Hepatitis C virus-associated neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders: Advances in 2015

Since its identification in 1989, hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as a worldwide health problem with roughly 185 million chronic infections, representing individuals at high risk of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. In addition to being a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality due to liv...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:	World journal of gastroenterology : WJG Jg. 21; H. 42; S. 11974
Hauptverfasser:	Monaco, Salvatore, Mariotto, Sara, Ferrari, Sergio, Calabrese, Massimiliano, Zanusso, Gianluigi, Gajofatto, Alberto, Sansonno, Domenico, Dammacco, Franco
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	United States 14.11.2015
Schlagworte:	Brain - physiopathology Brain - virology Cognition Cognition Disorders - diagnosis Cognition Disorders - physiopathology Cognition Disorders - psychology Cognition Disorders - virology Genotype Hepacivirus - genetics Hepacivirus - pathogenicity Hepatitis C - complications Hepatitis C - diagnosis Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Mental Disorders - diagnosis Mental Disorders - physiopathology Mental Disorders - psychology Mental Disorders - virology Prognosis Quality of Life Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy Neuropsychiatric disorders Sleep disorder Neurocognitive impairment Hepatitis C virus syndrome Hepatitis C virus Extra-hepatic manifestations
ISSN:	2219-2840, 2219-2840
Online-Zugang:	Weitere Angaben
Tags:	Tag hinzufügen Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!

Abstract	Since its identification in 1989, hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as a worldwide health problem with roughly 185 million chronic infections, representing individuals at high risk of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. In addition to being a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality due to liver disease, HCV has emerged as an important trigger of lymphoproliferative disorders, owing to its lymphotropism, and of a wide spectrum of extra-hepatic manifestations (HCV-EHMs) affecting different organ systems. The most frequently observed HCV-EHMs include mixed cryoglobulinemia and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, nephropathies, thyreopathies, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and several neurological conditions. In addition, neuropsychiatric disorders and neurocognitive dysfunction are reported in nearly 50% of patients with chronic HCV infection, which are independent of the severity of liver disease or HCV replication rates. Fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression and reduced quality of life are commonly associated with neurocognitive alterations in patients with non-cirrhotic chronic HCV infection, regardless of the stage of liver fibrosis and the infecting genotype. These manifestations, which are the topic of this review, typically occur in the absence of structural brain damage or signal abnormalities on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), although metabolic and microstructural changes can be detected by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, perfusion-weighted and diffusion tensor MRI, and neurophysiological tests of cognitive processing. Several lines of evidence, including comparative and longitudinal neuropsychological assessments in patients achieving spontaneous or treatment-induced viral clearance, support a major pathogenic role for HCV in neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive disorders.
AbstractList	Since its identification in 1989, hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as a worldwide health problem with roughly 185 million chronic infections, representing individuals at high risk of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. In addition to being a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality due to liver disease, HCV has emerged as an important trigger of lymphoproliferative disorders, owing to its lymphotropism, and of a wide spectrum of extra-hepatic manifestations (HCV-EHMs) affecting different organ systems. The most frequently observed HCV-EHMs include mixed cryoglobulinemia and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, nephropathies, thyreopathies, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and several neurological conditions. In addition, neuropsychiatric disorders and neurocognitive dysfunction are reported in nearly 50% of patients with chronic HCV infection, which are independent of the severity of liver disease or HCV replication rates. Fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression and reduced quality of life are commonly associated with neurocognitive alterations in patients with non-cirrhotic chronic HCV infection, regardless of the stage of liver fibrosis and the infecting genotype. These manifestations, which are the topic of this review, typically occur in the absence of structural brain damage or signal abnormalities on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), although metabolic and microstructural changes can be detected by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, perfusion-weighted and diffusion tensor MRI, and neurophysiological tests of cognitive processing. Several lines of evidence, including comparative and longitudinal neuropsychological assessments in patients achieving spontaneous or treatment-induced viral clearance, support a major pathogenic role for HCV in neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive disorders. Since its identification in 1989, hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as a worldwide health problem with roughly 185 million chronic infections, representing individuals at high risk of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. In addition to being a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality due to liver disease, HCV has emerged as an important trigger of lymphoproliferative disorders, owing to its lymphotropism, and of a wide spectrum of extra-hepatic manifestations (HCV-EHMs) affecting different organ systems. The most frequently observed HCV-EHMs include mixed cryoglobulinemia and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, nephropathies, thyreopathies, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and several neurological conditions. In addition, neuropsychiatric disorders and neurocognitive dysfunction are reported in nearly 50% of patients with chronic HCV infection, which are independent of the severity of liver disease or HCV replication rates. Fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression and reduced quality of life are commonly associated with neurocognitive alterations in patients with non-cirrhotic chronic HCV infection, regardless of the stage of liver fibrosis and the infecting genotype. These manifestations, which are the topic of this review, typically occur in the absence of structural brain damage or signal abnormalities on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), although metabolic and microstructural changes can be detected by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, perfusion-weighted and diffusion tensor MRI, and neurophysiological tests of cognitive processing. Several lines of evidence, including comparative and longitudinal neuropsychological assessments in patients achieving spontaneous or treatment-induced viral clearance, support a major pathogenic role for HCV in neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive disorders.Since its identification in 1989, hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as a worldwide health problem with roughly 185 million chronic infections, representing individuals at high risk of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. In addition to being a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality due to liver disease, HCV has emerged as an important trigger of lymphoproliferative disorders, owing to its lymphotropism, and of a wide spectrum of extra-hepatic manifestations (HCV-EHMs) affecting different organ systems. The most frequently observed HCV-EHMs include mixed cryoglobulinemia and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, nephropathies, thyreopathies, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and several neurological conditions. In addition, neuropsychiatric disorders and neurocognitive dysfunction are reported in nearly 50% of patients with chronic HCV infection, which are independent of the severity of liver disease or HCV replication rates. Fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression and reduced quality of life are commonly associated with neurocognitive alterations in patients with non-cirrhotic chronic HCV infection, regardless of the stage of liver fibrosis and the infecting genotype. These manifestations, which are the topic of this review, typically occur in the absence of structural brain damage or signal abnormalities on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), although metabolic and microstructural changes can be detected by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, perfusion-weighted and diffusion tensor MRI, and neurophysiological tests of cognitive processing. Several lines of evidence, including comparative and longitudinal neuropsychological assessments in patients achieving spontaneous or treatment-induced viral clearance, support a major pathogenic role for HCV in neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive disorders.
Author	Sansonno, Domenico Monaco, Salvatore Zanusso, Gianluigi Gajofatto, Alberto Mariotto, Sara Dammacco, Franco Ferrari, Sergio Calabrese, Massimiliano
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Salvatore surname: Monaco fullname: Monaco, Salvatore organization: Salvatore Monaco, Sara Mariotto, Sergio Ferrari, Massimiliano Calabrese, Gianluigi Zanusso, Alberto Gaiofatto, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy – sequence: 2 givenname: Sara surname: Mariotto fullname: Mariotto, Sara organization: Salvatore Monaco, Sara Mariotto, Sergio Ferrari, Massimiliano Calabrese, Gianluigi Zanusso, Alberto Gaiofatto, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy – sequence: 3 givenname: Sergio surname: Ferrari fullname: Ferrari, Sergio organization: Salvatore Monaco, Sara Mariotto, Sergio Ferrari, Massimiliano Calabrese, Gianluigi Zanusso, Alberto Gaiofatto, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy – sequence: 4 givenname: Massimiliano surname: Calabrese fullname: Calabrese, Massimiliano organization: Salvatore Monaco, Sara Mariotto, Sergio Ferrari, Massimiliano Calabrese, Gianluigi Zanusso, Alberto Gaiofatto, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy – sequence: 5 givenname: Gianluigi surname: Zanusso fullname: Zanusso, Gianluigi organization: Salvatore Monaco, Sara Mariotto, Sergio Ferrari, Massimiliano Calabrese, Gianluigi Zanusso, Alberto Gaiofatto, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy – sequence: 6 givenname: Alberto surname: Gajofatto fullname: Gajofatto, Alberto organization: Salvatore Monaco, Sara Mariotto, Sergio Ferrari, Massimiliano Calabrese, Gianluigi Zanusso, Alberto Gaiofatto, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy – sequence: 7 givenname: Domenico surname: Sansonno fullname: Sansonno, Domenico organization: Salvatore Monaco, Sara Mariotto, Sergio Ferrari, Massimiliano Calabrese, Gianluigi Zanusso, Alberto Gaiofatto, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy – sequence: 8 givenname: Franco surname: Dammacco fullname: Dammacco, Franco organization: Salvatore Monaco, Sara Mariotto, Sergio Ferrari, Massimiliano Calabrese, Gianluigi Zanusso, Alberto Gaiofatto, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26576086$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark	eNpN0M1KAzEUBeAgFfujD-BGsnQzY3Ink6TuSqlWKLjRnTCkyW1NaTNjMjPSt7dgBVf3cPg4izsmg1AHJOSWs7xQQj9877Z5Dzz3AnLOp0pckBEAn2agBRv8y0MyTmnHGBRFCVdkCLJUkmk5Ih9LbEzrW5_onPY-dikzKdXWmxYdDdjF2tbbcAI9UhPOVZOO9vNEorfU-VRHhzE90pnrTbCYqA8UGC-vyeXG7BPenO-EvD8t3ubLbPX6_DKfrTIrGGszbUuD3HEjtQRQonASJNsAgLRcoFBOlY5LMIiCWzRO6_WUGVCWo3DAYULuf3ebWH91mNrq4JPF_d4ErLtUcVWUBUjN1InenWm3PqCrmugPJh6rv4_ADzQXZbw
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1177_1971400917700437 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_autrev_2016_09_006 crossref_primary_10_1080_17474124_2021_1877136 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000004061 crossref_primary_10_1111_ene_15138 crossref_primary_10_1155_2020_9675235 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2019_02317 crossref_primary_10_1155_2020_1693043 crossref_primary_10_3928_00485713_20161201_01 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhep_2017_02_010 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10238_016_0410_9 crossref_primary_10_1186_s41983_022_00450_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jneuroim_2025_578567 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0192406 crossref_primary_10_1080_20477724_2021_1942680 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhep_2016_07_005 crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm8010016 crossref_primary_10_1093_infdis_jiae623 crossref_primary_10_1080_13803395_2019_1652728 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2018_02666 crossref_primary_10_3390_healthcare11142109 crossref_primary_10_1093_ofid_ofaa397 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11901_018_0390_1 crossref_primary_10_1111_jvh_13584 crossref_primary_10_1097_MEG_0000000000000991 crossref_primary_10_5604_01_3001_0009_8588 crossref_primary_10_1111_jvh_13020 crossref_primary_10_5812_hepatmon_95101 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41572_018_0009_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jneuroim_2019_577022 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_encep_2024_05_002 crossref_primary_10_1111_jvh_13716 crossref_primary_10_1111_liv_13162 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_autrev_2017_03_004 crossref_primary_10_1038_nrgastro_2017_172 crossref_primary_10_1080_17512433_2017_1357466 crossref_primary_10_1155_2015_182609 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dld_2018_12_009 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neurobiolaging_2022_08_004 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40265_016_0678_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejrad_2018_03_022 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13365_020_00904_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biopha_2018_11_141 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000005066 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13365_018_0678_5 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0179312 crossref_primary_10_1002_cncr_30913 crossref_primary_10_1111_hepr_12974 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10238_018_0536_z crossref_primary_10_3390_healthcare13161953 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms21072478 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10484_024_09642_5 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41398_025_03387_3 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0205277 crossref_primary_10_1111_acer_13796 crossref_primary_10_1080_13548506_2022_2029915 crossref_primary_10_5964_ejop_10097 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhep_2016_02_042 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0196908
ContentType	Journal Article
DBID	CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8
DOI	10.3748/wjg.v21.i42.11974
DatabaseName	Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle	MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList	MEDLINE MEDLINE - Academic
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	no_fulltext_linktorsrc
EISSN	2219-2840
ExternalDocumentID	26576086
Genre	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article Review
GroupedDBID	--- 123 29R 2WC 36B 53G 5VR 8WL AAKDD ACGFO AENEX AFUIB ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS CCEZO CGR CHBEP CIEJG CS3 CUY CVF CW9 DIK DU5 E3Z EBS ECM EIF EJD F5P FRP GX1 HYE NPM OK1 P2P RNS RPM TR2 XSB 7X8
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c400t-8c5ae1d1a68622743d6260f2226c14e47d75d162aee41cead88b90a27c1e4d212
IEDL.DBID	7X8
ISICitedReferencesCount	69
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000365025300010&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	2219-2840
IngestDate	Fri Jul 11 15:26:42 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 05:14:03 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess	false
IsOpenAccess	true
IsPeerReviewed	false
IsScholarly	true
Issue	42
Keywords	Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy Neuropsychiatric disorders Sleep disorder Neurocognitive impairment Hepatitis C virus syndrome Hepatitis C virus Extra-hepatic manifestations
Language	English
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c400t-8c5ae1d1a68622743d6260f2226c14e47d75d162aee41cead88b90a27c1e4d212
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
PMID	26576086
PQID	1735326807
PQPubID	23479
ParticipantIDs	proquest_miscellaneous_1735326807 pubmed_primary_26576086
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2015-11-14
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2015-11-14
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 11 year: 2015 text: 2015-11-14 day: 14
PublicationDecade	2010
PublicationPlace	United States
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: United States
PublicationTitle	World journal of gastroenterology : WJG
PublicationTitleAlternate	World J Gastroenterol
PublicationYear	2015
References	15792740 - Lancet Infect Dis. 2005 Apr;5(4):227-36 11454379 - Lancet. 2001 Jul 7;358(9275):38-9 25852845 - Hematol Rep. 2015 Mar 03;7(1):5632 19130196 - Metab Brain Dis. 2009 Mar;24(1):197-210 21231952 - Scand J Immunol. 2011 May;73(5):486-95 19897271 - J Hepatol. 2010 Jan;52(1):10-5 18188813 - Z Gastroenterol. 2008 Jan;46(1):22-33 19789525 - Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 Dec;104(12):2949-58 25013963 - PLoS One. 2014;9(7):e102214 21660601 - J Neurovirol. 2011 Aug;17(4):327-40 17956625 - Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2007 Oct 23;3:22 10827143 - Hepatology. 2000 Jun;31(6):1207-11 22760009 - J Hepatol. 2012 Nov;57(5):946-52 21826113 - Am J Gastroenterol. 2011 Dec;106(12):2123-32 18810597 - Neurol Sci. 2008 Sep;29(4):237-40 23300053 - Hepatology. 2013 Aug;58(2):497-504 17617123 - Liver Int. 2007 Aug;27(6):798-805 11826420 - Hepatology. 2002 Feb;35(2):433-9 16682431 - Gut. 2006 Nov;55(11):1624-30 19766994 - Int J Nurs Stud. 2010 Mar;47(3):342-9 25848462 - World J Hepatol. 2015 Mar 27;7(3):327-43 25219976 - J Psychosom Res. 2015 Feb;78(2):184-92 23246331 - Eur J Radiol. 2013 Apr;82(4):686-92 19674284 - J Viral Hepat. 2009 Sep;16(9):605-11 11680576 - Dig Dis Sci. 2001 Oct;46(10):2060-5 17597450 - J Infect Dis. 2007 Aug 1;196(3):361-70 9862876 - Hepatology. 1999 Jan;29(1):264-70 15793853 - Hepatology. 2005 Apr;41(4):801-8 12175630 - J Hepatol. 2002 Sep;37(3):349-54 2523562 - Science. 1989 Apr 21;244(4902):359-62 16625459 - Z Gastroenterol. 2006 Apr;44(4):305-17 22609196 - J Affect Disord. 2012 Dec 10;141(2-3):361-6 22075738 - Psychiatr Danub. 2011 Dec;23(4):370-7 22851795 - Sleep. 2012 Aug;35(8):1025-6 23550100 - Hepat Mon. 2013 Jan;13(1):e8340 17032190 - Am J Gastroenterol. 2006 Oct;101(10):2254-62 20926642 - Gut. 2011 Mar;60(3):370-7 25847726 - Virology. 2015 May;479-480:221-33 18339069 - Liver Int. 2008 Apr;28(4):429-31 10514113 - Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1999 Aug;11(8):833-8 8229064 - J Neurol Sci. 1993 Sep;118(2):158-68 24470692 - Sleep. 2014 Jan;37(1):9-17 15519659 - J Hepatol. 2004 Nov;41(5):845-51 18721241 - Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Nov;103(11):2766-75 25848476 - World J Hepatol. 2015 Mar 27;7(3):532-8 25359924 - Br J Psychiatry. 2015 Jan;206(1):45-51 9425939 - Hepatology. 1998 Jan;27(1):209-12 24308991 - J Hepatol. 2014 Apr;60(4):732-40 16237784 - J Hepatol. 2005 Oct;43(4):614-22 7898401 - Metab Brain Dis. 1994 Dec;9(4):347-59 16884964 - Dig Liver Dis. 2007 Jan;39(1):2-17 19758275 - J Viral Hepat. 2010 May;17(5):352-9 23172780 - Hepatology. 2013 Apr;57(4):1333-42 22899946 - Clin Dev Immunol. 2012;2012:236148 17503314 - Z Gastroenterol. 2007 May;45(5):355-68 17936215 - Dig Liver Dis. 2007 Sep;39 Suppl 1:S13-21 10394889 - Virchows Arch. 1999 Jun;434(6):533-5 25610883 - Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2015 Jan 14;2(1):e59 22497808 - J Viral Hepat. 2012 May;19(5):301-6 21034680 - J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 Apr;72(4):522-8 17406828 - Dig Dis Sci. 2007 Oct;52(10):2531-9 10946420 - Semin Liver Dis. 2000;20(2):143-57 12081607 - J Viral Hepat. 2002 Jul;9(4):295-303 9305658 - Hepatology. 1997 Sep;26(3 Suppl 1):15S-20S 24024840 - N Engl J Med. 2013 Sep 12;369(11):1035-45 10421667 - Hepatology. 1999 Aug;30(2):550-5 23982056 - Medicine (Baltimore). 2013 Aug 26;:null 11883721 - Psychol Med. 2002 Jan;32(1):1-10 21762284 - J Viral Hepat. 2011 Aug;18(8):525-32 18538439 - J Hepatol. 2008 Sep;49(3):316-22 1653818 - J Med Virol. 1991 Jun;34(2):119-21 19128530 - J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2009 Jan;15(1):69-82 21629258 - J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2011 Nov;31(11):2199-208 12614463 - J Viral Hepat. 2003 Mar;10(2):81-6 9462628 - Hepatology. 1998 Feb;27(2):339-45 23607322 - Hepatol Res. 2014 Jan;44(1):9-16 25741133 - World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Feb 28;21(8):2269-80 10534353 - Hepatology. 1999 Nov;30(5):1299-301 20683942 - Hepatology. 2010 Aug;52(2):430-5
References_xml	– reference: 25847726 - Virology. 2015 May;479-480:221-33 – reference: 23172780 - Hepatology. 2013 Apr;57(4):1333-42 – reference: 12614463 - J Viral Hepat. 2003 Mar;10(2):81-6 – reference: 11454379 - Lancet. 2001 Jul 7;358(9275):38-9 – reference: 10534353 - Hepatology. 1999 Nov;30(5):1299-301 – reference: 8229064 - J Neurol Sci. 1993 Sep;118(2):158-68 – reference: 10946420 - Semin Liver Dis. 2000;20(2):143-57 – reference: 15793853 - Hepatology. 2005 Apr;41(4):801-8 – reference: 19128530 - J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2009 Jan;15(1):69-82 – reference: 22075738 - Psychiatr Danub. 2011 Dec;23(4):370-7 – reference: 25741133 - World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Feb 28;21(8):2269-80 – reference: 10421667 - Hepatology. 1999 Aug;30(2):550-5 – reference: 16682431 - Gut. 2006 Nov;55(11):1624-30 – reference: 2523562 - Science. 1989 Apr 21;244(4902):359-62 – reference: 24308991 - J Hepatol. 2014 Apr;60(4):732-40 – reference: 17956625 - Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2007 Oct 23;3:22 – reference: 25848462 - World J Hepatol. 2015 Mar 27;7(3):327-43 – reference: 23246331 - Eur J Radiol. 2013 Apr;82(4):686-92 – reference: 25848476 - World J Hepatol. 2015 Mar 27;7(3):532-8 – reference: 16237784 - J Hepatol. 2005 Oct;43(4):614-22 – reference: 19758275 - J Viral Hepat. 2010 May;17(5):352-9 – reference: 17936215 - Dig Liver Dis. 2007 Sep;39 Suppl 1:S13-21 – reference: 25013963 - PLoS One. 2014;9(7):e102214 – reference: 12081607 - J Viral Hepat. 2002 Jul;9(4):295-303 – reference: 18188813 - Z Gastroenterol. 2008 Jan;46(1):22-33 – reference: 18721241 - Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Nov;103(11):2766-75 – reference: 22851795 - Sleep. 2012 Aug;35(8):1025-6 – reference: 23607322 - Hepatol Res. 2014 Jan;44(1):9-16 – reference: 11883721 - Psychol Med. 2002 Jan;32(1):1-10 – reference: 10394889 - Virchows Arch. 1999 Jun;434(6):533-5 – reference: 16625459 - Z Gastroenterol. 2006 Apr;44(4):305-17 – reference: 9862876 - Hepatology. 1999 Jan;29(1):264-70 – reference: 24470692 - Sleep. 2014 Jan;37(1):9-17 – reference: 22760009 - J Hepatol. 2012 Nov;57(5):946-52 – reference: 22899946 - Clin Dev Immunol. 2012;2012:236148 – reference: 21231952 - Scand J Immunol. 2011 May;73(5):486-95 – reference: 23982056 - Medicine (Baltimore). 2013 Aug 26;:null – reference: 1653818 - J Med Virol. 1991 Jun;34(2):119-21 – reference: 17406828 - Dig Dis Sci. 2007 Oct;52(10):2531-9 – reference: 25219976 - J Psychosom Res. 2015 Feb;78(2):184-92 – reference: 25359924 - Br J Psychiatry. 2015 Jan;206(1):45-51 – reference: 21762284 - J Viral Hepat. 2011 Aug;18(8):525-32 – reference: 10827143 - Hepatology. 2000 Jun;31(6):1207-11 – reference: 9462628 - Hepatology. 1998 Feb;27(2):339-45 – reference: 16884964 - Dig Liver Dis. 2007 Jan;39(1):2-17 – reference: 25852845 - Hematol Rep. 2015 Mar 03;7(1):5632 – reference: 22609196 - J Affect Disord. 2012 Dec 10;141(2-3):361-6 – reference: 20683942 - Hepatology. 2010 Aug;52(2):430-5 – reference: 22497808 - J Viral Hepat. 2012 May;19(5):301-6 – reference: 15519659 - J Hepatol. 2004 Nov;41(5):845-51 – reference: 17617123 - Liver Int. 2007 Aug;27(6):798-805 – reference: 9425939 - Hepatology. 1998 Jan;27(1):209-12 – reference: 11680576 - Dig Dis Sci. 2001 Oct;46(10):2060-5 – reference: 21826113 - Am J Gastroenterol. 2011 Dec;106(12):2123-32 – reference: 9305658 - Hepatology. 1997 Sep;26(3 Suppl 1):15S-20S – reference: 19897271 - J Hepatol. 2010 Jan;52(1):10-5 – reference: 19766994 - Int J Nurs Stud. 2010 Mar;47(3):342-9 – reference: 18339069 - Liver Int. 2008 Apr;28(4):429-31 – reference: 15792740 - Lancet Infect Dis. 2005 Apr;5(4):227-36 – reference: 18810597 - Neurol Sci. 2008 Sep;29(4):237-40 – reference: 23300053 - Hepatology. 2013 Aug;58(2):497-504 – reference: 21660601 - J Neurovirol. 2011 Aug;17(4):327-40 – reference: 18538439 - J Hepatol. 2008 Sep;49(3):316-22 – reference: 11826420 - Hepatology. 2002 Feb;35(2):433-9 – reference: 7898401 - Metab Brain Dis. 1994 Dec;9(4):347-59 – reference: 21034680 - J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 Apr;72(4):522-8 – reference: 17503314 - Z Gastroenterol. 2007 May;45(5):355-68 – reference: 17032190 - Am J Gastroenterol. 2006 Oct;101(10):2254-62 – reference: 10514113 - Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1999 Aug;11(8):833-8 – reference: 12175630 - J Hepatol. 2002 Sep;37(3):349-54 – reference: 19789525 - Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 Dec;104(12):2949-58 – reference: 21629258 - J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2011 Nov;31(11):2199-208 – reference: 24024840 - N Engl J Med. 2013 Sep 12;369(11):1035-45 – reference: 25610883 - Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2015 Jan 14;2(1):e59 – reference: 19674284 - J Viral Hepat. 2009 Sep;16(9):605-11 – reference: 23550100 - Hepat Mon. 2013 Jan;13(1):e8340 – reference: 17597450 - J Infect Dis. 2007 Aug 1;196(3):361-70 – reference: 20926642 - Gut. 2011 Mar;60(3):370-7 – reference: 19130196 - Metab Brain Dis. 2009 Mar;24(1):197-210
SSID	ssj0023352
Score	2.4497902
SecondaryResourceType	review_article
Snippet	Since its identification in 1989, hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as a worldwide health problem with roughly 185 million chronic infections, representing...
SourceID	proquest pubmed
SourceType	Aggregation Database Index Database
StartPage	11974
SubjectTerms	Brain - physiopathology Brain - virology Cognition Cognition Disorders - diagnosis Cognition Disorders - physiopathology Cognition Disorders - psychology Cognition Disorders - virology Genotype Hepacivirus - genetics Hepacivirus - pathogenicity Hepatitis C - complications Hepatitis C - diagnosis Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Mental Disorders - diagnosis Mental Disorders - physiopathology Mental Disorders - psychology Mental Disorders - virology Prognosis Quality of Life
Title	Hepatitis C virus-associated neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders: Advances in 2015
URI	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26576086 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1735326807
Volume	21
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000365025300010&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV05T8MwFLaAMrBwiKtcMhKr29pxYocFVYiqC1UHkDogRb6CwpCWpi1_n-fELRMSEksGS1Hi5-9dfhdCdzwShvaUIyYRmnAtHdFpogjLe8YkNue5k_WwCTEayckkHYcLtyqkVa5lYi2o7dT4O_IuFVEMpobsiYfZJ_FTo3x0NYzQ2EatCEwZj2ox2UQRmK8n8sPlgCsJiOEQ1fQNV7pfH--dFaOdgrOOj6Tx3y3MWtMMDv77j4doP9iYuN-A4ghtufIYvQ2dT55eFBV-xKtivqyICkfjLK7bWm5SibAqw9ImGbow2IZGndU97jeZAxUuSgy6PT5Br4Onl8chCaMViAGmXRBpYuWopcoXiIBjGlnv2ORgLCSGcseFFbGlCVPOcWoAbVLqtKcYHKzjFtTdKdopp6U7RzjOpXC-i06sU05zm1qda8Wk4fAJbWkb3a6JlQF0fTxClW66rLIfcrXRWUPxbNb02MhYAo4QuFsXf3j7Eu35rfoKQcqvUCsHxnXXaNesgKbzmxoT8ByNn78B76rC8g
linkProvider	ProQuest
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hepatitis+C+virus-associated+neurocognitive+and+neuropsychiatric+disorders%3A+Advances+in+2015&rft.jtitle=World+journal+of+gastroenterology+%3A+WJG&rft.au=Monaco%2C+Salvatore&rft.au=Mariotto%2C+Sara&rft.au=Ferrari%2C+Sergio&rft.au=Calabrese%2C+Massimiliano&rft.date=2015-11-14&rft.eissn=2219-2840&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=42&rft.spage=11974&rft_id=info:doi/10.3748%2Fwjg.v21.i42.11974&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26576086&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26576086&rft.externalDocID=26576086
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2219-2840&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2219-2840&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2219-2840&client=summon