Posttraumatic idioms of distress among Darfur refugees: Hozun and Majnun

Although psychosocial programming is seen as essential to the humanitarian response to the Darfur conflict, aid groups lack culturally-appropriate assessment instruments for monitoring and evaluation. The current study used an emic-etic integrated approach to: (i) create a culturally-appropriate mea...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Transcultural psychiatry Vol. 48; no. 4; pp. 392 - 415
Main Authors: Rasmussen, Andrew, Katoni, Basila, Keller, Allen S., Wilkinson, John
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London, England SAGE Publications 01.09.2011
Sage Publications
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Anxiety disorders. Neuroses
Biological and medical sciences
Chad
Culture
Depression - diagnosis
Depression - ethnology
Depression - psychology
Factor Analysis, Statistical
Female
Humans
Interview, Psychological
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Refugees - psychology
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - diagnosis
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - ethnology
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - etiology
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - psychology
Stress, Psychological - diagnosis
Stress, Psychological - ethnology
Stress, Psychological - psychology
Sudan - ethnology
Techniques and methods
Young Adult
Chad
Africa
Sudan
war
idioms of distress
Darfur
refugees
posttraumatic stress disorder
Social environment
Human
Factor analysis
Anxiety disorder
Internal consistency
Clinical form
War
Refugee
Posttraumatic stress disorder
Test reliability
Test validation
Construct validity
Symptomatology
Psychological distress
Convergent validity
Cultural environment
Directive interview
Refugee camp
ISSN:1363-4615, 1461-7471, 1461-7471
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Although psychosocial programming is seen as essential to the humanitarian response to the Darfur conflict, aid groups lack culturally-appropriate assessment instruments for monitoring and evaluation. The current study used an emic-etic integrated approach to: (i) create a culturally-appropriate measure of distress (Study 1), and (ii) test the measure in structured interviews of 848 Darfuris living in two refugee camps in Chad (Study 2). Traditional healers identified two trauma-related idioms, hozun and majnun, which shared features with but were not identical to posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. Measures of these constructs were reliable and correlated with trauma, loss, and functional impairment. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in empirical symptom clusters conceptually parallel to general Western psychiatric constructs. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for psychosocial programming.
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ISSN:1363-4615
1461-7471
1461-7471
DOI:10.1177/1363461511409283