Development and application of SPE-LC-PDA method for the determination of triazines in water and liquid sludge samples
The solid phase extraction method has been developed and applied for the simultaneous analysis of the five most commonly used triazine pesticides. The analysis was conducted using a liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector, which was first optimized to improve the limit of quantification and...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of environmental management Jg. 249; S. 109415 |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
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England
Elsevier Ltd
01.11.2019
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| ISSN: | 0301-4797, 1095-8630, 1095-8630 |
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| Abstract | The solid phase extraction method has been developed and applied for the simultaneous analysis of the five most commonly used triazine pesticides. The analysis was conducted using a liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector, which was first optimized to improve the limit of quantification and detection. The extraction parameters (conditioning solvent and sample volume) that affect the recovery of the analytes for solid phase extraction were optimized. The recoveries obtained were between 107 and 111%. The limit of detection ranged between 0.668 and 1.16 μg/L and the limit of quantification ranged between 2.01 and 3.54 μg/L. Good precision with a relative standard deviation of less than 8% in all compounds was achieved. The developed and validated method was then applied to river water, wastewater and sludge samples from around KwaZulu-Natal. The quantified concentrations ranged from 8.35 to 2820 μg/L, 2.41–48.7 μg/L and 3.20–65.0 μg/L in sludge, wastewater, and river water respectively.
•SPE-LC-PDA was developed for determination of the selected triazine herbicides.•Triazine compounds were detected in river, wastewater and sludge samples.•Simazine had the highest concentration of 2820 μg/L μg L−1 in liquid sludge samples.•Concentrations obtained in cold season were higher compared to hot season. |
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| AbstractList | The solid phase extraction method has been developed and applied for the simultaneous analysis of the five most commonly used triazine pesticides. The analysis was conducted using a liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector, which was first optimized to improve the limit of quantification and detection. The extraction parameters (conditioning solvent and sample volume) that affect the recovery of the analytes for solid phase extraction were optimized. The recoveries obtained were between 107 and 111%. The limit of detection ranged between 0.668 and 1.16 μg/L and the limit of quantification ranged between 2.01 and 3.54 μg/L. Good precision with a relative standard deviation of less than 8% in all compounds was achieved. The developed and validated method was then applied to river water, wastewater and sludge samples from around KwaZulu-Natal. The quantified concentrations ranged from 8.35 to 2820 μg/L, 2.41-48.7 μg/L and 3.20-65.0 μg/L in sludge, wastewater, and river water respectively.The solid phase extraction method has been developed and applied for the simultaneous analysis of the five most commonly used triazine pesticides. The analysis was conducted using a liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector, which was first optimized to improve the limit of quantification and detection. The extraction parameters (conditioning solvent and sample volume) that affect the recovery of the analytes for solid phase extraction were optimized. The recoveries obtained were between 107 and 111%. The limit of detection ranged between 0.668 and 1.16 μg/L and the limit of quantification ranged between 2.01 and 3.54 μg/L. Good precision with a relative standard deviation of less than 8% in all compounds was achieved. The developed and validated method was then applied to river water, wastewater and sludge samples from around KwaZulu-Natal. The quantified concentrations ranged from 8.35 to 2820 μg/L, 2.41-48.7 μg/L and 3.20-65.0 μg/L in sludge, wastewater, and river water respectively. The solid phase extraction method has been developed and applied for the simultaneous analysis of the five most commonly used triazine pesticides. The analysis was conducted using a liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector, which was first optimized to improve the limit of quantification and detection. The extraction parameters (conditioning solvent and sample volume) that affect the recovery of the analytes for solid phase extraction were optimized. The recoveries obtained were between 107 and 111%. The limit of detection ranged between 0.668 and 1.16 μg/L and the limit of quantification ranged between 2.01 and 3.54 μg/L. Good precision with a relative standard deviation of less than 8% in all compounds was achieved. The developed and validated method was then applied to river water, wastewater and sludge samples from around KwaZulu-Natal. The quantified concentrations ranged from 8.35 to 2820 μg/L, 2.41–48.7 μg/L and 3.20–65.0 μg/L in sludge, wastewater, and river water respectively. The solid phase extraction method has been developed and applied for the simultaneous analysis of the five most commonly used triazine pesticides. The analysis was conducted using a liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector, which was first optimized to improve the limit of quantification and detection. The extraction parameters (conditioning solvent and sample volume) that affect the recovery of the analytes for solid phase extraction were optimized. The recoveries obtained were between 107 and 111%. The limit of detection ranged between 0.668 and 1.16 μg/L and the limit of quantification ranged between 2.01 and 3.54 μg/L. Good precision with a relative standard deviation of less than 8% in all compounds was achieved. The developed and validated method was then applied to river water, wastewater and sludge samples from around KwaZulu-Natal. The quantified concentrations ranged from 8.35 to 2820 μg/L, 2.41–48.7 μg/L and 3.20–65.0 μg/L in sludge, wastewater, and river water respectively. •SPE-LC-PDA was developed for determination of the selected triazine herbicides.•Triazine compounds were detected in river, wastewater and sludge samples.•Simazine had the highest concentration of 2820 μg/L μg L−1 in liquid sludge samples.•Concentrations obtained in cold season were higher compared to hot season. |
| ArticleNumber | 109415 |
| Author | Kunene, Philisiwe N. Mahlambi, Precious N. |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chroma_2021_462260 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foodchem_2021_129030 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_microc_2021_106392 crossref_primary_10_1093_chromsci_bmab140 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13065_023_01084_0 crossref_primary_10_3389_fenvc_2025_1531726 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chroma_2019_460819 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foodchem_2021_129818 crossref_primary_10_1080_03067319_2022_2161377 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jece_2020_103665 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhazmat_2023_131804 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jece_2021_105109 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jfca_2025_107195 |
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| Keywords | Solid phase extraction Liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector Environmental samples Triazine herbicides |
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