Particle size and metal composition of gouging and lancing fumes

Metal gouging and lancing liberate particles of an unknown size and composition. Fumes are formed when vaporized materials condense in air, creating fine and ultrafine particles which can agglomerate. Particle sizes may be <1 µm in diameter. Inhalation of this mixture of metal fumes can lead to a...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene Jg. 16; H. 9; S. 643 - 655
Hauptverfasser: Keyter, Marelé, Van Der Merwe, Alicia, Franken, Anja
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: England Taylor & Francis 02.09.2019
Taylor & Francis LLC
Schlagworte:
Aluminum
Cassettes
Chromium
Composition
Copper
Cyclones
Fumes
Gouging
Health risks
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Inhalation
Maintenance
Manganese
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Metals
metalwork
Molybdenum
Nanoparticles
Nickel
NRD sampler
Particle size
Particle size distribution
respirable fraction
Respiration
Samplers
Size distribution
Stainless steel
Stainless steels
thermal metal cutting
Thorax
Tin
Titanium nitride
Ultrafines
respirable fraction
nanoparticles
Maintenance
metalwork
thermal metal cutting
NRD sampler
ISSN:1545-9624, 1545-9632, 1545-9632
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Zusammenfassung:Metal gouging and lancing liberate particles of an unknown size and composition. Fumes are formed when vaporized materials condense in air, creating fine and ultrafine particles which can agglomerate. Particle sizes may be <1 µm in diameter. Inhalation of this mixture of metal fumes can lead to adverse health effects. This study characterized fumes by particle size fractions and metal composition. As particles may be in the submicron range, the nano-size fraction was included. Randomized, side-by-side area samples of fumes liberated during gouging and lancing were collected. Samplers included the conductive plastic Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) samplers (inhalable fraction), GK2.69 stainless steel thoracic cyclones (thoracic fraction), aluminum respirable cyclones (respirable fraction), Nanoparticle Respiratory Deposition (NRD) samplers (nano-size fraction), and open-face filter cassettes (particle size distribution-PSD). Samplers were mounted at a height of between 1.3 m and 1.7 m, in the worst-case scenario area (down-wind). Forty-six samples were collected during gouging and 26 during lancing. Mass concentrations per fraction ranges (excluding nano-size) were found to be 1.27-17.27 mg/m 3 (inhalable), 1.83-13.96 mg/m 3 (thoracic) and 0.88-15.82 mg/m 3 (respirable) for gouging; and 2.34-5.60 mg/m 3 (inhalable), 2.82-4.01 mg/m 3 (thoracic), and 1.89-3.24 mg/m 3 (respirable) for lancing. PSD analysis confirmed the presence of nano-size particles with a mean size of 171.76 (±56.27) nm during gouging and 32.33 (±7.17) nm during lancing. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis of samples indicated the presence of chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), and tin (Sn) in the respective particle size fractions (including nano-size) of both processes. Negative health effects associated with metal inhalation are well known, while nanoparticles' unique properties enable them to cause further detrimental health effects. The nano-size fraction should be included in personal exposure assessments and control measures.
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ISSN:1545-9624
1545-9632
1545-9632
DOI:10.1080/15459624.2019.1639719