Small islands, valuable insights systems of customary resource use and resilience to climate change in the Pacific

Understanding how social-ecological systems are and can be resilient to climate change is one of the world's most crucial problems today. It requires knowledge at local and global scales, the integration of natural and social sciences, and a focus on biocultural diversity. Small Pacific Islands...

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Veröffentlicht in:Ecology and society Jg. 19; H. 4; S. 44
Hauptverfasser: McMillen, Heather L., Ticktin, Tamara, Friedlander, Alan, Jupiter, Stacy D., Thaman, Randolph, Campbell, John, Veitayaki, Joeli, Giambelluca, Thomas, Nihmei, Salesa, Rupeni, Etika, Apis-Overhoff, Lucille, Aalbersberg, William, Orcherton, Dan F.
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Ottawa Resilience Alliance 01.12.2014
Schlagworte:
Agricultural management
Agroforestry
biocultural diversity
climate
Climate change
Climate change adaptation
Climate models
customary
Ecological sustainability
Human ecology
indigenous and local ecological knowledge
Islands
Marine ecology
Marine resources
Multiculturalism & pluralism
open climate campaign
Pacific Islands
Social sciences
social-ecological resilience
Sustainable agriculture
Synthesis
ISSN:1708-3087, 1708-3087
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Abstract Understanding how social-ecological systems are and can be resilient to climate change is one of the world's most crucial problems today. It requires knowledge at local and global scales, the integration of natural and social sciences, and a focus on biocultural diversity. Small Pacific Islands and the knowledge-practice-belief systems of their peoples have a long history of resilience to environmental variability and unpredictability, including in areas with marginal habitats and with periodic, severe disturbance (e.g., drought, flood, storms, and tsunami). We review the state of research on these knowledge systems as it pertains to resilience and adaptation, and we highlight critical research needs to address the interrelated areas of: (1) local-scale expertise and observations of change with regard to weather, life-history cycles, and ecological processes; (2) customary resource management institutions and practices (i.e., with agroforests and the nearshore marine environment); and (3) the roles of leaders, social institutions, and social networks in the context of disturbance and change. We conclude that these knowledge systems can contribute high-resolution observations, benchmark data, and insights into practices that enhance resilience and adaptive capacity in integrated terrestrial and marine systems. Community-based and participatory approaches can complement and ground-truth climate models and direct culturally appropriate resource management, research, and adaptation measures. Although most islands in the Pacific are small, their knowledge systems include valuable insights on seasonal cycles, ecological processes, and the management of biocultural diversity that are relevant at a broad scale for understanding resilience and adaptability to the social-ecological effects of climate change.
AbstractList Understanding how social-ecological systems are and can be resilient to climate change is one of the world's most crucial problems today. It requires knowledge at local and global scales, the integration of natural and social sciences, and a focus on biocultural diversity. Small Pacific Islands and the knowledge-practice-belief systems of their peoples have a long history of resilience to environmental variability and unpredictability, including in areas with marginal habitats and with periodic, severe disturbance (e.g., drought, flood, storms, and tsunami). We review the state of research on these knowledge systems as it pertains to resilience and adaptation, and we highlight critical research needs to address the interrelated areas of: (1) local-scale expertise and observations of change with regard to weather, life-history cycles, and ecological processes; (2) customary resource management institutions and practices (i.e., with agroforests and the nearshore marine environment); and (3) the roles of leaders, social institutions, and social networks in the context of disturbance and change. We conclude that these knowledge systems can contribute high-resolution observations, benchmark data, and insights into practices that enhance resilience and adaptive capacity in integrated terrestrial and marine systems. Community-based and participatory approaches can complement and ground-truth climate models and direct culturally appropriate resource management, research, and adaptation measures. Although most islands in the Pacific are small, their knowledge systems include valuable insights on seasonal cycles, ecological processes, and the management of biocultural diversity that are relevant at a broad scale for understanding resilience and adaptability to the social-ecological effects of climate change.
ArticleNumber art44
Author McMillen, Heather L.
Nihmei, Salesa
Ticktin, Tamara
Thaman, Randolph
Rupeni, Etika
Friedlander, Alan
Apis-Overhoff, Lucille
Aalbersberg, William
Veitayaki, Joeli
Campbell, John
Orcherton, Dan F.
Giambelluca, Thomas
Jupiter, Stacy D.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Heather L.
  surname: McMillen
  fullname: McMillen, Heather L.
  organization: University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
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  givenname: Tamara
  surname: Ticktin
  fullname: Ticktin, Tamara
  organization: University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
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  givenname: Alan
  surname: Friedlander
  fullname: Friedlander, Alan
  organization: University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Stacy D.
  surname: Jupiter
  fullname: Jupiter, Stacy D.
  organization: Wildlife Conservation Society Fiji Country Program
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Randolph
  surname: Thaman
  fullname: Thaman, Randolph
  organization: University of the South Pacific
– sequence: 6
  givenname: John
  surname: Campbell
  fullname: Campbell, John
  organization: University of Waikato
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Joeli
  surname: Veitayaki
  fullname: Veitayaki, Joeli
  organization: University of the South Pacific
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  givenname: Thomas
  surname: Giambelluca
  fullname: Giambelluca, Thomas
  organization: University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Salesa
  surname: Nihmei
  fullname: Nihmei, Salesa
  organization: SPREP
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  givenname: Etika
  surname: Rupeni
  fullname: Rupeni, Etika
  organization: IUCN/Locally Managed Marine Network
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Lucille
  surname: Apis-Overhoff
  fullname: Apis-Overhoff, Lucille
  organization: University of the South Pacific
– sequence: 12
  givenname: William
  surname: Aalbersberg
  fullname: Aalbersberg, William
  organization: University of the South Pacific
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Dan F.
  surname: Orcherton
  fullname: Orcherton, Dan F.
  organization: Centre for Sustainable Technology and Development, Fiji National University
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Snippet Understanding how social-ecological systems are and can be resilient to climate change is one of the world's most crucial problems today. It requires knowledge...
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SubjectTerms Agricultural management
Agroforestry
biocultural diversity
climate
Climate change
Climate change adaptation
Climate models
customary
Ecological sustainability
Human ecology
indigenous and local ecological knowledge
Islands
Marine ecology
Marine resources
Multiculturalism & pluralism
open climate campaign
Pacific Islands
Social sciences
social-ecological resilience
Sustainable agriculture
Synthesis
Subtitle systems of customary resource use and resilience to climate change in the Pacific
Title Small islands, valuable insights
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