Hepatitis C virus-associated neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders: Advances in 2015

Since its identification in 1989, hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as a worldwide health problem with roughly 185 million chronic infections, representing individuals at high risk of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. In addition to being a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality due to liv...

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Vydáno v:	World journal of gastroenterology : WJG Ročník 21; číslo 42; s. 11974
Hlavní autoři:	Monaco, Salvatore, Mariotto, Sara, Ferrari, Sergio, Calabrese, Massimiliano, Zanusso, Gianluigi, Gajofatto, Alberto, Sansonno, Domenico, Dammacco, Franco
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States 14.11.2015
Témata:	Brain - physiopathology Brain - virology Cognition Cognition Disorders - diagnosis Cognition Disorders - physiopathology Cognition Disorders - psychology Cognition Disorders - virology Genotype Hepacivirus - genetics Hepacivirus - pathogenicity Hepatitis C - complications Hepatitis C - diagnosis Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Mental Disorders - diagnosis Mental Disorders - physiopathology Mental Disorders - psychology Mental Disorders - virology Prognosis Quality of Life Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy Neuropsychiatric disorders Sleep disorder Neurocognitive impairment Hepatitis C virus syndrome Hepatitis C virus Extra-hepatic manifestations
ISSN:	2219-2840, 2219-2840
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Abstract	Since its identification in 1989, hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as a worldwide health problem with roughly 185 million chronic infections, representing individuals at high risk of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. In addition to being a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality due to liver disease, HCV has emerged as an important trigger of lymphoproliferative disorders, owing to its lymphotropism, and of a wide spectrum of extra-hepatic manifestations (HCV-EHMs) affecting different organ systems. The most frequently observed HCV-EHMs include mixed cryoglobulinemia and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, nephropathies, thyreopathies, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and several neurological conditions. In addition, neuropsychiatric disorders and neurocognitive dysfunction are reported in nearly 50% of patients with chronic HCV infection, which are independent of the severity of liver disease or HCV replication rates. Fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression and reduced quality of life are commonly associated with neurocognitive alterations in patients with non-cirrhotic chronic HCV infection, regardless of the stage of liver fibrosis and the infecting genotype. These manifestations, which are the topic of this review, typically occur in the absence of structural brain damage or signal abnormalities on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), although metabolic and microstructural changes can be detected by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, perfusion-weighted and diffusion tensor MRI, and neurophysiological tests of cognitive processing. Several lines of evidence, including comparative and longitudinal neuropsychological assessments in patients achieving spontaneous or treatment-induced viral clearance, support a major pathogenic role for HCV in neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive disorders.
AbstractList	Since its identification in 1989, hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as a worldwide health problem with roughly 185 million chronic infections, representing individuals at high risk of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. In addition to being a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality due to liver disease, HCV has emerged as an important trigger of lymphoproliferative disorders, owing to its lymphotropism, and of a wide spectrum of extra-hepatic manifestations (HCV-EHMs) affecting different organ systems. The most frequently observed HCV-EHMs include mixed cryoglobulinemia and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, nephropathies, thyreopathies, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and several neurological conditions. In addition, neuropsychiatric disorders and neurocognitive dysfunction are reported in nearly 50% of patients with chronic HCV infection, which are independent of the severity of liver disease or HCV replication rates. Fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression and reduced quality of life are commonly associated with neurocognitive alterations in patients with non-cirrhotic chronic HCV infection, regardless of the stage of liver fibrosis and the infecting genotype. These manifestations, which are the topic of this review, typically occur in the absence of structural brain damage or signal abnormalities on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), although metabolic and microstructural changes can be detected by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, perfusion-weighted and diffusion tensor MRI, and neurophysiological tests of cognitive processing. Several lines of evidence, including comparative and longitudinal neuropsychological assessments in patients achieving spontaneous or treatment-induced viral clearance, support a major pathogenic role for HCV in neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive disorders.Since its identification in 1989, hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as a worldwide health problem with roughly 185 million chronic infections, representing individuals at high risk of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. In addition to being a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality due to liver disease, HCV has emerged as an important trigger of lymphoproliferative disorders, owing to its lymphotropism, and of a wide spectrum of extra-hepatic manifestations (HCV-EHMs) affecting different organ systems. The most frequently observed HCV-EHMs include mixed cryoglobulinemia and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, nephropathies, thyreopathies, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and several neurological conditions. In addition, neuropsychiatric disorders and neurocognitive dysfunction are reported in nearly 50% of patients with chronic HCV infection, which are independent of the severity of liver disease or HCV replication rates. Fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression and reduced quality of life are commonly associated with neurocognitive alterations in patients with non-cirrhotic chronic HCV infection, regardless of the stage of liver fibrosis and the infecting genotype. These manifestations, which are the topic of this review, typically occur in the absence of structural brain damage or signal abnormalities on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), although metabolic and microstructural changes can be detected by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, perfusion-weighted and diffusion tensor MRI, and neurophysiological tests of cognitive processing. Several lines of evidence, including comparative and longitudinal neuropsychological assessments in patients achieving spontaneous or treatment-induced viral clearance, support a major pathogenic role for HCV in neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive disorders. Since its identification in 1989, hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as a worldwide health problem with roughly 185 million chronic infections, representing individuals at high risk of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. In addition to being a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality due to liver disease, HCV has emerged as an important trigger of lymphoproliferative disorders, owing to its lymphotropism, and of a wide spectrum of extra-hepatic manifestations (HCV-EHMs) affecting different organ systems. The most frequently observed HCV-EHMs include mixed cryoglobulinemia and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, nephropathies, thyreopathies, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and several neurological conditions. In addition, neuropsychiatric disorders and neurocognitive dysfunction are reported in nearly 50% of patients with chronic HCV infection, which are independent of the severity of liver disease or HCV replication rates. Fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression and reduced quality of life are commonly associated with neurocognitive alterations in patients with non-cirrhotic chronic HCV infection, regardless of the stage of liver fibrosis and the infecting genotype. These manifestations, which are the topic of this review, typically occur in the absence of structural brain damage or signal abnormalities on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), although metabolic and microstructural changes can be detected by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, perfusion-weighted and diffusion tensor MRI, and neurophysiological tests of cognitive processing. Several lines of evidence, including comparative and longitudinal neuropsychological assessments in patients achieving spontaneous or treatment-induced viral clearance, support a major pathogenic role for HCV in neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive disorders.
Author	Sansonno, Domenico Monaco, Salvatore Zanusso, Gianluigi Gajofatto, Alberto Mariotto, Sara Dammacco, Franco Ferrari, Sergio Calabrese, Massimiliano
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Salvatore surname: Monaco fullname: Monaco, Salvatore organization: Salvatore Monaco, Sara Mariotto, Sergio Ferrari, Massimiliano Calabrese, Gianluigi Zanusso, Alberto Gaiofatto, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy – sequence: 2 givenname: Sara surname: Mariotto fullname: Mariotto, Sara organization: Salvatore Monaco, Sara Mariotto, Sergio Ferrari, Massimiliano Calabrese, Gianluigi Zanusso, Alberto Gaiofatto, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy – sequence: 3 givenname: Sergio surname: Ferrari fullname: Ferrari, Sergio organization: Salvatore Monaco, Sara Mariotto, Sergio Ferrari, Massimiliano Calabrese, Gianluigi Zanusso, Alberto Gaiofatto, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy – sequence: 4 givenname: Massimiliano surname: Calabrese fullname: Calabrese, Massimiliano organization: Salvatore Monaco, Sara Mariotto, Sergio Ferrari, Massimiliano Calabrese, Gianluigi Zanusso, Alberto Gaiofatto, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy – sequence: 5 givenname: Gianluigi surname: Zanusso fullname: Zanusso, Gianluigi organization: Salvatore Monaco, Sara Mariotto, Sergio Ferrari, Massimiliano Calabrese, Gianluigi Zanusso, Alberto Gaiofatto, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy – sequence: 6 givenname: Alberto surname: Gajofatto fullname: Gajofatto, Alberto organization: Salvatore Monaco, Sara Mariotto, Sergio Ferrari, Massimiliano Calabrese, Gianluigi Zanusso, Alberto Gaiofatto, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy – sequence: 7 givenname: Domenico surname: Sansonno fullname: Sansonno, Domenico organization: Salvatore Monaco, Sara Mariotto, Sergio Ferrari, Massimiliano Calabrese, Gianluigi Zanusso, Alberto Gaiofatto, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy – sequence: 8 givenname: Franco surname: Dammacco fullname: Dammacco, Franco organization: Salvatore Monaco, Sara Mariotto, Sergio Ferrari, Massimiliano Calabrese, Gianluigi Zanusso, Alberto Gaiofatto, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Keywords	Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy Neuropsychiatric disorders Sleep disorder Neurocognitive impairment Hepatitis C virus syndrome Hepatitis C virus Extra-hepatic manifestations
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Snippet	Since its identification in 1989, hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as a worldwide health problem with roughly 185 million chronic infections, representing...
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SubjectTerms	Brain - physiopathology Brain - virology Cognition Cognition Disorders - diagnosis Cognition Disorders - physiopathology Cognition Disorders - psychology Cognition Disorders - virology Genotype Hepacivirus - genetics Hepacivirus - pathogenicity Hepatitis C - complications Hepatitis C - diagnosis Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Mental Disorders - diagnosis Mental Disorders - physiopathology Mental Disorders - psychology Mental Disorders - virology Prognosis Quality of Life
Title	Hepatitis C virus-associated neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders: Advances in 2015
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