“Coding” and “Decoding”: hypothesis for the regulatory mechanism involved in heparan sulfate biosynthesis

•Two major steps, “coding” and “decoding”, are involved in the biosynthesis of HS.•“Coding” is based on the distribution of sulfate moieties on the glucosamine.•“Code” is created by N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase, which has four isozymes.•C5-epimerase and O-sulfotransferases recognized the “Code”....

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