High-Performance Computation of the Number of Nested RNA Structures with 3D Parallel Tiled Code
Many current bioinformatics algorithms have been implemented in parallel programming code. Some of them have already reached the limits imposed by Amdahl’s law, but many can still be improved. In our paper, we present an approach allowing us to generate a high-performance code for calculating the nu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Eng (Basel, Switzerland) Jg. 4; H. 1; S. 507 - 525 |
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01.03.2023
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| Abstract | Many current bioinformatics algorithms have been implemented in parallel programming code. Some of them have already reached the limits imposed by Amdahl’s law, but many can still be improved. In our paper, we present an approach allowing us to generate a high-performance code for calculating the number of RNA pairs. The approach allows us to generate parallel tiled code of the maximal dimension of tiles, which for the discussed algorithm is 3D. Experiments carried out by us on two modern multi-core computers, an Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6326 (2.90 GHz, 2 physical units, 32 cores, 64 threads, 24 MB Cache) and Intel(R) i7(11700KF (3.6 GHz, 8 cores, 16 threads, 16 MB Cache), demonstrate a significant increase in performance and scalability of the generated parallel tiled code. For the Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6326 and Intel(R) i7, target code speedup increases linearly with an increase in the number of threads. An approach presented in the paper to generate target code can be used by programmers to generate target parallel tiled code for other bioinformatics codes whose dependence patterns are similar to those of the code implementing the counting algorithm. |
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| AbstractList | Many current bioinformatics algorithms have been implemented in parallel programming code. Some of them have already reached the limits imposed by Amdahl’s law, but many can still be improved. In our paper, we present an approach allowing us to generate a high-performance code for calculating the number of RNA pairs. The approach allows us to generate parallel tiled code of the maximal dimension of tiles, which for the discussed algorithm is 3D. Experiments carried out by us on two modern multi-core computers, an Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6326 (2.90 GHz, 2 physical units, 32 cores, 64 threads, 24 MB Cache) and Intel(R) i7(11700KF (3.6 GHz, 8 cores, 16 threads, 16 MB Cache), demonstrate a significant increase in performance and scalability of the generated parallel tiled code. For the Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6326 and Intel(R) i7, target code speedup increases linearly with an increase in the number of threads. An approach presented in the paper to generate target code can be used by programmers to generate target parallel tiled code for other bioinformatics codes whose dependence patterns are similar to those of the code implementing the counting algorithm. |
| Author | Bielecki, Włodzimierz Błaszyński, Piotr |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1186/1471-2105-15-S8-S1 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90087-5 10.1186/1471-2105-9-S2-S10 10.1145/305138.305197 10.1145/2400682.2400713 10.1145/113445.113449 10.1109/FPT.2010.5681458 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006341 10.1007/978-3-030-87897-9_42 10.1186/s12859-017-1917-0 10.1186/s12859-018-2008-6 10.1093/nar/gky329 10.3390/app12125898 10.1145/183432.183525 10.1137/0135006 10.1007/978-1-4615-4337-4 10.1186/s12859-019-2785-6 |
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| Copyright | 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
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| References | ref_14 ref_13 ref_12 ref_11 ref_10 Nussinov (ref_25) 1978; 35 Pugh (ref_19) 1994; 16 Verdoolaege (ref_20) 2013; 9 ref_18 Gruzewski (ref_4) 2022; Volume 255 ref_17 ref_16 ref_15 Smith (ref_6) 1981; 147 ref_24 ref_23 ref_22 ref_21 ref_1 ref_3 ref_2 Zhao (ref_27) 2017; 18 ref_26 ref_9 Raden (ref_8) 2018; 46 ref_5 ref_7 |
| References_xml | – ident: ref_9 – ident: ref_26 doi: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-S8-S1 – volume: 147 start-page: 195 year: 1981 ident: ref_6 article-title: Identification of common molecular subsequences publication-title: J. Mol. Biol. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90087-5 – ident: ref_2 doi: 10.1186/1471-2105-9-S2-S10 – volume: Volume 255 start-page: 15 year: 2022 ident: ref_4 article-title: Implementation of Nussinov’s RNA Folding Using the Kokkos Library publication-title: Progress in Image Processing, Pattern Recognition and Communication Systems, Proceedings of the Conference (CORES, IP&C, ACS), Virtual Event, 28–30 June 2021 – ident: ref_10 doi: 10.1145/305138.305197 – volume: 9 start-page: 1 year: 2013 ident: ref_20 article-title: Polyhedral parallel code generation for CUDA publication-title: ACM Trans. Archit. Code Optim. (TACO) doi: 10.1145/2400682.2400713 – ident: ref_14 – ident: ref_18 – ident: ref_23 – ident: ref_21 – ident: ref_11 doi: 10.1145/113445.113449 – ident: ref_1 doi: 10.1109/FPT.2010.5681458 – ident: ref_7 doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006341 – ident: ref_3 doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-87897-9_42 – volume: 18 start-page: 15 year: 2017 ident: ref_27 article-title: Cache and energy efficient algorithms for Nussinov’s RNA folding publication-title: BMC Bioinform. doi: 10.1186/s12859-017-1917-0 – ident: ref_15 – ident: ref_13 – ident: ref_16 doi: 10.1186/s12859-018-2008-6 – ident: ref_17 – volume: 46 start-page: W25 year: 2018 ident: ref_8 article-title: Freiburg RNA tools: A central online resource for RNA-focused research and teaching publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res. doi: 10.1093/nar/gky329 – ident: ref_24 doi: 10.3390/app12125898 – volume: 16 start-page: 1248 year: 1994 ident: ref_19 article-title: Static analysis of upper and lower bounds on dependences and parallelism publication-title: ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. (TOPLAS) doi: 10.1145/183432.183525 – ident: ref_22 – volume: 35 start-page: 68 year: 1978 ident: ref_25 article-title: Algorithms for loop matchings publication-title: SIAM J. Appl. Math. doi: 10.1137/0135006 – ident: ref_12 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4337-4 – ident: ref_5 doi: 10.1186/s12859-019-2785-6 |
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| SubjectTerms | Algorithms Bioinformatics code parallelization Codes Dependence dynamic programming Gold High performance computing high-performance code Parallel programming RNA folding tiled code generation |
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| Title | High-Performance Computation of the Number of Nested RNA Structures with 3D Parallel Tiled Code |
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