Impacts of small mammals and birds on low-tillage, dryland crops
During 2000–2001, small mammals, birds, and potential corn/soybean damage were studied at a low-tillage, non-irrigated agricultural research site in the Colorado Piedmont. A small mammal survey involved four trapping sessions and 18, 12-live-trap grids each. Within years, two grids each were placed...
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| Vydáno v: | Crop protection Ročník 22; číslo 4; s. 595 - 602 |
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Elsevier Ltd
01.05.2003
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| ISSN: | 0261-2194, 1873-6904 |
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| Abstract | During 2000–2001, small mammals, birds, and potential corn/soybean damage were studied at a low-tillage, non-irrigated agricultural research site in the Colorado Piedmont. A small mammal survey involved four trapping sessions and 18, 12-live-trap grids each. Within years, two grids each were placed at random, fixed locations in experimental corn, fallow, millet, pea, soybean, sunflower, and wheat plots at the site; two off-plot grids each were set at random, fixed locations <100
m from the north and south edge of these plots. In 2001, periodic bird observations were conducted, and damage to corn and soybean plants was assessed. Capture rates were low during all trap sessions (range 0.1%–3.3%,
X
̄
=2.2%
). Sixty-three small mammals were captured and 39 were recaptured. Captures included deer mouse (
Peromyscus maniculatus), northern grasshopper mouse (
Onychomys leucogaster), thirteen-lined ground squirrel (
Spermophilus tridecemlineatus), and western harvest mouse (
Reithrodontomys megalotis). Deer mice accounted for 56 of the initial captures (88.9%). In-crop captures (
n=15) and recaptures (
n=16) were most frequent in wheat plots. Bird counts were low and included horned lark (
Eremophila alpestris), killdeer plover (
Charadrius vociferus), lark bunting (
Calamospiza melanocorys), mountain plover (
Charadrius montanus), mourning dove (
Zenaida macroura), and western meadowlark (
Sturnella neglecta). No direct seed removal, sprout removal, or plant clipping by small mammals or birds was observed, but some clipping of soybean plants was attributed to deer (
Odocoileus virginianus and
O. hemionus) and jack rabbits (
Lepus townsendii or
L. californicus). Plant debris accumulation is viewed as a key factor determining small mammal abundance and potential damage in low-till agriculture. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | During 2000-2001, small mammals, birds, and potential corn/soybean damage were studied at a low-tillage, non-irrigated agricultural research site in the Colorado Piedmont. A small mammal survey involved four trapping sessions and 18, 12-live-trap grids each. Within years, two grids each were placed at random, fixed locations in experimental corn, fallow, millet, pea, soybean, sunflower, and wheat plots at the site; two off-plot grids each were set at random, fixed locations <100 m from the north and south edge of these plots. In 2001, periodic bird observations were conducted, and damage to corn and soybean plants was assessed. Capture rates were low during all trap sessions (range 0.1%-3.3%,). Sixty-three small mammals were captured and 39 were recaptured. Captures included deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), northern grasshopper mouse (Onychomys leucogaster), thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus), and western harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys megalotis). Deer mice accounted for 56 of the initial captures (88.9%). In-crop captures (n=15) and recaptures (n=16) were most frequent in wheat plots. Bird counts were low and included horned lark (Eremophila alpestris), killdeer plover (Charadrius vociferus), lark bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys), mountain plover (Charadrius montanus), mourning dove (Zenaida macroura), and western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta). No direct seed removal, sprout removal, or plant clipping by small mammals or birds was observed, but some clipping of soybean plants was attributed to deer (Odocoileus virginianus and O. hemionus) and jack rabbits (Lepus townsendii or L. californicus). Plant debris accumulation is viewed as a key factor determining small mammal abundance and potential damage in low-till agriculture. Low-tillage, dryland agriculture presents new wildlife management issues in the Great Plains. Small mammal densities and diversity, bird foraging activity, and potential damage to soybeans and corn at a low-tillage site in Colorado were studied. A small mammal survey and periodic bird observations were conducted in low tillage plots. Capture rates were low; captures took several mouse and squirrel species. In-crop captures and recaptures were most frequent in wheat plots. Bird counts also were low. Animals were not observed removing seeds or sprouts, or clipping plants. Clipping of soybean plants was attributed to deer and jack rabbits. Plant debris accumulation is a strong influence on small mammal abundance and potential damage in low-till agriculture. During 2000–2001, small mammals, birds, and potential corn/soybean damage were studied at a low-tillage, non-irrigated agricultural research site in the Colorado Piedmont. A small mammal survey involved four trapping sessions and 18, 12-live-trap grids each. Within years, two grids each were placed at random, fixed locations in experimental corn, fallow, millet, pea, soybean, sunflower, and wheat plots at the site; two off-plot grids each were set at random, fixed locations <100 m from the north and south edge of these plots. In 2001, periodic bird observations were conducted, and damage to corn and soybean plants was assessed. Capture rates were low during all trap sessions (range 0.1%–3.3%, X ̄ =2.2% ). Sixty-three small mammals were captured and 39 were recaptured. Captures included deer mouse ( Peromyscus maniculatus), northern grasshopper mouse ( Onychomys leucogaster), thirteen-lined ground squirrel ( Spermophilus tridecemlineatus), and western harvest mouse ( Reithrodontomys megalotis). Deer mice accounted for 56 of the initial captures (88.9%). In-crop captures ( n=15) and recaptures ( n=16) were most frequent in wheat plots. Bird counts were low and included horned lark ( Eremophila alpestris), killdeer plover ( Charadrius vociferus), lark bunting ( Calamospiza melanocorys), mountain plover ( Charadrius montanus), mourning dove ( Zenaida macroura), and western meadowlark ( Sturnella neglecta). No direct seed removal, sprout removal, or plant clipping by small mammals or birds was observed, but some clipping of soybean plants was attributed to deer ( Odocoileus virginianus and O. hemionus) and jack rabbits ( Lepus townsendii or L. californicus). Plant debris accumulation is viewed as a key factor determining small mammal abundance and potential damage in low-till agriculture. |
| Author | Gaddis, Stanley E Poss, David J Sterner, Ray T Tope, Kenneth L Petersen, Brett E |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ray T surname: Sterner fullname: Sterner, Ray T email: ray.t.sterner@aphis.usda.gov organization: USDA, APHIS, WS, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Brett E surname: Petersen fullname: Petersen, Brett E organization: USDA, APHIS, WS, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Stanley E surname: Gaddis fullname: Gaddis, Stanley E organization: USDA, APHIS, WS, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Kenneth L surname: Tope fullname: Tope, Kenneth L organization: USDA, APHIS, WS, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: David J surname: Poss fullname: Poss, David J organization: Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177, USA |
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| Keywords | Low-tillage Small mammal Bird Corn Crop damage Great Plains Soybean Plant debris Deer mouse Dryland |
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Pest Conf. – ident: 10.1016/S0261-2194(02)00236-3_BIB15 – ident: 10.1016/S0261-2194(02)00236-3_BIB16 – ident: 10.1016/S0261-2194(02)00236-3_BIB5 – volume: 9 start-page: 180 issue: 2 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/S0261-2194(02)00236-3_BIB14 article-title: Precipitation use efficiency as affected by cropping and tillage systems publication-title: J Prod. Agric. doi: 10.2134/jpa1996.0180 – ident: 10.1016/S0261-2194(02)00236-3_BIB6 – volume: 9 start-page: 186 issue: 2 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/S0261-2194(02)00236-3_BIB10 article-title: Integrated dryland crop and livestock production systems on the great plains publication-title: J. Prod. Agric. doi: 10.2134/jpa1996.0187 |
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| SubjectTerms | agricultural research arid lands Bird birds Charadrius Colorado Corn Crop damage crops deer Deer mouse Dryland Eremophila fallow Great Plains hares Helianthus annuus Lepus Low-tillage mice millets Odocoileus virginianus peas Peromyscus maniculatus piedmont Plant debris Small mammal small mammals Soybean soybeans Spermophilus squirrels surveys trapping wheat Zenaida |
| Title | Impacts of small mammals and birds on low-tillage, dryland crops |
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