Preparation of pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-3-carbonitriles using ZnO nano-particles: a comparison between the Box–Behnken experimental design and traditional optimization methods

The Box–Behnken experimental design has been applied to establish the optimized conditions for the synthesis of 2-amino-4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-4-phenylpyrano[3,2- c ]chromene-3-carbonitrile over ZnO nano-particles as catalyst. ZnO nano-particles were prepared using the homogeneous precipitation method an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Reaction kinetics, mechanisms and catalysis Vol. 118; no. 2; pp. 463 - 479
Main Authors: Baziar, Asma, Ghashang, Majid
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.08.2016
Subjects:
Catalysis
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering
Physical Chemistry
Zinc oxide
chromenes
Response surface methodology
Box–Behnken
Dihydropyrano[3,2
ISSN:1878-5190, 1878-5204
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:The Box–Behnken experimental design has been applied to establish the optimized conditions for the synthesis of 2-amino-4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-4-phenylpyrano[3,2- c ]chromene-3-carbonitrile over ZnO nano-particles as catalyst. ZnO nano-particles were prepared using the homogeneous precipitation method and 2-amino ethanol as precipitating agent. Three factors, three level Box–Behnken response surface design has been investigated using process parameters such as catalyst (0.05–0.5 mmol), solvent (5–20 mL) and temperature (50–90 °C). The results of the experiments were fitted to two quadratic polynomial models developed using response surface methodology, representing the functional relationship between the time and the yield of products and the experimental parameters. The predicted time and yield for optimal condition is 3.2 h and 94.6 %, respectively.
ISSN:1878-5190
1878-5204
DOI:10.1007/s11144-016-1013-x