New fundamentals in hemostasis

Hemostasis encompasses the tightly regulated processes of blood clotting, platelet activation, and vascular repair. After wounding, the hemostatic system engages a plethora of vascular and extravascular receptors that act in concert with blood components to seal off the damage inflicted to the vascu...

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Vydáno v:Physiological reviews Ročník 93; číslo 1; s. 327
Hlavní autoři: Versteeg, Henri H, Heemskerk, Johan W M, Levi, Marcel, Reitsma, Pieter H
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: United States 01.01.2013
Témata:
Animals
Blood Coagulation
Blood Coagulation Disorders - blood
Blood Coagulation Disorders - etiology
Blood Coagulation Disorders - genetics
Blood Coagulation Factor Inhibitors - genetics
Blood Coagulation Factor Inhibitors - metabolism
Blood Coagulation Factors - genetics
Blood Coagulation Factors - metabolism
Blood Platelets - metabolism
Cell Communication
Feedback, Physiological
Hemostasis
Humans
Platelet Activation
Signal Transduction
ISSN:1522-1210, 1522-1210
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Shrnutí:Hemostasis encompasses the tightly regulated processes of blood clotting, platelet activation, and vascular repair. After wounding, the hemostatic system engages a plethora of vascular and extravascular receptors that act in concert with blood components to seal off the damage inflicted to the vasculature and the surrounding tissue. The first important component that contributes to hemostasis is the coagulation system, while the second important component starts with platelet activation, which not only contributes to the hemostatic plug, but also accelerates the coagulation system. Eventually, coagulation and platelet activation are switched off by blood-borne inhibitors and proteolytic feedback loops. This review summarizes new concepts of activation of proteases that regulate coagulation and anticoagulation, to give rise to transient thrombin generation and fibrin clot formation. It further speculates on the (patho)physiological roles of intra- and extravascular receptors that operate in response to these proteases. Furthermore, this review provides a new framework for understanding how signaling and adhesive interactions between endothelial cells, leukocytes, and platelets can regulate thrombus formation and modulate the coagulation process. Now that the key molecular players of coagulation and platelet activation have become clear, and their complex interactions with the vessel wall have been mapped out, we can also better speculate on the causes of thrombosis-related angiopathies.
Bibliografie:ObjectType-Article-1
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ISSN:1522-1210
1522-1210
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00016.2011