Vegetable Oil-Based Resins Reinforced with Spruce Bark Powder and with Its Hydrochar Lignocellulosic Biomass

A bio-based polymeric matrix was developed by the copolymerization of a vegetable oil-based epoxy, epoxidized linseed oil (ELO), with dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA). To obtain eco-friendly bio-composites, this matrix was combined with a natural filler: spruce bark powder (SB) with its hydrochar...

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Published in:	Applied sciences Vol. 11; no. 22; p. 10649
Main Authors:	Dinu, Roxana, Bejenari, Iuliana, Volf, Irina, Mija, Alice
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Basel MDPI AG 01.11.2021 Multidisciplinary digital publishing institute (MDPI)
Subjects:	bio-composite Biomass Bisphenol A Chemical Sciences Composite materials Curing Epoxy resins hydrothermal carbon Lignocellulose Raw materials sustainable materials vegetable oil Vegetable oils
ISSN:	2076-3417, 2076-3417
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Abstract	A bio-based polymeric matrix was developed by the copolymerization of a vegetable oil-based epoxy, epoxidized linseed oil (ELO), with dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA). To obtain eco-friendly bio-composites, this matrix was combined with a natural filler: spruce bark powder (SB) with its hydrochar (HC) in various proportions ranged from 1 to 30 wt.%. The reactivities of these formulations were studied by DSC analysis that highlighted that both fillers have a high catalytic effect on the ELO–DDSA crosslinking reaction. The complementary studies by TGA, DMA, tensile tests, water absorption and Shore tests had shown that both HC and SB bring improvements to the mechanical properties of the composites, fulfilling multiple roles: (i) Both act as co-reactants in the copolymerization mechanism; (ii) HC acts as reinforcement, consolidating the network and providing stiffness and rigidity; and (iii) SB acts as plasticizer for reducing the brittle character of the epoxy resins.
AbstractList	A bio-based polymeric matrix was developed by the copolymerization of a vegetable oil-based epoxy, epoxidized linseed oil (ELO), with dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA). To obtain eco-friendly bio-composites, this matrix was combined with a natural filler: spruce bark powder (SB) with its hydrochar (HC) in various proportions ranged from 1 to 30 wt.%. The reactivities of these formulations were studied by DSC analysis that highlighted that both fillers have a high catalytic effect on the ELO–DDSA crosslinking reaction. The complementary studies by TGA, DMA, tensile tests, water absorption and Shore tests had shown that both HC and SB bring improvements to the mechanical properties of the composites, fulfilling multiple roles: (i) Both act as co-reactants in the copolymerization mechanism; (ii) HC acts as reinforcement, consolidating the network and providing stiffness and rigidity; and (iii) SB acts as plasticizer for reducing the brittle character of the epoxy resins.
Author	Bejenari, Iuliana Mija, Alice Dinu, Roxana Volf, Irina
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Roxana surname: Dinu fullname: Dinu, Roxana – sequence: 2 givenname: Iuliana surname: Bejenari fullname: Bejenari, Iuliana – sequence: 3 givenname: Irina surname: Volf fullname: Volf, Irina – sequence: 4 givenname: Alice orcidid: 0000-0001-5208-5956 surname: Mija fullname: Mija, Alice
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Snippet	A bio-based polymeric matrix was developed by the copolymerization of a vegetable oil-based epoxy, epoxidized linseed oil (ELO), with dodecenyl succinic...
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StartPage	10649
SubjectTerms	bio-composite Biomass Bisphenol A Chemical Sciences Composite materials Curing Epoxy resins hydrothermal carbon Lignocellulose Raw materials sustainable materials vegetable oil Vegetable oils
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Title	Vegetable Oil-Based Resins Reinforced with Spruce Bark Powder and with Its Hydrochar Lignocellulosic Biomass
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