Breast cancer: A review of risk factors and diagnosis
Breast cancer remains a complex and prevalent health concern affecting millions of individuals worldwide. This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted landscape of breast cancer, elucidating the diverse spectrum of risk factors contributing to its occurrence and exploring...
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| Published in: | Medicine (Baltimore) Vol. 103; no. 3; p. e36905 |
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| Main Authors: | , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Hagerstown, MD
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
19.01.2024
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| ISSN: | 0025-7974, 1536-5964, 1536-5964 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Breast cancer remains a complex and prevalent health concern affecting millions of individuals worldwide. This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted landscape of breast cancer, elucidating the diverse spectrum of risk factors contributing to its occurrence and exploring advancements in diagnostic methodologies. Through an extensive examination of current literature, various risk factors have been identified, encompassing genetic predispositions such as BRCA mutations, hormonal influences, lifestyle factors, and reproductive patterns. Age, family history, and environmental factors further contribute to the intricate tapestry of breast cancer etiology. Moreover, this review delineates the pivotal role of diagnostic tools in the early detection and management of breast cancer. Mammography, the cornerstone of breast cancer screening, is augmented by emerging technologies like magnetic resonance imaging and molecular testing, enabling improved sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing breast malignancies. Despite these advancements, challenges persist in ensuring widespread accessibility to screening programs, particularly in resource-limited settings. In conclusion, this review underscores the importance of understanding diverse risk factors in the development of breast cancer and emphasizes the critical role of evolving diagnostic modalities in enhancing early detection. The synthesis of current knowledge in this review aims to contribute to a deeper comprehension of breast cancer's multifactorial nature and inform future directions in research, screening strategies, and preventive interventions. |
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| AbstractList | Breast cancer remains a complex and prevalent health concern affecting millions of individuals worldwide. This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted landscape of breast cancer, elucidating the diverse spectrum of risk factors contributing to its occurrence and exploring advancements in diagnostic methodologies. Through an extensive examination of current literature, various risk factors have been identified, encompassing genetic predispositions such as BRCA mutations, hormonal influences, lifestyle factors, and reproductive patterns. Age, family history, and environmental factors further contribute to the intricate tapestry of breast cancer etiology. Moreover, this review delineates the pivotal role of diagnostic tools in the early detection and management of breast cancer. Mammography, the cornerstone of breast cancer screening, is augmented by emerging technologies like magnetic resonance imaging and molecular testing, enabling improved sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing breast malignancies. Despite these advancements, challenges persist in ensuring widespread accessibility to screening programs, particularly in resource-limited settings. In conclusion, this review underscores the importance of understanding diverse risk factors in the development of breast cancer and emphasizes the critical role of evolving diagnostic modalities in enhancing early detection. The synthesis of current knowledge in this review aims to contribute to a deeper comprehension of breast cancer's multifactorial nature and inform future directions in research, screening strategies, and preventive interventions. Breast cancer remains a complex and prevalent health concern affecting millions of individuals worldwide. This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted landscape of breast cancer, elucidating the diverse spectrum of risk factors contributing to its occurrence and exploring advancements in diagnostic methodologies. Through an extensive examination of current literature, various risk factors have been identified, encompassing genetic predispositions such as BRCA mutations, hormonal influences, lifestyle factors, and reproductive patterns. Age, family history, and environmental factors further contribute to the intricate tapestry of breast cancer etiology. Moreover, this review delineates the pivotal role of diagnostic tools in the early detection and management of breast cancer. Mammography, the cornerstone of breast cancer screening, is augmented by emerging technologies like magnetic resonance imaging and molecular testing, enabling improved sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing breast malignancies. Despite these advancements, challenges persist in ensuring widespread accessibility to screening programs, particularly in resource-limited settings. In conclusion, this review underscores the importance of understanding diverse risk factors in the development of breast cancer and emphasizes the critical role of evolving diagnostic modalities in enhancing early detection. The synthesis of current knowledge in this review aims to contribute to a deeper comprehension of breast cancer's multifactorial nature and inform future directions in research, screening strategies, and preventive interventions.Breast cancer remains a complex and prevalent health concern affecting millions of individuals worldwide. This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted landscape of breast cancer, elucidating the diverse spectrum of risk factors contributing to its occurrence and exploring advancements in diagnostic methodologies. Through an extensive examination of current literature, various risk factors have been identified, encompassing genetic predispositions such as BRCA mutations, hormonal influences, lifestyle factors, and reproductive patterns. Age, family history, and environmental factors further contribute to the intricate tapestry of breast cancer etiology. Moreover, this review delineates the pivotal role of diagnostic tools in the early detection and management of breast cancer. Mammography, the cornerstone of breast cancer screening, is augmented by emerging technologies like magnetic resonance imaging and molecular testing, enabling improved sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing breast malignancies. Despite these advancements, challenges persist in ensuring widespread accessibility to screening programs, particularly in resource-limited settings. In conclusion, this review underscores the importance of understanding diverse risk factors in the development of breast cancer and emphasizes the critical role of evolving diagnostic modalities in enhancing early detection. The synthesis of current knowledge in this review aims to contribute to a deeper comprehension of breast cancer's multifactorial nature and inform future directions in research, screening strategies, and preventive interventions. |
| Author | Obeagu, Getrude Uzoma Obeagu, Emmanuel Ifeanyi |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Emmanuel Ifeanyi orcidid: 0000-0002-4538-0161 surname: Obeagu fullname: Obeagu, Emmanuel Ifeanyi email: emmanuelobeagu@yahoo.com organization: Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda – sequence: 2 givenname: Getrude Uzoma surname: Obeagu fullname: Obeagu, Getrude Uzoma email: uzomagertrude@gmail.com organization: School of Nursing Science, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38241592$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. |
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| Issue | 3 |
| Keywords | cancers mortality breast cancer diagnosis risk factors prevention |
| Language | English |
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| Notes | Received: 29 July 2023 / Received in final form: 15 December 2023 / Accepted: 18 December 2023 The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available, but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose. How to cite this article: Obeagu EI, Obeagu GU. Breast cancer: A review of risk factors and diagnosis. Medicine 2024;103:3(e36905). * Correspondence: Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda (email: emmanuelobeagu@yahoo.com). ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1 |
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