On the characterization of alternatives

We present an argument for revising the theory of alternatives for Scalar Implicatures and for Association with Focus. We argue that in both cases the alternatives are determined in the same way, as a contextual restriction of the focus value of the sentence, which, in turn, is defined in structure-...

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Vydáno v:	Natural language semantics Ročník 19; číslo 1; s. 87 - 107
Hlavní autoři:	Fox, Danny, Katzir, Roni
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Dordrecht Springer 01.03.2011 Springer Netherlands Springer Nature B.V
Témata:	Alternatives Broken symmetry Constraints Context Definitions Focus Formal languages and grammars Homework Implicature Inference Linguistics Mathematics and linguistics Philosophy of Language Pragmatics Relevant alternatives Restrictions Saliency Scalarity Scalarity (Semantics) Scalars Semantics Social Sciences Stoles Symmetry Syntax Scalar implicature Relevance Contextual restriction Focus semantics Alternatives Semantics Focus Assertion Scalarity Implicature Formal semantics Symmetry
ISSN:	0925-854X, 1572-865X
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Abstract	We present an argument for revising the theory of alternatives for Scalar Implicatures and for Association with Focus. We argue that in both cases the alternatives are determined in the same way, as a contextual restriction of the focus value of the sentence, which, in turn, is defined in structure-sensitive terms. We provide evidence that contextual restriction is subject to a constraint that prevents it from discriminating between alternatives when they stand in a particular logical relationship with the assertion or the prejacent, a relationship that we refer to as symmetry. Due to this constraint on contextual restriction, discriminating between alternatives in cases of symmetry becomes the task of focus values. This conclusion is incompatible with standard type-theoretic definitions of focus values, motivating our structure-sensitive definition instead.
AbstractList	We present an argument for revising the theory of alternatives for Scalar Implicatures and for Association with Focus. We argue that in both cases the alternatives are determined in the same way, as a contextual restriction of the focus value of the sentence, which, in turn, is defined in structure-sensitive terms. We provide evidence that contextual restriction is subject to a constraint that prevents it from discriminating between alternatives when they stand in a particular logical relationship with the assertion or the prejacent, a relationship that we refer to as symmetry. Due to this constraint on contextual restriction, discriminating between alternatives in cases of symmetry becomes the task of focus values. This conclusion is incompatible with standard type-theoretic definitions of focus values, motivating our structure-sensitive definition instead. We present an argument for revising the theory of alternatives for Scalar Implicatures and for Association with Focus. We argue that in both cases the alternatives are determined in the same way, as a contextual restriction of the focus value of the sentence, which, in turn, is defined in structure-sensitive terms. We provide evidence that contextual restriction is subject to a constraint that prevents it from discriminating between alternatives when they stand in a particular logical relationship with the assertion or the prejacent, a relationship that we refer to as symmetry. Due to this constraint on contextual restriction, discriminating between alternatives in cases of symmetry becomes the task of focus values. This conclusion is incompatible with standard type-theoretic definitions of focus values, motivating our structure-sensitive definition instead. Adapted from the source document
Author	Katzir, Roni Fox, Danny
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Keywords	Scalar implicature Relevance Contextual restriction Focus semantics Alternatives Semantics Focus Assertion Scalarity Implicature Formal semantics Symmetry
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SubjectTerms	Alternatives Broken symmetry Constraints Context Definitions Focus Formal languages and grammars Homework Implicature Inference Linguistics Mathematics and linguistics Philosophy of Language Pragmatics Relevant alternatives Restrictions Saliency Scalarity Scalarity (Semantics) Scalars Semantics Social Sciences Stoles Symmetry Syntax
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Title	On the characterization of alternatives
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