Integration of energy flow modelling in life cycle assessment of electric vehicle battery repurposing: Evaluation of multi-use cases and comparison of circular business models

•Development of a 2-step LCA framework for LIB repurposing in a circular economy.•Application to case study on real-world battery storage project at industrial scale.•Integrating energy flow modelling in LCA enables assessment of different use cases.•Climate change benefits in multi-use case are 10-...

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Veröffentlicht in:Resources, conservation and recycling Jg. 174; S. 105773
Hauptverfasser: Schulz-Mönninghoff, Magnus, Bey, Niki, Nørregaard, Patrick Uldall, Niero, Monia
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Elsevier B.V 01.11.2021
Schlagworte:
Battery energy storage system
Circular economy
climate change
decision making
electric vehicles
energy flow
Germany
LCA
life cycle assessment
Multi-use case
Second life
Germany
Second life
Battery energy storage system
Circular economy
LCA
Multi-use case
ISSN:0921-3449, 1879-0658
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Zusammenfassung:•Development of a 2-step LCA framework for LIB repurposing in a circular economy.•Application to case study on real-world battery storage project at industrial scale.•Integrating energy flow modelling in LCA enables assessment of different use cases.•Climate change benefits in multi-use case are 10-22% lower than in single-use cases.•Results are compared to alternative circular business model options for LIB. In their efforts to implement a circular economy (CE) for lithium-ion batteries (LIB) in electric vehicles, automotive manufacturers need to take into account the perspective of energy consumers when assessing the environmental benefits of LIB repurposing in life cycle assessment (LCA). In response to this issue, this study presents a novel LCA framework, which allows manufacturers to assess different cases of LIB repurposing in an energy system and interpret the results in a CE context. The framework firstly uses energy flow modelling to enable the assessment of combining different battery storage applications in multi-use cases. Secondly, it includes a comparison of repurposing with alternative circular business models options for LIB. The framework is applied to an automotive manufacturer, seeking to assess a real-world project of LIB repurposing in different combinations of behind-the-meter applications at an industrial production site in Germany. As a key outcome, results reveal that from the perspective of the energy consumer, climate change benefits in multi-use cases are 10–22% lower than in single applications. Furthermore, from the perspective of the automotive manufacturer, repurposing is identified as the most beneficial option of circular business models available for LIB, taking into account additional recycling benefits resulting from the delay of end-of-life. Based on these findings, the study contributes to the application of LCA for decision-making in a CE and highlights pitfalls and potentials for a sustainable implementation of LIB repurposing in the future.
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ISSN:0921-3449
1879-0658
DOI:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105773