Optimal Probabilistic Allocation of Photovoltaic Distributed Generation: Proposing a Scenario-Based Stochastic Programming Model
The recent developments in the design, planning, and operation of distribution systems indicate the need for a modern integrated infrastructure in which participants are managed through the perceptions of a utility company in an economic network (e.g., energy loss reduction, restoration, etc.). The...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Energies (Basel) Jg. 16; H. 21; S. 7261 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Basel
MDPI AG
01.11.2023
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| ISSN: | 1996-1073, 1996-1073 |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Abstract | The recent developments in the design, planning, and operation of distribution systems indicate the need for a modern integrated infrastructure in which participants are managed through the perceptions of a utility company in an economic network (e.g., energy loss reduction, restoration, etc.). The penetration of distributed generation units in power systems are growing due to their significant influence on the key attributes of power systems. As a result, the placement, type, and size of distributed generations have an essential role in reducing power loss and lowering costs. Power loss minimization, investment and cost reduction, and voltage profile improvement combine to form a conceivable goal function for distributed generation allocation in a constrained optimization problem, and they require a complex procedure to control them in the most appropriate way while satisfying network constraints. Such a complex decision-making procedure can be solved by adjusting the dynamic optimal power flow problem to the associated network. The purpose of the present work is to handle the distributed generation allocation problem for photovoltaic units, attempting to reduce energy and investment costs while accounting for generation unpredictability as well as load fluctuation. The problem is analyzed under various scenarios of solar radiation through a stochastic programming technique because of the intense uncertainty of solar energy resources. The formulation of photovoltaic distributed generation allocation is represented as a mixed-integer second-order conic programming problem. The IEEE 33-bus and real-world 136-bus distribution systems are tested. The findings illustrate the efficacy of the proposed mathematical model and the role of appropriate distributed generation allocation. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The recent developments in the design, planning, and operation of distribution systems indicate the need for a modern integrated infrastructure in which participants are managed through the perceptions of a utility company in an economic network (e.g., energy loss reduction, restoration, etc.). The penetration of distributed generation units in power systems are growing due to their significant influence on the key attributes of power systems. As a result, the placement, type, and size of distributed generations have an essential role in reducing power loss and lowering costs. Power loss minimization, investment and cost reduction, and voltage profile improvement combine to form a conceivable goal function for distributed generation allocation in a constrained optimization problem, and they require a complex procedure to control them in the most appropriate way while satisfying network constraints. Such a complex decision-making procedure can be solved by adjusting the dynamic optimal power flow problem to the associated network. The purpose of the present work is to handle the distributed generation allocation problem for photovoltaic units, attempting to reduce energy and investment costs while accounting for generation unpredictability as well as load fluctuation. The problem is analyzed under various scenarios of solar radiation through a stochastic programming technique because of the intense uncertainty of solar energy resources. The formulation of photovoltaic distributed generation allocation is represented as a mixed-integer second-order conic programming problem. The IEEE 33-bus and real-world 136-bus distribution systems are tested. The findings illustrate the efficacy of the proposed mathematical model and the role of appropriate distributed generation allocation. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Leite, Jonatas Boas Meschini Almeida, Carlos Frederico Kheirkhah, Ali Reza Kagan, Nelson |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ali Reza orcidid: 0000-0001-5199-7312 surname: Kheirkhah fullname: Kheirkhah, Ali Reza – sequence: 2 givenname: Carlos Frederico surname: Meschini Almeida fullname: Meschini Almeida, Carlos Frederico – sequence: 3 givenname: Nelson surname: Kagan fullname: Kagan, Nelson – sequence: 4 givenname: Jonatas Boas orcidid: 0000-0002-1204-7178 surname: Leite fullname: Leite, Jonatas Boas |
| BookMark | eNptkU1vEzEQhi1UJErphV-wEjekLf7I2mtuoYVSqaiVCmdr1munjhxPsB0kbvx0nAQEQtgHj2ae99WM5zk5SZgcIS8ZvRBC0zcuMcmZ4pI9IadMa9kzqsTJX_Ezcl7KmrYjBBNCnJIfd9saNhC7-4wTTCGGUoPtljGihRowdei7-0es-A1jhVa6akQO0666ubt2yeUD9nZvsMUS0qqD7sG6BDlg_w5Kwx4q2kc4GDdqlWGz2XOfcHbxBXnqIRZ3_us9I18-vP98-bG_vbu-uVze9nZBae2tXLiFmqXjngrJwUo5Ka08s97OA3dSqkENXNuBsoH5kSrJtAU-zFy1ChVn5OboOyOszTa3ofN3gxDMIYF5ZSC3DqMzfHAwMj5KOqmFclpP1k-aAWhPnZW6eb06em0zft25Us0adzm19g0fx5EJKrho1MWRWkEzDcljzWDbnd0m2LY6H1p-qRQfBOdKNgE9CmzGUrLzxoZ6-N0mDNEwavZ7Nn_23CSv_5H8nuw_8E8vy6pT |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3390_pr12040779 crossref_primary_10_3390_en17051132 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00202_024_02693_1 crossref_primary_10_3390_en17143452 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1109/CEC48606.2020.9185821 10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.063 10.1109/TPWRS.2022.3228838 10.1109/TSG.2017.2665559 10.1109/JSYST.2019.2940939 10.1007/978-3-319-17689-5_5 10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.12.080 10.2172/1829460 10.1007/978-1-4419-7421-1 10.1016/j.epsr.2012.12.005 10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543072 10.48011/sbse.v1i1.2247 10.2172/1578269 10.1016/j.rser.2017.02.010 10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.01.011 10.1016/j.ijepes.2013.07.016 10.1109/JSYST.2018.2867910 10.1109/MPAE.2005.1405865 10.1016/j.rser.2016.08.011 10.1109/TSTE.2015.2406915 10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2796076 10.1016/j.enconman.2013.02.015 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2007.03.003 10.20944/preprints202306.1102.v1 10.1109/MPER.1989.4310642 10.1093/restud/rdad110 10.1016/j.enconman.2011.08.020 10.3390/en16135088 10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2418333 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG – notice: 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR CCPQU DWQXO PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS DOA |
| DOI | 10.3390/en16217261 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Korea Proquest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals (ODIN) |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) |
| DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ) url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: PIMPY name: Publicly Available Content Database url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| EISSN | 1996-1073 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_25ea812860b747e99bcfb91aa9f0ec69 A772532276 10_3390_en16217261 |
| GeographicLocations | Iran Brazil |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Iran – name: Brazil |
| GroupedDBID | 29G 2WC 2XV 5GY 5VS 7XC 8FE 8FG 8FH AADQD AAHBH AAYXX ABDBF ACUHS ADBBV ADMLS AENEX AFFHD AFKRA AFZYC ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS BCNDV BENPR CCPQU CITATION CS3 DU5 EBS ESX FRP GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 I-F IAO ITC KQ8 L6V L8X MODMG M~E OK1 OVT P2P PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PROAC TR2 TUS ABUWG AZQEC DWQXO PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c400t-c64e47d6e2f0362ac66b797f1cfcd52e66757529c50151f807619ca25d2775703 |
| IEDL.DBID | BENPR |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 6 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001100355400001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1996-1073 |
| IngestDate | Tue Oct 14 18:44:49 EDT 2025 Mon Jun 30 03:40:17 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 04 18:38:14 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 07:15:56 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 20:51:25 EST 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 21 |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c400t-c64e47d6e2f0362ac66b797f1cfcd52e66757529c50151f807619ca25d2775703 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5199-7312 0000-0002-1204-7178 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.proquest.com/docview/2888130323?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication% |
| PQID | 2888130323 |
| PQPubID | 2032402 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_25ea812860b747e99bcfb91aa9f0ec69 proquest_journals_2888130323 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A772532276 crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_en16217261 crossref_primary_10_3390_en16217261 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2023-11-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2023-11-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 11 year: 2023 text: 2023-11-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Basel |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Basel |
| PublicationTitle | Energies (Basel) |
| PublicationYear | 2023 |
| Publisher | MDPI AG |
| Publisher_xml | – name: MDPI AG |
| References | Franco (ref_13) 2013; 97 Hamidi (ref_10) 2018; 13 Karimyan (ref_21) 2014; 54 Owens (ref_8) 2014; 47 Aman (ref_9) 2013; 70 Ganguly (ref_19) 2015; 6 Konstantelos (ref_17) 2016; 32 Shahidehopour (ref_36) 2005; 3 ref_12 ref_34 Resener (ref_31) 2022; 38 ref_33 Sultana (ref_6) 2016; 66 Franco (ref_26) 2017; 9 Giannelos (ref_35) 2018; 33 ref_18 Theo (ref_30) 2017; 67 Poudel (ref_5) 2019; 14 Badran (ref_1) 2017; 73 Biswas (ref_11) 2012; 53 (ref_3) 2017; 14 Baran (ref_32) 1989; 9 ref_25 ref_24 ref_23 ref_22 Mena (ref_15) 2015; 69 ref_20 Murty (ref_16) 2015; 69 Tarhan (ref_37) 2008; 32 ref_2 ref_29 ref_28 ref_27 ref_4 ref_7 Mahmoud (ref_14) 2015; 31 |
| References_xml | – ident: ref_2 doi: 10.1109/CEC48606.2020.9185821 – ident: ref_7 – volume: 67 start-page: 531 year: 2017 ident: ref_30 article-title: Review of distributed generation (DG) system planning and optimisation techniques: Comparison of numerical and mathematical modelling methods publication-title: Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.063 – volume: 38 start-page: 1934 year: 2022 ident: ref_31 article-title: MILP Model for Optimal Day-Ahead PDS Scheduling Considering TSO-DSO Interconnection Power Flow Commitment Under Uncertainty publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Syst. doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2022.3228838 – volume: 9 start-page: 4613 year: 2017 ident: ref_26 article-title: AC OPF for smart distribution networks: An efficient and robust quadratic approach publication-title: IEEE Trans. Smart Grid doi: 10.1109/TSG.2017.2665559 – volume: 14 start-page: 2001 year: 2017 ident: ref_3 article-title: An adaptive approach for PEVs charging management and reconfiguration of electrical distribution system penetrated by renewables publication-title: IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform. – volume: 14 start-page: 3506 year: 2019 ident: ref_5 article-title: Risk-based probabilistic quantification of power distribution system operational resilience publication-title: IEEE Syst. J. doi: 10.1109/JSYST.2019.2940939 – ident: ref_18 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-17689-5_5 – volume: 69 start-page: 246 year: 2015 ident: ref_16 article-title: Optimal placement of DG in radial distribution systems based on new voltage stability index under load growth publication-title: Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.12.080 – ident: ref_28 doi: 10.2172/1829460 – ident: ref_20 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7421-1 – volume: 97 start-page: 133 year: 2013 ident: ref_13 article-title: A mixed-integer linear programming approach for optimal type, size and allocation of distributed generation in radial distribution systems publication-title: Electr. Power Syst. Res. doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2012.12.005 – ident: ref_22 doi: 10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543072 – ident: ref_33 doi: 10.48011/sbse.v1i1.2247 – ident: ref_27 doi: 10.2172/1578269 – volume: 73 start-page: 854 year: 2017 ident: ref_1 article-title: Optimal reconfiguration of distribution system connected with distributed generations: A review of different methodologies publication-title: Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.02.010 – volume: 69 start-page: 167 year: 2015 ident: ref_15 article-title: An efficient approach for the siting and sizing problem of distributed generation publication-title: Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.01.011 – volume: 54 start-page: 277 year: 2014 ident: ref_21 article-title: Long term scheduling for optimal allocation and sizing of DG unit considering load variations and DG type publication-title: Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2013.07.016 – volume: 13 start-page: 1714 year: 2018 ident: ref_10 article-title: Optimal allocation of distributed generation with optimal sizing of fault current limiter to reduce the impact on distribution networks using NSGA-II publication-title: IEEE Syst. J. doi: 10.1109/JSYST.2018.2867910 – volume: 3 start-page: 20 year: 2005 ident: ref_36 article-title: Benders decomposition: Applying Benders decomposition to power systems publication-title: IEEE Power Energy Mag. doi: 10.1109/MPAE.2005.1405865 – volume: 66 start-page: 297 year: 2016 ident: ref_6 article-title: Review on reliability improvement and power loss reduction in distribution system via network reconfiguration publication-title: Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.08.011 – volume: 6 start-page: 688 year: 2015 ident: ref_19 article-title: Distributed generation allocation on radial distribution networks under uncertainties of load and generation using genetic algorithm publication-title: IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2015.2406915 – volume: 33 start-page: 5103 year: 2018 ident: ref_35 article-title: Option value of demand-side response schemes under decision-dependent uncertainty publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Syst. doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2796076 – ident: ref_25 – volume: 47 start-page: 11 year: 2014 ident: ref_8 article-title: The rise of distributed power publication-title: Gen. Electr. – ident: ref_4 doi: 10.48011/sbse.v1i1.2247 – ident: ref_29 – volume: 70 start-page: 202 year: 2013 ident: ref_9 article-title: A new approach for optimum DG placement and sizing based on voltage stability maximization and minimization of power losses publication-title: Energy Convers. Manag. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2013.02.015 – volume: 32 start-page: 766 year: 2008 ident: ref_37 article-title: A multistage stochastic programming approach with strategies for uncertainty reduction in the synthesis of process networks with uncertain yields publication-title: Comput. Chem. Eng. doi: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2007.03.003 – ident: ref_12 – ident: ref_23 doi: 10.20944/preprints202306.1102.v1 – volume: 9 start-page: 101 year: 1989 ident: ref_32 article-title: Network reconfiguration in distribution systems for loss reduction and load balancing publication-title: IEEE Power Eng. Rev. doi: 10.1109/MPER.1989.4310642 – ident: ref_34 doi: 10.1093/restud/rdad110 – volume: 32 start-page: 1293 year: 2016 ident: ref_17 article-title: Strategic valuation of smart grid technology options in distribution networks publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Syst. – volume: 53 start-page: 163 year: 2012 ident: ref_11 article-title: Optimum distributed generation placement with voltage sag effect minimization publication-title: Energy Convers. Manag. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2011.08.020 – ident: ref_24 doi: 10.3390/en16135088 – volume: 31 start-page: 960 year: 2015 ident: ref_14 article-title: Optimal distributed generation allocation in distribution systems for loss minimization publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Syst. doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2418333 |
| SSID | ssj0000331333 |
| Score | 2.3871953 |
| Snippet | The recent developments in the design, planning, and operation of distribution systems indicate the need for a modern integrated infrastructure in which... |
| SourceID | doaj proquest gale crossref |
| SourceType | Open Website Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database |
| StartPage | 7261 |
| SubjectTerms | Brazil Cost control Decision making Electric power systems Electricity distribution Energy industry Infrastructure (Economics) Iran Linear programming Mathematical programming optimal allocation Optimization photovoltaic energy power distribution Power plants Radiation Smart grid technology Solar energy Solar energy industry stochastic optimization uncertainty modeling |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals (ODIN) dbid: DOA link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1NT9wwELUq1EM5IEpBLFBkiUoVh4jESey4t4WCekB0JajEzXLGNiDtJmgJnPnpzDgBthIVl172EI1GjufLsxm_x9g3TYRIzoWkTF2eFBX-aF1nCX1yUtKn2rqIM3uqzs6qy0s9WaD6opmwHh6437gDUXqLRaiSaY0nX4-KINQ6s1aH1IOMV_dSpReaqZiD8xybr7zHI82xrz_wTSaJjElmf1WgCNT_r3Qca8zJKlsZDod83C_qM_vgmzW2vAAZ-IU9_sYYn6HQZI6RSJOtBLTMx1MqSrTJvA18ct12LeYdbPuB_yRoXGK18o73INMk9oMU0MRWc8UtPwffYNPcJodY1Bw_71q4tlHxpJ_fmpEc8aZN19mfk-OLo1_JwKKQAMZnl4AsfKGc9CJQtbIgZa20ChkEcKXwElsGVQoNJZ4MslDFPzbAitIJpQifa4MtNW3jNxkXgAJZbVVe1IWCwuoSbWIDaoZai2zE9p931sAAMU5MF1ODrQZZwbxaYcT2XmRve2CNN6UOyUAvEgSGHR-gi5jBRcx7LjJi38m8hkIWlwN2uHmAL0XgV2aMHUaJiU3JEdt59gAzxPKdEVVVUaUX-db_WM02-0SU9f19xh221M3v_Vf2ER66m7v5bnTjJ40L-CI priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Title | Optimal Probabilistic Allocation of Photovoltaic Distributed Generation: Proposing a Scenario-Based Stochastic Programming Model |
| URI | https://www.proquest.com/docview/2888130323 https://doaj.org/article/25ea812860b747e99bcfb91aa9f0ec69 |
| Volume | 16 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos001100355400001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ) customDbUrl: eissn: 1996-1073 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000331333 issn: 1996-1073 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20080101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources (ISSN International Center) customDbUrl: eissn: 1996-1073 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000331333 issn: 1996-1073 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20080101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central Database Suite (ProQuest) customDbUrl: eissn: 1996-1073 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000331333 issn: 1996-1073 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20080301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1996-1073 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000331333 issn: 1996-1073 databaseCode: PIMPY dateStart: 20080301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent providerName: ProQuest |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Nb9QwELWg5QAHvhFbSmUJJMQhauIk9poL2oWtQKJLREEqJ8sZ2y3SNml3A0fET2cm8W5BAi5ccrBHlqMZz3jG9nuMPdVEiORcSMrU5Ukxxo_WdZbQkZOSPtXW9Tiz79R8Pj4-1lUsuK3itcq1T-wdtWuBauT7AlM18rcif3l-kRBrFJ2uRgqNq2ybkMrQzrens3n1YVNlSfMck7B8wCXNMb_f900miZRJZr9Foh6w_29uuY81B7f-d5a32c24y-STwSzusCu-uctu_II9eI_9eI_O4gyFqiUuaboiS4jNfLKg6Eba4m3g1WnbtejAOotdrwljl-ixvOMDWjWJvaAB6OpXc8ItPwLfYPbdJlOMjo4fdS2c2n7gargIdkZyRMC2uM8-Hcw-vnqTRDqGBHChdwnIwhfKSS8ChT0LUtZKq5BBAFcKLzH3UKXQUOIWIwvjvkICVpROKEVAXw_YVtM2_iHjAlAgq63Ki7pQUFhdYlpjA44MtRbZiD1fq8ZAxConyoyFwZyF1Ggu1ThiTzay5wNCxx-lpqThjQShavcN7fLExEVqROktbnjGMq1xOh6NFkKtM2t1SD1IPWLPyD4MrX2cDtj4hAF_ilC0zARTlRI9pJIjtru2DxOdwspcGsfOv7sfsevEaj88edxlW93yq3_MrsG37stquRdtfK8vH-D38PsM26q3h9Xnn469Csg |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Nb9QwEB2VLRJw4BuxUMASIMQhauIk9hoJoS2l6qrbJVKL1J6M4zhtpW1SsgHEjV_Eb2QmH1uQgFsPXHKIR5aTvLzxJPZ7AM8UGSJlWe7FfhZ60QgPSqWBR7-cpHC-MlmjMzuVs9no4EAlK_Cj3wtDyyp7TmyIOistfSNf51iqEd_y8M3ZJ49co-jvam-h0cJix337iiXb4vVkE5_vc8633u2_3fY6VwHPIl5rz4rIRTITjufE3sYKkUol88DmNou5EziFljFXNsZMGeSjptC3hscZl5L0qrDfS7AaEdgHsJpMdpPD5VcdPwyx6AtbHdQwVP66KwJBJlAi-C3zNQYBf0sDTW7buvG_3ZWbcL2bRbNxC_tbsOKK23DtF23FO_D9PZLhKQYlFVIWLQEmRWo2nlP2JjSyMmfJcVmXSNC1waZN0hAm-y-XsVaNm8JeUQe0tK04YobtWVeY6qT0NjD7Z2yvLu2xaTpO2oVupxRHBnPzu_DhQm7BPRgUZeHuA-MWA4LUyDBKI2kjo2Is20yOPdtU8WAIL3soaNtpsZMlyFxjTUaw0eewGcLTZexZq0Dyx6gNQtQyglTDmxNldaQ7EtI8dgYndCPhpzgchy-lzVMVGKNy31mhhvCC8KiJ23A41nRbNPCiSCVMj7EUizEDSDGEtR6PuiO9hT4H44N_Nz-BK9v7u1M9ncx2HsJVjvPGdnvnGgzq6rN7BJftl_pkUT3u3i8GHy8avD8BqzxhEw |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9QwEB6VLUJw4I1YKGAJEOIQbeIk9hoJoS3LilXLEqkglZNxHKettE1KNoC48bv4dczksQUJuPXAJYdkZOXx-ZsZZ_wNwCNFDZGyLPdiPwu9aIwHpdLAo19OUjhfmazRmd2Vi8V4f18lG_Cj3wtDZZU9JzZEnZWW1shHHFM14lsejvKuLCKZzl6cfPKogxT9ae3babQQ2XHfvmL6tno-n-K3fsz57NW7l6-9rsOAZxG7tWdF5CKZCcdzYnJjhUilknlgc5vF3AkMp2XMlY3Rawb5uEn6reFxxqUk7Soc9xxsYkge8QFsJvM3yYf1Co8fhpgAhq0mahgqf-SKQFBDKBH85gWbZgF_cwmNn5td-Z_f0FW43EXXbNJOh2uw4YrrcOkXzcUb8P0tkuQxGiUVUhmVBpNSNZssyasTSlmZs-SwrEsk7trgpSlpC1NbMJexVqWbzJ7RAFTyVhwww_asK0x1VHrbGBVkbK8u7aFpBk7aArhjsqPGc8ub8P5MXsEtGBRl4W4D4xYNgtTIMEojaSOjYsSOyXFkmyoeDOFpDwttO412ahWy1JirEYT0KYSG8HBte9Iqk_zRapvQtbYgNfHmRFkd6I6cNI-dwUBvLPwUb8fhZLV5qgJjVO47K9QQnhA2NXEe3o413dYNfChSD9MTTNFi9AxSDGGrx6buyHClT4F559-XH8AFRKzenS927sJFjuFku-tzCwZ19dndg_P2S320qu53U43Bx7PG7k9LJWnT |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Optimal+Probabilistic+Allocation+of+Photovoltaic+Distributed+Generation%3A+Proposing+a+Scenario-Based+Stochastic+Programming+Model&rft.jtitle=Energies+%28Basel%29&rft.au=Kheirkhah%2C+Ali+Reza&rft.au=Meschini+Almeida%2C+Carlos+Frederico&rft.au=Kagan%2C+Nelson&rft.au=Leite%2C+Jonatas+Boas&rft.date=2023-11-01&rft.issn=1996-1073&rft.eissn=1996-1073&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=7261&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fen16217261&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_3390_en16217261 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1996-1073&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1996-1073&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1996-1073&client=summon |