Hepatitis C virus-associated neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders: Advances in 2015

Since its identification in 1989, hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as a worldwide health problem with roughly 185 million chronic infections, representing individuals at high risk of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. In addition to being a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality due to liv...

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Veröffentlicht in:World journal of gastroenterology : WJG Jg. 21; H. 42; S. 11974
Hauptverfasser: Monaco, Salvatore, Mariotto, Sara, Ferrari, Sergio, Calabrese, Massimiliano, Zanusso, Gianluigi, Gajofatto, Alberto, Sansonno, Domenico, Dammacco, Franco
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: United States 14.11.2015
Schlagworte:
Brain - physiopathology
Brain - virology
Cognition
Cognition Disorders - diagnosis
Cognition Disorders - physiopathology
Cognition Disorders - psychology
Cognition Disorders - virology
Genotype
Hepacivirus - genetics
Hepacivirus - pathogenicity
Hepatitis C - complications
Hepatitis C - diagnosis
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Humans
Mental Disorders - diagnosis
Mental Disorders - physiopathology
Mental Disorders - psychology
Mental Disorders - virology
Prognosis
Quality of Life
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Neuropsychiatric disorders
Sleep disorder
Neurocognitive impairment
Hepatitis C virus syndrome
Hepatitis C virus
Extra-hepatic manifestations
ISSN:2219-2840, 2219-2840
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Zusammenfassung:Since its identification in 1989, hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as a worldwide health problem with roughly 185 million chronic infections, representing individuals at high risk of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. In addition to being a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality due to liver disease, HCV has emerged as an important trigger of lymphoproliferative disorders, owing to its lymphotropism, and of a wide spectrum of extra-hepatic manifestations (HCV-EHMs) affecting different organ systems. The most frequently observed HCV-EHMs include mixed cryoglobulinemia and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, nephropathies, thyreopathies, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and several neurological conditions. In addition, neuropsychiatric disorders and neurocognitive dysfunction are reported in nearly 50% of patients with chronic HCV infection, which are independent of the severity of liver disease or HCV replication rates. Fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression and reduced quality of life are commonly associated with neurocognitive alterations in patients with non-cirrhotic chronic HCV infection, regardless of the stage of liver fibrosis and the infecting genotype. These manifestations, which are the topic of this review, typically occur in the absence of structural brain damage or signal abnormalities on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), although metabolic and microstructural changes can be detected by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, perfusion-weighted and diffusion tensor MRI, and neurophysiological tests of cognitive processing. Several lines of evidence, including comparative and longitudinal neuropsychological assessments in patients achieving spontaneous or treatment-induced viral clearance, support a major pathogenic role for HCV in neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive disorders.
Bibliographie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
ObjectType-Review-3
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ISSN:2219-2840
2219-2840
DOI:10.3748/wjg.v21.i42.11974