendroecological detection of spruce bark beetle outbreaks in northwestern Colorado publication-title: Canadian Journal of Forest Research – volume: 84 start-page: 362 year: 2003 end-page: 371 article-title: Interactions between fire and Spruce beetle in a subalpine Rocky Mountain forest landscape publication-title: Ecology – volume: 94 start-page: 2475 year: 2013 end-page: 2486 article-title: Influence of recent bark beetle outbreak on fire severity and post‐fire tree regeneration in montane Douglas‐fir forests publication-title: Ecology – volume: 21 start-page: 242 year: 1991b end-page: 254 article-title: Methods of detecting past spruce beetle outbreaks in Rocky Mountain subalpine forests publication-title: Canadian Journal of Forest Research – volume: 16 start-page: 28 year: 2009 end-page: 38 article-title: Wildfire and spruce beetle outbreak: simulation of interacting disturbances in the central Rocky Mountains publication-title: Ecoscience – volume: 30 start-page: 1445 year: 2003 end-page: 1456 article-title: Effects of fire and spruce beetle outbreak legacies on the disturbance regime of a subalpine forest in Colorado publication-title: Journal of Biogeography – year: 2006 – start-page: 174 year: 2015 end-page: 180 – year: 1974 – start-page: 84 year: 2006b – volume: 60 start-page: 489 year: 2014 end-page: 501 article-title: Interactions among the mountain pine beetle, fires, and fuels publication-title: Forest Science – volume: 36 start-page: 2974 year: 2006a end-page: 2982 article-title: The effect of fires on susceptibility of subalpine forests to a 19th century spruce beetle outbreak in western Colorado publication-title: Canadian Journal of Forest Research – volume: 360 start-page: 242 year: 2016 end-page: 252 article-title: Forest disturbance across the conterminous United States from 1985–2012: the emerging dominance of forest decline publication-title: Forest Ecology and Management – volume: 72 start-page: 213 year: 1991c end-page: 231 article-title: The response of subalpine forests to spruce beetle outbreak in Colorado publication-title: Ecology – volume: 366 start-page: 73 year: 2016 end-page: 86 article-title: Fire severity and cumulative disturbance effects in the post‐mountain pine beetle lodgepole pine forests of the Pole Creek Fire publication-title: Forest Ecology and Management – year: 1978 – volume: 11 start-page: e0158138 year: 2016 article-title: Fire severity controlled susceptibility to a 1940s spruce beetle outbreak in Colorado, USA publication-title: PLoS ONE – volume: 53 start-page: 507 year: 2007 end-page: 518 article-title: Mountain pine beetle‐induced changes to selected lodgepole pine fuel complexes within the intermountain region publication-title: Forest Science – ident: e_1_2_7_24_1 doi: 10.1890/13-0230.1 – ident: e_1_2_7_55_1 doi: 10.2737/RMRS-GTR-116 – ident: e_1_2_7_27_1 doi: 10.1890/13-0188.1 – ident: e_1_2_7_72_1 doi: 10.2307/2845552 – ident: e_1_2_7_26_1 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127975 – ident: e_1_2_7_73_1 doi: 10.1139/x91-030 – ident: e_1_2_7_33_1 – ident: e_1_2_7_36_1 doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.04.034 – ident: e_1_2_7_60_1 – ident: e_1_2_7_71_1 doi: 10.2307/2261392 – ident: e_1_2_7_3_1 doi: 10.1002/ecs2.1485 – ident: e_1_2_7_14_1 doi: 10.2980/16-1-3160 – ident: e_1_2_7_38_1 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.00722.x – ident: e_1_2_7_45_1 doi: 10.2737/RMRS-GTR-164 – ident: e_1_2_7_56_1 doi: 10.1139/x06-157 – ident: e_1_2_7_48_1 doi: 10.1002/eap.1400 – ident: e_1_2_7_8_1 – ident: e_1_2_7_43_1 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00912.x – ident: e_1_2_7_10_1 doi: 10.2737/INT-GTR-129 – ident: e_1_2_7_20_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01191.x – ident: e_1_2_7_5_1 doi: 10.1890/05-0011 – ident: e_1_2_7_42_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02748.x – ident: e_1_2_7_11_1 doi: 10.1890/ES15-00058.1 – ident: e_1_2_7_74_1 doi: 10.2307/1938916 – ident: e_1_2_7_18_1 doi: 10.1139/x00-104 – ident: e_1_2_7_54_1 doi: 10.1641/B580607 – ident: e_1_2_7_9_1 doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.68796 – ident: e_1_2_7_66_1 doi: 10.2980/19-2-3487 – ident: e_1_2_7_37_1 doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.10.020 – ident: e_1_2_7_65_1 doi: 10.1890/10-1176.1 – ident: e_1_2_7_28_1 doi: 10.1890/13-1851.1 – start-page: 174 volume-title: Proceedings of the Large Wildland Fires Conference; May 19–23, 2014; Missoula, Montana year: 2015 ident: e_1_2_7_50_1 – start-page: 3 volume-title: The mountain pine beetle: a synthesis of biology, management, and impacts on lodgepole pine year: 2006 ident: e_1_2_7_57_1 – ident: e_1_2_7_23_1 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1424037112 – ident: e_1_2_7_31_1 doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.045 – ident: e_1_2_7_62_1 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030002 – volume-title: An introduction to tree‐ring dating year: 1968 ident: e_1_2_7_68_1 – ident: e_1_2_7_70_1 – ident: e_1_2_7_32_1 doi: 10.5849/forsci.13-017 – ident: e_1_2_7_41_1 doi: 10.1890/06-0124 – volume: 48 start-page: 882 year: 1950 ident: e_1_2_7_47_1 article-title: Rate of deterioration of beetle‐killed Engelmann spruce publication-title: Journal of Forestry – volume-title: Forest stand dynamics year: 1996 ident: e_1_2_7_49_1 – ident: e_1_2_7_46_1 doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/045008 – ident: e_1_2_7_40_1 – ident: e_1_2_7_64_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01456.x – ident: e_1_2_7_7_1 doi: 10.3375/043.033.0107 – volume: 57 start-page: 205 year: 2001 ident: e_1_2_7_21_1 article-title: Evaluating crossdating accuracy: a manual and tutorial for the computer program COFECHA publication-title: Tree‐Ring Research – volume-title: Spruce beetle in blowdown year: 1981 ident: e_1_2_7_58_1 – volume-title: White River Plateau timber land reserve year: 1900 ident: e_1_2_7_69_1 – ident: e_1_2_7_17_1 doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.09.039 – ident: e_1_2_7_6_1 doi: 10.1139/X10-217 – ident: e_1_2_7_2_1 doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.02.004 – ident: e_1_2_7_63_1 doi: 10.1038/nclimate3303 – ident: e_1_2_7_39_1 doi: 10.1139/x06-182 – ident: e_1_2_7_35_1 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-19809-5_8 – ident: e_1_2_7_19_1 doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.054 – ident: e_1_2_7_4_1 doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0362:IBFASB]2.0.CO;2 – volume: 43 start-page: 69 year: 1983 ident: e_1_2_7_30_1 article-title: Computer‐assisted quality control in tree‐ring dating and measurement publication-title: Tree‐Ring Bulletin – volume-title: Spruce beetle in the Rockies year: 1977 ident: e_1_2_7_61_1 – ident: e_1_2_7_25_1 doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.12.035 – volume: 57 start-page: 232 year: 2011 ident: e_1_2_7_34_1 article-title: Fuel complex alterations associated with spruce beetle‐induced tree mortality in intermountain spruce/fir forests publication-title: Forest Science doi: 10.1093/forestscience/57.3.232 – ident: e_1_2_7_16_1 doi: 10.1890/12-0772.1 – start-page: 51 volume-title: Old‐growth forest in the Southwest and Rock Mountain Regions, Proceedings of a Workshop year: 1992 ident: e_1_2_7_59_1 – ident: e_1_2_7_12_1 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181778 – ident: e_1_2_7_15_1 doi: 10.5849/forsci.10-079 – ident: e_1_2_7_29_1 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1411346111 – ident: e_1_2_7_22_1 doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.03.036 – ident: e_1_2_7_53_1 doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.05.032 – volume: 53 start-page: 507 year: 2007 ident: e_1_2_7_51_1 article-title: Mountain pine beetle‐induced changes to selected lodgepole pine fuel complexes within the intermountain region publication-title: Forest Science doi: 10.1093/forestscience/53.4.507 – ident: e_1_2_7_44_1 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158138 – ident: e_1_2_7_67_1 doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2017.05.020 – ident: e_1_2_7_13_1 doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.10.042 – ident: e_1_2_7_52_1 doi: 10.5849/forsci.13-050 |
| SSID | ssj0000222 |
| Score | 2.2938478 |
| Snippet | Over the past 30 years, forest disturbances have increased in size, intensity, and frequency globally, an d are predicted to continue increasing due to climate... Over the past 30 years, forest disturbances have increased in size, intensity, and frequency globally, and are predicted to continue increasing due to climate... Over the past 30 years, forest disturbances have increased in size, intensity, and frequency globally, and are predicted to continue increasing due to climate... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed crossref wiley jstor |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 457 |
| SubjectTerms | Animals Bark bark beetles Beetles Bulk density Canopies canopy chronosequences Climate change Coleoptera Colorado conifer forests Dendroctonus rufipennis Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby Developmental stages disturbance interactions disturbance legacies Disturbances Evergreen trees Fires Foliage Forests fuel heterogeneity fuel loading Fuels fuels (fire ecology) Global warming Herbivores Heterogeneity leaves linked disturbances natural disturbances Outbreaks Pest outbreaks Picea engelmannii Risk reduction Rocky Mountains, USA Spatial heterogeneity spatial variation stand age subalpine forests Trees Vegetation western U.S. forests |
| Title | Pre-outbreak forest conditions mediate the effects of spruce beetle outbreaks on fuels in subalpine forests of Colorado |
| URI | https://www.jstor.org/stable/26623160 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Feap.1661 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29405527 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2062625959 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1995157391 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2053901632 |
| Volume | 28 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000426499100016&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVWIB databaseName: Wiley Online Library Full Collection 2020 customDbUrl: eissn: 1939-5582 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000222 issn: 1051-0761 databaseCode: DRFUL dateStart: 19970101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com providerName: Wiley-Blackwell |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3NatwwEB7aTQu9NE3bbd2mQYXSntzYsvyjY0h3ySGEpTSwNzOSZQgN9rJeF3LrI_QZ-yQdWfIugQQKOVmgkTyWZqRvrJkRwCcsNJc6TUJJ4DYU0qpUZrKw4rKm7bxIahzyzJ7nFxfFcikX3qvSxsK4_BDbH25WM4b12io4qu54lzTU4OprnFnLZ4-T2KYT2Pv2fX55vluH3RkCvZEMZrLWx9SzET8e297ajJw_4l1I8zZwHXae-f5DeH4Bzz3eZCdOQA7gkWlewlN3A-UNlWbal6azXcgbNfA6372Cm8Xa_P39p-03ZD3jT0Yol7hmZEdXzt2LDdEnG8MISzLvH8LamnUrKzdMGUPyyMb2VNWwuqctmV01rOsVXq_ou3y3Q8NTYmmNVfsaLuezH6dnob-wIdQiEnGIGrVRNqkeco4chUiVwqKWRhCGVxae5SpXMZo4MSmv01oWBIcyowsdJbJOpjBp2sa8BaZi5dBLLiqRVQnmiVBCSxssi6hEAF_GmSu1z2ZuL9W4Ll0eZl7SWJd2rAP4uKVcuQwed9BMh8nfEhBsIeCbRQEcjtJQeuXuSh6RFUhmYyqp7201qaU9a8HGtH1X2sj3OM0TGd9Pw2kBJDiWJTyAN07SdgxIQtIpzwP4PAjUvayXs5OFfb77X8L38IxAX-H86A5hsln35gM80b82V936CB7ny-LIq9I_zsAgrQ |
| linkProvider | Wiley-Blackwell |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3NatwwEB5C0tJemv5t6zZtVSjtyYktyT8ip5DuktLtspQEchOSLENosJf1upBbHiHP2CfpyLJ3CSRQ6MkCj-SxNCN9I82MAD6p3FBhEhYKBLchF06lUpuGBRUlLuc5K1WXZ3aazWb5-bmYb8HhEAvj80OsN9ycZnTztVNwtyF9sMkaatViP06d6bPDUYpQvHe-_pycTTcTsT9EwE-ixYzm-pB7NqIHQ91bq5F3SLwLat5Grt3SM9n9L6afwpMecZIjLyLPYMtWz-Ghv4PyCktj05dG403QG1botb55AVfzpf1zfVO3K7Sf1S-COBfZJmhJF97hi3TxJytLEE2S3kOE1CVpFk5yiLYWJZIM9fFVRcoWF2VyUZGm1epygT_WN9tVPEaWlqqoX8LZZHx6fBL2VzaEhkc8DpVRxmqXVk9RqqjiPNFa5aWwHFG8dgAt05mOlY2ZTWiZlCJHQJRak5uIiZKNYLuqK_saiI61xy8ZL3haMJUxrrkRLlxWKc0D-DIMnTR9PnN3rcal9JmYqcS-lq6vA_i4plz4HB530Iy60V8TIHBB6JtGAewN4iB79W4kjdAORMMxEdj2-jUqpjttUZWt20a62Pc4yZiI76ehOAUiIEsZDeCVF7UNAwKxdEKzAD53EnUv63J8NHfPN_9K-AEenZz-mMrpt9n3t_AYIWDuver2YHu1bO07eGB-ry6a5fteo_4COlsjtQ |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1fi9QwEB-OPRVf_L9aPTWC6FPv2jT9E3w67nZRXJZFPLi3kKQpHB5t2W6Fe_Mj-Bn9JE6adJeDOxB8aiCTdJrMJL9pZiYA72WhKddpEnIEtyHjVqUyk4Ul5RVu50VSySHP7CJfLovzc77ag09jLIzLD7H94WY1Y1ivrYKbtqyOdllDjWwP48yaPvvM3iEzgf3Tb_OzxW4hdocI-Eq0mNFcH3PPRvRobHttN3IOiTdBzevIddh65g__i-lH8MAjTnLsROQx7Jn6Cdx1d1BeYWmmfWk62wW9YQOv9d1TuFqtzZ9fv5t-g_az_EEQ5yLbBC3p0jl8kSH-ZGMIokniPURIU5GutZJDlDEokWRsj1U1qXrclMlFTbpeycsWP8x3OzQ8QZbWsmyewdl89v3kc-ivbAg1i1gcSi21UTatnqRUUslYqpQsKm4YonhlAVquchVLEycmpVVa8QIBUWZ0oaOEV8kUJnVTmxdAVKwcfslZybIykXnCFNPchstKqVgAH8epE9rnM7fXalwKl4mZChxrYcc6gHdbytbl8LiBZjrM_pYAgQtC3ywK4GAUB-HVuxM0QjsQDceUY9_balRMe9oia9P0nbCx73GaJzy-nYbiEoiALEtoAM-dqO0Y4IilU5oH8GGQqFtZF7PjlX2-_FfCt3BvdToXiy_Lr6_gPiLAwjnVHcBks-7Na7ijf24uuvUbr1B_AZGkIzA |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pre%E2%80%90outbreak+forest+conditions+mediate+the+effects+of+spruce+beetle+outbreaks+on+fuels+in+subalpine+forests+of+Colorado&rft.jtitle=Ecological+applications&rft.au=Mietkiewicz%2C+Nathan&rft.au=Kulakowski%2C+Dominik&rft.au=Veblen%2C+Thomas+T.&rft.date=2018-03-01&rft.issn=1051-0761&rft.eissn=1939-5582&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=457&rft.epage=472&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Feap.1661&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1002_eap_1661 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1051-0761&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1051-0761&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1051-0761&client=summon |