Opportunistic Pathogens of Recreational Waters with Emphasis on Antimicrobial Resistance—A Possible Subject of Human Health Concern

Infections caused by exposure to opportunistic pathogens can cause serious health problems during recreational water use. The problem of diseases caused by microbes transmitted by water is a major public health challenge, especially in developing countries with economic problems and poor hygiene con...

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Veröffentlicht in:International journal of environmental research and public health Jg. 19; H. 12; S. 7308
Hauptverfasser: Stec, Joanna, Kosikowska, Urszula, Mendrycka, Mariola, Stępień-Pyśniak, Dagmara, Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej, Paulina, Bębnowska, Dominika, Hrynkiewicz, Rafał, Ziętara-Wysocka, Joanna, Grywalska, Ewelina
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Basel MDPI AG 14.06.2022
MDPI
Schlagworte:
Animals
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial agents
Bacteria
Campylobacter
Drinking water
Drug resistance
E coli
Exercise
Feces
Food safety
Health risk assessment
Health risks
Infections
Manures
Metabolites
Microorganisms
Mortality
Pathogens
Recreation
Resorts & spas
Review
Salmonella
Water pollution
Water quality
ISSN:1660-4601, 1661-7827, 1660-4601
Online-Zugang:Volltext
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Zusammenfassung:Infections caused by exposure to opportunistic pathogens can cause serious health problems during recreational water use. The problem of diseases caused by microbes transmitted by water is a major public health challenge, especially in developing countries with economic problems and poor hygiene conditions. Moreover, the quality of water in natural reservoirs is often at a very low level in terms of microbiological water purity, which means that their use for recreational purposes, but also as a source of drinking water, may have serious health consequences. Recreational waters pose a threat to human health. Therefore, the quality of recreational waters is closely monitored in many jurisdictions. In this review, we summarize key information on the most common pathogens that can be water-based or waterborne. The issue of antimicrobial resistance among opportunistic pathogens remains equally important. It is important not only to fight pathogens, but also to take action to reduce chemical stressors (especially antibiotics) in the aquatic environment, and to understand the various mechanisms of the spread of antibiotic-resistant genes.
Bibliographie:ObjectType-Article-1
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ObjectType-Feature-2
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ISSN:1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
DOI:10.3390/ijerph19127308