Autonomous Recharging and Flight Mission Planning for Battery-Operated Autonomous Drones

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, are being increasingly deployed throughout the globe as a means to streamline monitoring, inspection, mapping, and logistic routines. When dispatched on autonomous missions, drones require an intelligent decision-making system for trajectory...

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Veröffentlicht in:	IEEE transactions on automation science and engineering Jg. 20; H. 2; S. 1034 - 1046
Hauptverfasser:	Alyassi, Rashid, Khonji, Majid, Karapetyan, Areg, Chau, Sid Chi-Kin, Elbassioni, Khaled, Tseng, Chien-Ming
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	New York IEEE 01.04.2023 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Schlagworte:	Algorithms approximation algorithm Approximation algorithms Automation Batteries Charging stations Decision making Decision theory Disaster management Drone aircraft Drone vehicles Drones Environmental management Environmental monitoring flight mission planning Inspection Machine learning Management systems Mathematical analysis Mathematical models Mission planning Multiple criterion Optimization Path tracking Planning Power consumption power consumption modeling Power demand Power management Recharging recharging optimization Rotors Routing Space missions Trajectory planning Traveling salesman problem Unmanned aerial vehicles
ISSN:	1545-5955, 1558-3783
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Abstract	Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, are being increasingly deployed throughout the globe as a means to streamline monitoring, inspection, mapping, and logistic routines. When dispatched on autonomous missions, drones require an intelligent decision-making system for trajectory planning and tour optimization. Given the limited capacity of their onboard batteries, a key design challenge is to ensure the underlying algorithms can efficiently optimize the mission objectives along with recharging operations during long-haul flights. With this in view, the present work undertakes a comprehensive study on automated tour management systems for an energy-constrained drone: (1) We construct a machine learning model that estimates the energy expenditure of typical multi-rotor drones while accounting for real-world aspects and extrinsic meteorological factors. (2) Leveraging this model, the joint program of flight mission planning and recharging optimization is formulated as a multi-criteria Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Problem (ATSP), wherein a drone seeks for the time-optimal energy-feasible tour that visits all the target sites and refuels whenever necessary. (3) We devise an efficient approximation algorithm with provable worst-case performance guarantees and implement it in a drone management system, which supports real-time flight path tracking and re- computation in dynamic environments. (4) The effectiveness and practicality of the proposed approach are validated through extensive numerical simulations as well as real-world experiments. Note to Practitioners-This study is stimulated by the need for developing pragmatic and provably efficient automated tour management systems for UAVs deployed on energy-constrained, long-distance flight missions. As such, UAVs provide a nifty platform for facilitating environmental monitoring, disaster management, transport of medical supplies, as well as expediting last-mile deliveries. However, existing path planners generally fall short of capturing several crucial aspects, such as detailed power consumption model (e.g., factoring in payload, wind speed and direction) or performance guarantees, potentially leading to underutilized or infeasible routing decisions. To address these issues, the present work proposes a theoretically-backed routing approach with a certifiable degree of optimality and develops an effective, practical power consumption evaluation model for multi-rotor UAVs, verified on multiple drone models.
AbstractList	Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, are being increasingly deployed throughout the globe as a means to streamline monitoring, inspection, mapping, and logistic routines. When dispatched on autonomous missions, drones require an intelligent decision-making system for trajectory planning and tour optimization. Given the limited capacity of their onboard batteries, a key design challenge is to ensure the underlying algorithms can efficiently optimize the mission objectives along with recharging operations during long-haul flights. With this in view, the present work undertakes a comprehensive study on automated tour management systems for an energy-constrained drone: (1) We construct a machine learning model that estimates the energy expenditure of typical multi-rotor drones while accounting for real-world aspects and extrinsic meteorological factors. (2) Leveraging this model, the joint program of flight mission planning and recharging optimization is formulated as a multi-criteria Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Problem (ATSP), wherein a drone seeks for the time-optimal energy-feasible tour that visits all the target sites and refuels whenever necessary. (3) We devise an efficient approximation algorithm with provable worst-case performance guarantees and implement it in a drone management system, which supports real-time flight path tracking and re- computation in dynamic environments. (4) The effectiveness and practicality of the proposed approach are validated through extensive numerical simulations as well as real-world experiments. Note to Practitioners-This study is stimulated by the need for developing pragmatic and provably efficient automated tour management systems for UAVs deployed on energy-constrained, long-distance flight missions. As such, UAVs provide a nifty platform for facilitating environmental monitoring, disaster management, transport of medical supplies, as well as expediting last-mile deliveries. However, existing path planners generally fall short of capturing several crucial aspects, such as detailed power consumption model (e.g., factoring in payload, wind speed and direction) or performance guarantees, potentially leading to underutilized or infeasible routing decisions. To address these issues, the present work proposes a theoretically-backed routing approach with a certifiable degree of optimality and develops an effective, practical power consumption evaluation model for multi-rotor UAVs, verified on multiple drone models.
Author	Karapetyan, Areg Tseng, Chien-Ming Alyassi, Rashid Elbassioni, Khaled Khonji, Majid Chau, Sid Chi-Kin
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SubjectTerms	Algorithms approximation algorithm Approximation algorithms Automation Batteries Charging stations Decision making Decision theory Disaster management Drone aircraft Drone vehicles Drones Environmental management Environmental monitoring flight mission planning Inspection Machine learning Management systems Mathematical analysis Mathematical models Mission planning Multiple criterion Optimization Path tracking Planning Power consumption power consumption modeling Power demand Power management Recharging recharging optimization Rotors Routing Space missions Trajectory planning Traveling salesman problem Unmanned aerial vehicles
Title	Autonomous Recharging and Flight Mission Planning for Battery-Operated Autonomous Drones
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