An analysis of TIMSS 2015 science reading demands

This study investigated the reading demands of restricted-use items1 administered to South African Grade 9 learners as part of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2015. The method proposed by Mullis, Martin and Foy (2013) was used to categorise items into low, medium an...

Celý popis

Uloženo v:
Podrobná bibliografie
Vydáno v:Perspectives in education Ročník 38; číslo 2; s. 285 - 302
Hlavní autoři: Van Staden, Surette, Graham, Marien Alet, Harvey, J.C.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Bloemfontein University of the Free State 01.12.2020
University of the Free State Faculty of Education
University of the Free State, Faculty of Education
Témata:
Achievement Tests
Classification
Competence
Curricula
Education policy
Educational Quality
Elementary Secondary Education
English proficiency
Foreign Countries
Grade 4
Grade 5
Grade 6
Grade 9
International Assessment
Language
Language in education
Language of Instruction
Language Usage
Literacy
Mathematics
Mathematics Achievement
Mathematics Tests
Readability
Reading
Reading Comprehension
Reading Skills
Science Achievement
Science Curriculum
Science Education
Science Tests
Secondary Education
South Africa
Teaching
Trends
Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2015
South Africa
ISSN:0258-2236, 2519-593X
On-line přístup:Získat plný text
Tagy: Přidat tag
Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!
Abstract This study investigated the reading demands of restricted-use items1 administered to South African Grade 9 learners as part of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2015. The method proposed by Mullis, Martin and Foy (2013) was used to categorise items into low, medium and high readability groups. The Knowing domain contained mostly low readability items, the Applying domain was almost equally medium and high readability items, with the Reasoning domain containing mostly high readability items. Results show significant differences between the percentage correctly answered between the low and high categories and between the medium and high categories. However, the full impact of reading demand on performance cannot be fully analysed without cross-reference to English proficiency. Nevertheless, the higher the readability, the greater the chance for learners to answer incorrectly. A continued expected low performance for most South African learners is implied.
AbstractList This study investigated the reading demands of restricted-use items administered to South African grade 9 learners as part of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2015. The method proposed by Mullis, Martin and Foy (2013) was used to categorise items into low, medium and high readability groups. The ‘knowing’ domain contained mostly low readability items; the ‘applying’ domain was almost equally medium and high readability items; with the ‘reasoning’ domain containing mostly high readability items. Results show significant differences between the percentage of correct answers between the low and high categories and between the medium and high categories. However, the impact of reading demand on performance cannot be fully analysed without cross-reference to English proficiency. Nevertheless, the higher the readability, the greater the chance is for learners to answer incorrectly. A continued expected low performance for most South African learners is implied.
This study investigated the reading demands of restricted-use items1 administered to South African Grade 9 learners as part of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2015. The method proposed by Mullis, Martin and Foy (2013) was used to categorise items into low, medium and high readability groups. The Knowing domain contained mostly low readability items, the Applying domain was almost equally medium and high readability items, with the Reasoning domain containing mostly high readability items. Results show significant differences between the percentage correctly answered between the low and high categories and between the medium and high categories. However, the full impact of reading demand on performance cannot be fully analysed without cross-reference to English proficiency. Nevertheless, the higher the readability, the greater the chance for learners to answer incorrectly. A continued expected low performance for most South African learners is implied.
Audience Elementary Secondary Education
Grade 9
Junior High Schools
High Schools
Middle Schools
Secondary Education
Author Graham, Marien Alet
Harvey, J.C.
Van Staden, Surette
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Surette
  orcidid: 0000-0002-5276-5705
  surname: Van Staden
  fullname: Van Staden, Surette
  organization: Universiteit van Pretoria
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Marien Alet
  orcidid: 0000-0003-4071-9864
  surname: Graham
  fullname: Graham, Marien Alet
  organization: Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC)
– sequence: 3
  givenname: J.C.
  orcidid: 0000-0003-3020-1842
  surname: Harvey
  fullname: Harvey, J.C.
  organization: Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC)
BackLink http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ1277467$$DView record in ERIC
BookMark eNqNUctu1DAUjVCRmBY-ARGJdaZ-xK8Fi6qaQlARSC2InXXt3HQ8SpNgZyr17_FM2i5YsbpX9zys43NanAzjgEXxgZI11ZqRcyaoEYb_Pv_RbNa_uF43bE3Nq2J1AKoDclKsCBO6YozLN8VpSjtCmKKcrgp6MZQwQP-YQirHrrxtvt3clIxQUSYfcPBYRoQ2DHdli_cwtOlt8bqDPuG7p3lW_Lza3F5-qa6_f24uL64rXxNiKtp1GpRpiRAOtCRaSF9L4zxHl88AvCMirzUVTirtpfIIAhyClEop5GdFs_i2I-zsFMM9xEc7QrDHwxjvLMQ5-B4tk8x1iJ4y7mquHRhjdA7ruWfGdTR7fVy8pjj-2WOa7W7cxxw7WVYbKqlUgmfW-4WFMfiXFzdfKVOqlirjasF9HFOK2L1wKLHHLuxzF3YKaB-4toFZarLy0z9KH2aYwzjMEUL_H_qrRZ_AhQFnmwCnvbPbeZ6S3ba93eZq8k8cMEpEdsJdjoAxYXv0GZgFRvhfHVeppQ
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_17159_1727_3781_2024_v27i0a14463
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright University of the Free State, Faculty of Education 2020
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright University of the Free State, Faculty of Education 2020
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
7SW
BJH
BNH
BNI
BNJ
BNO
ERI
PET
REK
WWN
0-V
3V.
4U-
7XB
88B
8BJ
8FK
8G5
ABUWG
AFKRA
AHOVV
ALSLI
AZQEC
BENPR
BSCPQ
CCPQU
CJNVE
CWDGH
DWQXO
FQK
GNUQQ
GUQSH
JBE
M0P
M2O
MBDVC
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PKEHL
PMKZF
PQEDU
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
UXAQP
DOA
DOI 10.18820/2519593X/PIE.V38.I2.19
DatabaseName CrossRef
ERIC
ERIC (Ovid)
ERIC
ERIC
ERIC (Legacy Platform)
ERIC( SilverPlatter )
ERIC
ERIC PlusText (Legacy Platform)
Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)
ERIC
ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection【Remote access available】
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
University Readers
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Education Database (Alumni Edition)
International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
Research Library (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
Education Research Index
Social Science Premium Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
Black Studies Center
ProQuest One
Education Collection
Middle East & Africa Database
ProQuest Central
International Bibliography of the Social Sciences
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest Research Library
International Bibliography of the Social Sciences
Education Database
Research Library
Research Library (Corporate)
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Digital Collections
ProQuest One Education
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic (retired)
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central Basic
ProQuest One Black Studies
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
ERIC
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Education
University Readers
Research Library Prep
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
Research Library (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
Middle East & Africa Database
International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Research Library
ProQuest Central (New)
Social Science Premium Collection
Education Collection
ProQuest Black Studies
ProQuest Central Basic
Black Studies Center
ProQuest Education Journals
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Digital Collections
ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest Education Journals (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
DatabaseTitleList

ERIC
Publicly Available Content Database
CrossRef
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: PIMPY
  name: Publicly Available Content Database
  url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Education
Mathematics
EISSN 2519-593X
ERIC EJ1277467
EndPage 302
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_262bfeec123b438ba9998223c3c29bf1
EJ1277467
10_18820_2519593X_pie_v38_i2_19
https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejc-persed-v38-n2-a20
GeographicLocations South Africa
GeographicLocations_xml – name: South Africa
GroupedDBID -W8
0-V
123
1RJ
8G5
AAHSB
ABOPQ
ABUWG
ACJDM
AFFHD
AFKRA
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ALSLI
ANHLU
ARALO
AZQEC
BENPR
BPHCQ
BQOBL
BSCPQ
CCPQU
CJNVE
CWDGH
DWQXO
FRA
GNUQQ
GROUPED_DOAJ
GUQSH
M0P
M2O
OK1
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PMKZF
PQEDU
PQQKQ
PROAC
QM7
RFP
SUGNK
UXAQP
AAYXX
CITATION
4JU
7SW
BJH
BNH
BNI
BNJ
BNO
ERI
KWQ
PET
REK
WWN
ZY4
3V.
4U-
7XB
8BJ
8FK
AHOVV
FQK
JBE
MBDVC
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c4009-1ff8a79d055ba860856c469bc3eb79daa3f05eb7415b678c67cea5abea66777e3
IEDL.DBID DOA
ISSN 0258-2236
IngestDate Fri Oct 03 12:34:28 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 08 23:46:56 EST 2025
Tue Dec 02 16:09:19 EST 2025
Sat Nov 29 04:40:50 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 21:53:55 EST 2025
Thu Nov 27 13:21:38 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 2
Language English
License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c4009-1ff8a79d055ba860856c469bc3eb79daa3f05eb7415b678c67cea5abea66777e3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ORCID 0000-0003-4071-9864
0000-0002-5276-5705
0000-0003-3020-1842
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/262bfeec123b438ba9998223c3c29bf1
PQID 2491616753
PQPubID 2031892
PageCount 18
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_262bfeec123b438ba9998223c3c29bf1
proquest_journals_2491616753
eric_primary_EJ1277467
crossref_primary_10_18820_2519593X_pie_v38_i2_19
crossref_citationtrail_10_18820_2519593X_pie_v38_i2_19
sabinet_saepub_https_hdl_handle_net_10520_ejc_persed_v38_n2_a20
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2020-12-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2020-12-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 12
  year: 2020
  text: 2020-12-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Bloemfontein
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Bloemfontein
PublicationTitle Perspectives in education
PublicationYear 2020
Publisher University of the Free State
University of the Free State Faculty of Education
University of the Free State, Faculty of Education
Publisher_xml – name: University of the Free State
– name: University of the Free State Faculty of Education
– name: University of the Free State, Faculty of Education
SSID ssj0027131
ssib056692393
Score 2.1972923
Snippet This study investigated the reading demands of restricted-use items1 administered to South African Grade 9 learners as part of the Trends in International...
This study investigated the reading demands of restricted-use items administered to South African grade 9 learners as part of the Trends in International...
SourceID doaj
proquest
eric
crossref
sabinet
SourceType Open Website
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 285
SubjectTerms Achievement Tests
Classification
Competence
Curricula
Education policy
Educational Quality
Elementary Secondary Education
English proficiency
Foreign Countries
Grade 4
Grade 5
Grade 6
Grade 9
International Assessment
Language
Language in education
Language of Instruction
Language Usage
Literacy
Mathematics
Mathematics Achievement
Mathematics Tests
Readability
Reading
Reading Comprehension
Reading Skills
Science Achievement
Science Curriculum
Science Education
Science Tests
Secondary Education
South Africa
Teaching
Trends
Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2015
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: Education Database
  dbid: M0P
  link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Nj9MwELVgAQkOfCy7IrCgHLimTZzYTk6rwLZQRMOKLFI5WbbjQNEqLU3Z38-M63RXHODALd9OMpOZZ2f8HiGvk0ZQ3ioVacFMlFnLIA4WAlYhn-caAG6TObEJUVX5YlGc-wG33pdVDjHRBepmZXCMfAzdBAAnAG_T0_XPCFWj8O-ql9C4Te4AUC7Qw-fx-eBPgFQKZPi67oAlO31CysA7KP62dPVeADLjMXU0K-livF7a0VWaj5Z0hPQ7N7KVI_X_sy4aAek9ZMPt7PZGZpo--t9nekweekwaljsnekJu2e4Q5Zx96ccheTDfk7v2T0lSVmFZlR-_1rM6_DQNL2bzug4hxbPQD1mFnyfl2ax6F4KVy-qsPiJfppOLt-8jr7wQmczpI7RtrkTRxIxplXOAZdxAP1qb1GrYrFTaxgwWIftryHaGC2MVU9oqzoUQNj0mB92qs89IiDNfi1wznXENwQLCgWGJTdoMUD23OgsIH96wNJ6WHNUxLiV2T9A0cjCNBNNIMI1cUpkUAYn3J653zBz_PuUNmnB_OFJruw2rzTfpv1RJOdWttQZSus7SXCuA0ICiUpMaWug2CcgxOsD-IpMPCRUo2hKQk8HK0geCXl6bOCCn3k1kr3DCo5tR1cvvzaXcMWpI3JdgYZK0P6ABwP-2cXffUalo_PzvDbwg9ykOBrhamxNysN38si_JXXO1XfabV-7L-A0FOAu_
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title An analysis of TIMSS 2015 science reading demands
URI https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejc-persed-v38-n2-a20
http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ1277467
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2491616753
https://doaj.org/article/262bfeec123b438ba9998223c3c29bf1
Volume 38
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2519-593X
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0027131
  issn: 0258-2236
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 20100101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Education Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2519-593X
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0027131
  issn: 0258-2236
  databaseCode: M0P
  dateStart: 20120301
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/education
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Middle East & Africa Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2519-593X
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0027131
  issn: 0258-2236
  databaseCode: CWDGH
  dateStart: 20120301
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/middleeastafrica
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2519-593X
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0027131
  issn: 0258-2236
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20120301
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2519-593X
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0027131
  issn: 0258-2236
  databaseCode: PIMPY
  dateStart: 20120301
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Research Library
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2519-593X
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0027131
  issn: 0258-2236
  databaseCode: M2O
  dateStart: 20120301
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/pqrl
  providerName: ProQuest
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3db9MwELfQBhIvaHxMBMbkB17bJnZsJ0_ThjpRpJaIDVSeLNu5aJ22bGq7_f3cOWmpeNkLL1Zi58M5n32_U86_Y-xzVhuhG-cG3qgwyAEUroOlwVO054VHgFvnMdmEmc2K-bysdlJ9UUxYRw_cCW4ktPANQMAV1uey8A4RDRo1GWQQpW-i45OacseZQk1CjFISt9df1yvrMhMKhXoh6IdljPRCeJmORCRYkfNRNRkPf8liOBFDIt7ZsVORzv_fiGiCoi-IB7eF9Y5NOj9gr3owyU-7j3jNnkH7hvIw9zEbb1l22nLX047wu4ZfTqYXFxytseK96ePLLoqe13BLu37fsZ_n48svXwd9koRByGMqg6YpnCnrVCnvCo0ISgd0eX2Q4LHaOdmkCg_RUHs0TEGbAE45D05rYwzIQ7bX3rXwnnHapFoWXvlce5zXOHODyiBrcgTgGnyeML0RiQ09gzglsrix5EmQLO1GlvZ-AfZRFnYhbFYmLN3eeN-RaDx9yxnJfHs5sWDHCtQN2-uGfUo3EnZII7Z9yPhbJgzlV0nY0WYMbT9nVxYdUYS_6EDJhJ3042pXjvYmxs1PK3tV39iO_MJSW0YxRBau8QUI1aGOvW-FdSL98D-6_5G9FOTdx-CZI7a3Xj7AJ_Y8PK4Xq-Ux2z8bz6ofx1HxsZymFZXiO7ZUk2n1-w-hNwG4
linkProvider Directory of Open Access Journals
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Nb9NAEB2VFFQ48FGoMBTwAY5O7PX3AVWGJNQ0MREJUnpadtfrElQlIQ5F_Cl-IzOOnVYc4NQDN3-vZT_PvlnPvgfw0slDFhRCWDL0leVp7WMcjENcxf48kkhwc68ymwizLJpO49EO_GrmwlBZZRMTq0CdLxSNkXcwTUBygvTWPVp-s8g1iv6uNhYaG1ic6J8_MGUrX6ddfL-vGOv3Jm-PrdpVwFJepf1fFJEI49z2fSmiAClHoDBHlMrVEjcL4Ra2j4vYs0mM5CoIlRa-kFoEQRiG2sXr3oBdj8Degt1ROhydNghGbhSTpthlyudsHBGZj3hk9KO0qjBDWmt3WCXs4k47y5luX7hRe8baJPhzpX-sbAT-rMQmCnyL9Hfnen2lL-zf-9-e4n24W7NuM9l8Jg9gR8_3ybC6Lm7ZhzvDrXxt-RCcJDOTLBmcjtOx-aFvTtLheGwiifHNelDO_NhLumn2zkQcJ1l3_Ag-Xcv9H0Brvpjrx2DS3N44kr70AonhEAOe8h3tFB7mLYGWngFB80a5qoXXyf_jnFMCRlDgDRQ4QoEjFPiMcSc2wN6euNxoj_z7lDcEme3hJB5ebViszngdizgLmCy0VkhapOdGUmCSgDzRVa5isSwcAw4IcNuL9N47LCRbGgMOG1TxOtSV_BJSBhzVsOSloCmd1Zyxkn_Jz_lGM4TTPodKr7j-ig1ghqPz6u7njAtmP_l7Ay9g73gyHPBBmp08hduMhj6qyqJDaK1X3_UzuKku1rNy9bz-Lk34fN0g_g3XxGsM
linkToPdf http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3LbtNAFL0qKSBY8ChUGAp4Acsk9vi9QJUhCZg2JiKtlK6GmfG4DaqcEIcifo2v414_0ooFrLpg5_dY9vGdc8d3zgF4ZWcB83MhujLwVNfV2sM4GAW4iv15KJHgZm5lNhGkaTibRZMt-NXOhaGyyjYmVoE6WygaI-9jmoDkBOmt08-bsojJYLS__NYlByn609raadQQOdA_f2D6Vr5JBviuXzM2Gh69-9BtHAa6yq18API8FEGUWZ4nRegj_fAV5otSOVriZiGc3PJwEXs5iVFd-YHSwhNSC98PgkA7eN0bsI2U3GUd2J4k48lJi2bkSRHpi12mf3btjsg8xCajn6ZVtRlSXKvPKpEXZ9ZfznXvwgl7c9Yj8Z8rfWVlKfBnVTbR4VukxVvo9ZV-cXT_f36iD-Bew8bNuP58HsKWLnbIyLopetmBu-ONrG35COw4NeM0PjyZJlPz08g8SsbTqYnkxjObwTrz8zAeJOl7E_Edp4PpYzi-lvvfhU6xKPQTMGnObxRKT7q-xDCJgVB5trZzF_MZX0vXAL99u1w1guzkC3LOKTEjWPAWFhxhwREWfM64HRlgbU5c1pok_z7lLcFncziJilcbFqtT3sQoznwmc60VkhnpOqEUmDwgf3SUo1gkc9uAXQLf5iLDjzYLyK7GgL0WYbwJgSW_hJcB-w1EeSloqmc1l6zkZ9k5r7VEOO2zqSSL66_YAGY-OqvuvmBcMOvp3xt4CbcRufwwSQ-ewR1GIyJVwdEedNar7_o53FQX63m5etF8oiZ8uW4M_wY0pXPM
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=An+analysis+of+TIMSS+2015+science+reading+demands&rft.jtitle=Perspectives+in+education&rft.au=Surette+van+Staden&rft.au=Marien+Graham&rft.au=Jaqueline+Harvey&rft.date=2020-12-01&rft.pub=University+of+the+Free+State&rft.issn=0258-2236&rft.eissn=2519-593X&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft_id=info:doi/10.18820%2F2519593X%2FPIE.V38.I2.19&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_262bfeec123b438ba9998223c3c29bf1
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0258-2236&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0258-2236&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0258-2236&client=summon