Reconciling the Effects of Screening on Prostate Cancer Mortality in the ERSPC and PLCO Trials
The ERSPC (European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer) found that screening reduced prostate cancer mortality, but the PLCO (Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial) found no reduction. To evaluate whether effects of screening on prostate cancer mortality relat...
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| Vydáno v: | Annals of internal medicine Ročník 167; číslo 7; s. 449 |
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| Hlavní autoři: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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United States
03.10.2017
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| ISSN: | 1539-3704, 1539-3704 |
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| Abstract | The ERSPC (European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer) found that screening reduced prostate cancer mortality, but the PLCO (Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial) found no reduction.
To evaluate whether effects of screening on prostate cancer mortality relative to no screening differed between the ERSPC and PLCO.
Cox regression of prostate cancer death in each trial group, adjusted for age and trial. Extended analyses accounted for increased incidence due to screening and diagnostic work-up in each group via mean lead times (MLTs), which were estimated empirically and using analytic or microsimulation models.
Randomized controlled trials in Europe and the United States.
Men aged 55 to 69 (ERSPC) or 55 to 74 (PLCO) years at randomization.
Prostate cancer screening.
Prostate cancer incidence and survival from randomization; prostate cancer incidence in the United States before screening began.
Estimated MLTs were similar in the ERSPC and PLCO intervention groups but were longer in the PLCO control group than the ERSPC control group. Extended analyses found no evidence that effects of screening differed between trials (P = 0.37 to 0.47 [range across MLT estimation approaches]) but strong evidence that benefit increased with MLT (P = 0.0027 to 0.0032). Screening was estimated to confer a 7% to 9% reduction in the risk for prostate cancer death per year of MLT. This translated into estimates of 25% to 31% and 27% to 32% lower risk for prostate cancer death with screening as performed in the ERSPC and PLCO intervention groups, respectively, compared with no screening.
The MLT is a simple metric of screening and diagnostic work-up.
After differences in implementation and settings are accounted for, the ERSPC and PLCO provide compatible evidence that screening reduces prostate cancer mortality.
National Cancer Institute. |
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| AbstractList | The ERSPC (European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer) found that screening reduced prostate cancer mortality, but the PLCO (Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial) found no reduction.
To evaluate whether effects of screening on prostate cancer mortality relative to no screening differed between the ERSPC and PLCO.
Cox regression of prostate cancer death in each trial group, adjusted for age and trial. Extended analyses accounted for increased incidence due to screening and diagnostic work-up in each group via mean lead times (MLTs), which were estimated empirically and using analytic or microsimulation models.
Randomized controlled trials in Europe and the United States.
Men aged 55 to 69 (ERSPC) or 55 to 74 (PLCO) years at randomization.
Prostate cancer screening.
Prostate cancer incidence and survival from randomization; prostate cancer incidence in the United States before screening began.
Estimated MLTs were similar in the ERSPC and PLCO intervention groups but were longer in the PLCO control group than the ERSPC control group. Extended analyses found no evidence that effects of screening differed between trials (P = 0.37 to 0.47 [range across MLT estimation approaches]) but strong evidence that benefit increased with MLT (P = 0.0027 to 0.0032). Screening was estimated to confer a 7% to 9% reduction in the risk for prostate cancer death per year of MLT. This translated into estimates of 25% to 31% and 27% to 32% lower risk for prostate cancer death with screening as performed in the ERSPC and PLCO intervention groups, respectively, compared with no screening.
The MLT is a simple metric of screening and diagnostic work-up.
After differences in implementation and settings are accounted for, the ERSPC and PLCO provide compatible evidence that screening reduces prostate cancer mortality.
National Cancer Institute. The ERSPC (European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer) found that screening reduced prostate cancer mortality, but the PLCO (Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial) found no reduction.BACKGROUNDThe ERSPC (European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer) found that screening reduced prostate cancer mortality, but the PLCO (Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial) found no reduction.To evaluate whether effects of screening on prostate cancer mortality relative to no screening differed between the ERSPC and PLCO.OBJECTIVETo evaluate whether effects of screening on prostate cancer mortality relative to no screening differed between the ERSPC and PLCO.Cox regression of prostate cancer death in each trial group, adjusted for age and trial. Extended analyses accounted for increased incidence due to screening and diagnostic work-up in each group via mean lead times (MLTs), which were estimated empirically and using analytic or microsimulation models.DESIGNCox regression of prostate cancer death in each trial group, adjusted for age and trial. Extended analyses accounted for increased incidence due to screening and diagnostic work-up in each group via mean lead times (MLTs), which were estimated empirically and using analytic or microsimulation models.Randomized controlled trials in Europe and the United States.SETTINGRandomized controlled trials in Europe and the United States.Men aged 55 to 69 (ERSPC) or 55 to 74 (PLCO) years at randomization.PARTICIPANTSMen aged 55 to 69 (ERSPC) or 55 to 74 (PLCO) years at randomization.Prostate cancer screening.INTERVENTIONProstate cancer screening.Prostate cancer incidence and survival from randomization; prostate cancer incidence in the United States before screening began.MEASUREMENTSProstate cancer incidence and survival from randomization; prostate cancer incidence in the United States before screening began.Estimated MLTs were similar in the ERSPC and PLCO intervention groups but were longer in the PLCO control group than the ERSPC control group. Extended analyses found no evidence that effects of screening differed between trials (P = 0.37 to 0.47 [range across MLT estimation approaches]) but strong evidence that benefit increased with MLT (P = 0.0027 to 0.0032). Screening was estimated to confer a 7% to 9% reduction in the risk for prostate cancer death per year of MLT. This translated into estimates of 25% to 31% and 27% to 32% lower risk for prostate cancer death with screening as performed in the ERSPC and PLCO intervention groups, respectively, compared with no screening.RESULTSEstimated MLTs were similar in the ERSPC and PLCO intervention groups but were longer in the PLCO control group than the ERSPC control group. Extended analyses found no evidence that effects of screening differed between trials (P = 0.37 to 0.47 [range across MLT estimation approaches]) but strong evidence that benefit increased with MLT (P = 0.0027 to 0.0032). Screening was estimated to confer a 7% to 9% reduction in the risk for prostate cancer death per year of MLT. This translated into estimates of 25% to 31% and 27% to 32% lower risk for prostate cancer death with screening as performed in the ERSPC and PLCO intervention groups, respectively, compared with no screening.The MLT is a simple metric of screening and diagnostic work-up.LIMITATIONThe MLT is a simple metric of screening and diagnostic work-up.After differences in implementation and settings are accounted for, the ERSPC and PLCO provide compatible evidence that screening reduces prostate cancer mortality.CONCLUSIONAfter differences in implementation and settings are accounted for, the ERSPC and PLCO provide compatible evidence that screening reduces prostate cancer mortality.National Cancer Institute.PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCENational Cancer Institute. |
| Author | Luján, Marcos Crawford, E David Zappa, Marco Moss, Sue M Villers, Arnauld Gulati, Roman de Koning, Harry J Andriole, Gerald L de Carvalho, Tiago M Mariotto, Angela B Etzioni, Ruth Heijnsdijk, Eveline A M Kwiatkowski, Maciej Berg, Christine D Pinsky, Paul F Nelen, Vera Feuer, Eric J Tsodikov, Alex Hugosson, Jonas Auvinen, Anssi Qiu, Sheng Roobol, Monique J |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Alex surname: Tsodikov fullname: Tsodikov, Alex organization: From University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Institute for Cancer Prevention, Florence, Italy; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Parla, Madrid, Spain; and Université de Lille, Lille, France – sequence: 2 givenname: Roman surname: Gulati fullname: Gulati, Roman organization: From University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Institute for Cancer Prevention, Florence, Italy; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Parla, Madrid, Spain; and Université de Lille, Lille, France – sequence: 3 givenname: Eveline A M surname: Heijnsdijk fullname: Heijnsdijk, Eveline A M organization: From University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Institute for Cancer Prevention, Florence, Italy; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Parla, Madrid, Spain; and Université de Lille, Lille, France – sequence: 4 givenname: Paul F surname: Pinsky fullname: Pinsky, Paul F organization: From University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Institute for Cancer Prevention, Florence, Italy; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Parla, Madrid, Spain; and Université de Lille, Lille, France – sequence: 5 givenname: Sue M surname: Moss fullname: Moss, Sue M organization: From University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Institute for Cancer Prevention, Florence, Italy; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Parla, Madrid, Spain; and Université de Lille, Lille, France – sequence: 6 givenname: Sheng surname: Qiu fullname: Qiu, Sheng organization: From University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Institute for Cancer Prevention, Florence, Italy; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Parla, Madrid, Spain; and Université de Lille, Lille, France – sequence: 7 givenname: Tiago M surname: de Carvalho fullname: de Carvalho, Tiago M organization: From University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Institute for Cancer Prevention, Florence, Italy; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Parla, Madrid, Spain; and Université de Lille, Lille, France – sequence: 8 givenname: Jonas surname: Hugosson fullname: Hugosson, Jonas organization: From University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Institute for Cancer Prevention, Florence, Italy; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Parla, Madrid, Spain; and Université de Lille, Lille, France – sequence: 9 givenname: Christine D surname: Berg fullname: Berg, Christine D organization: From University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Institute for Cancer Prevention, Florence, Italy; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Parla, Madrid, Spain; and Université de Lille, Lille, France – sequence: 10 givenname: Anssi surname: Auvinen fullname: Auvinen, Anssi organization: From University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Institute for Cancer Prevention, Florence, Italy; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Parla, Madrid, Spain; and Université de Lille, Lille, France – sequence: 11 givenname: Gerald L surname: Andriole fullname: Andriole, Gerald L organization: From University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Institute for Cancer Prevention, Florence, Italy; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Parla, Madrid, Spain; and Université de Lille, Lille, France – sequence: 12 givenname: Monique J surname: Roobol fullname: Roobol, Monique J organization: From University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Institute for Cancer Prevention, Florence, Italy; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Parla, Madrid, Spain; and Université de Lille, Lille, France – sequence: 13 givenname: E David surname: Crawford fullname: Crawford, E David organization: From University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Institute for Cancer Prevention, Florence, Italy; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Parla, Madrid, Spain; and Université de Lille, Lille, France – sequence: 14 givenname: Vera surname: Nelen fullname: Nelen, Vera organization: From University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Institute for Cancer Prevention, Florence, Italy; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Parla, Madrid, Spain; and Université de Lille, Lille, France – sequence: 15 givenname: Maciej surname: Kwiatkowski fullname: Kwiatkowski, Maciej organization: From University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Institute for Cancer Prevention, Florence, Italy; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Parla, Madrid, Spain; and Université de Lille, Lille, France – sequence: 16 givenname: Marco surname: Zappa fullname: Zappa, Marco organization: From University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Institute for Cancer Prevention, Florence, Italy; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Parla, Madrid, Spain; and Université de Lille, Lille, France – sequence: 17 givenname: Marcos surname: Luján fullname: Luján, Marcos organization: From University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Institute for Cancer Prevention, Florence, Italy; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Parla, Madrid, Spain; and Université de Lille, Lille, France – sequence: 18 givenname: Arnauld surname: Villers fullname: Villers, Arnauld organization: From University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Institute for Cancer Prevention, Florence, Italy; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Parla, Madrid, Spain; and Université de Lille, Lille, France – sequence: 19 givenname: Eric J surname: Feuer fullname: Feuer, Eric J organization: From University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Institute for Cancer Prevention, Florence, Italy; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Parla, Madrid, Spain; and Université de Lille, Lille, France – sequence: 20 givenname: Harry J surname: de Koning fullname: de Koning, Harry J organization: From University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Institute for Cancer Prevention, Florence, Italy; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Parla, Madrid, Spain; and Université de Lille, Lille, France – sequence: 21 givenname: Angela B surname: Mariotto fullname: Mariotto, Angela B organization: From University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Institute for Cancer Prevention, Florence, Italy; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Parla, Madrid, Spain; and Université de Lille, Lille, France – sequence: 22 givenname: Ruth surname: Etzioni fullname: Etzioni, Ruth organization: From University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne, Antwerp, Belgium; Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Institute for Cancer Prevention, Florence, Italy; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Parla, Madrid, Spain; and Université de Lille, Lille, France |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28869989$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Title | Reconciling the Effects of Screening on Prostate Cancer Mortality in the ERSPC and PLCO Trials |
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