A finer-grained linguistic profile of Alzheimer's disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Linguistic measures in spontaneous speech have shown promise in the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it remains unknown which specific linguistic variables show sensitivity and how language decline relates to primary memory deficits. We hypothesized that a set of fine-grained li...

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Vydáno v:	Journal of neurolinguistics Ročník 63; s. 101069
Hlavní autoři:	Chapin, Kayla, Clarke, Natasha, Garrard, Peter, Hinzen, Wolfram
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Tokyo Elsevier Ltd 01.08.2022 Elsevier Science Ltd
Témata:	Adjuncts Adverbials Alzheimer's disease Clauses Cognition Cognitive ability Cognitive impairment Disease Episodic memory Grammar Language Language disorders Linguistics Memory Neurodegenerative diseases Noun phrases Short term memory Specificity Speech Spontaneous connected speech Spontaneous speech Syntactic complexity Utterances Variables NP AD Memory Reference EM Grammar Spontaneous connected speech Specificity MCI MMSE SM VP HC Alzheimer's disease
ISSN:	0911-6044, 1873-8052
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Abstract	Linguistic measures in spontaneous speech have shown promise in the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it remains unknown which specific linguistic variables show sensitivity and how language decline relates to primary memory deficits. We hypothesized that a set of fine-grained linguistic variables relating specifically to forms of syntactic complexity involved in referencing objects and events as part of episodes would show sensitivity. We tested this in speech samples obtained from a picture description task, maximally isolating language deficits from the confound of episodic memory (EM) demands. 105 participants were split into Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Mild-to-Moderate AD, and healthy controls (HC). Results showed that groups did not differ on generic linguistic variables such as number or length of utterances. However, AD relative to HC produced fewer embedded adjunct clauses, indefinite noun phrases, and Aspect marking, with moderate-to-large effect sizes. MCI compared to HC produced fewer adjunct clauses as well as fewer adverbial adjuncts. Together, these results confirm language impairment in AD and MCI at the level of specific linguistic variables relating to structures required for endowing narrative with specificity and episodic richness, independently of EM demands. •We measured language changes in spontaneous connected speech in MCI and AD.•Hypothesis-driven variables revealed group differences relative to controls.•Linguistic changes were related to specificity in referencing objects and events.•Spontaneous speech reveals and allows the tracking of cognitive decline.
AbstractList	Linguistic measures in spontaneous speech have shown promise in the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it remains unknown which specific linguistic variables show sensitivity and how language decline relates to primary memory deficits. We hypothesized that a set of fine-grained linguistic variables relating specifically to forms of syntactic complexity involved in referencing objects and events as part of episodes would show sensitivity. We tested this in speech samples obtained from a picture description task, maximally isolating language deficits from the confound of episodic memory (EM) demands. 105 participants were split into Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Mild-to-Moderate AD, and healthy controls (HC). Results showed that groups did not differ on generic linguistic variables such as number or length of utterances. However, AD relative to HC produced fewer embedded adjunct clauses, indefinite noun phrases, and Aspect marking, with moderate-to-large effect sizes. MCI compared to HC produced fewer adjunct clauses as well as fewer adverbial adjuncts. Together, these results confirm language impairment in AD and MCI at the level of specific linguistic variables relating to structures required for endowing narrative with specificity and episodic richness, independently of EM demands. •We measured language changes in spontaneous connected speech in MCI and AD.•Hypothesis-driven variables revealed group differences relative to controls.•Linguistic changes were related to specificity in referencing objects and events.•Spontaneous speech reveals and allows the tracking of cognitive decline. Linguistic measures in spontaneous speech have shown promise in the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it remains unknown which specific linguistic variables show sensitivity and how language decline relates to primary memory deficits. We hypothesized that a set of fine-grained linguistic variables relating specifically to forms of syntactic complexity involved in referencing objects and events as part of episodes would show sensitivity. We tested this in speech samples obtained from a picture description task, maximally isolating language deficits from the confound of episodic memory (EM) demands. 105 participants were split into Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Mild-to-Moderate AD, and healthy controls (HC). Results showed that groups did not differ on generic linguistic variables such as number or length of utterances. However, AD relative to HC produced fewer embedded adjunct clauses, indefinite noun phrases, and Aspect marking, with moderate-to-large effect sizes. MCI compared to HC produced fewer adjunct clauses as well as fewer adverbial adjuncts. Together, these results confirm language impairment in AD and MCI at the level of specific linguistic variables relating to structures required for endowing narrative with specificity and episodic richness, independently of EM demands.
ArticleNumber	101069
Author	Clarke, Natasha Garrard, Peter Hinzen, Wolfram Chapin, Kayla
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Kayla orcidid: 0000-0002-5277-4425 surname: Chapin fullname: Chapin, Kayla email: kaylab.chapin@upf.edu organization: Department of Translation and Language Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, 08018, Barcelona, Spain – sequence: 2 givenname: Natasha surname: Clarke fullname: Clarke, Natasha organization: St. George's, University of London, Cramer Terrace, London, SW17 ORE, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Peter surname: Garrard fullname: Garrard, Peter organization: St. George's, University of London, Cramer Terrace, London, SW17 ORE, UK – sequence: 4 givenname: Wolfram surname: Hinzen fullname: Hinzen, Wolfram organization: Department of Translation and Language Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, 08018, Barcelona, Spain
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Snippet	Linguistic measures in spontaneous speech have shown promise in the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it remains unknown which specific...
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SubjectTerms	Adjuncts Adverbials Alzheimer's disease Clauses Cognition Cognitive ability Cognitive impairment Disease Episodic memory Grammar Language Language disorders Linguistics Memory Neurodegenerative diseases Noun phrases Short term memory Specificity Speech Spontaneous connected speech Spontaneous speech Syntactic complexity Utterances Variables
Title	A finer-grained linguistic profile of Alzheimer's disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
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