Assessment of Fire Fuel Load Dynamics in Shrubland Ecosystems in the Western United States Using MODIS Products

Assessing fire behavior in shrubland/grassland ecosystems of the western United States has proven especially problematic, in part due to the complex nature of the vegetation and its relationships with prior fire history events. Our goals in this study were (1) to determine if we can effectively leve...

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Vydáno v:	Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland) Ročník 12; číslo 12; s. 1911
Hlavní autoři:	Li, Zhengpeng, Shi, Hua, Vogelmann, James E., Hawbaker, Todd J., Peterson, Birgit
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Basel MDPI AG 01.06.2020
Témata:	Annual precipitation atmospheric precipitation basins Biomass Climate change climatic factors Computer simulation data collection Ecosystems fire history fire spread Forest & brush fires fuel loading Fuels fuels (fire ecology) Grasses grassland Grasslands Idaho LANDFIRE Load Loads (forces) Mapping moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer MODIS NDVI Net Primary Productivity normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetative index Precipitation Primary production Remote sensing shrubland Shrublands shrubs Spectroradiometers spring summer Temporal resolution Trends Variability Vegetation Vegetation index wildfire wildfires United States > US Idaho
ISSN:	2072-4292, 2072-4292
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Abstract	Assessing fire behavior in shrubland/grassland ecosystems of the western United States has proven especially problematic, in part due to the complex nature of the vegetation and its relationships with prior fire history events. Our goals in this study were (1) to determine if we can effectively leverage the high temporal resolution capabilities of current remote sensing systems such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to improve upon shrub and grassland mapping and (2) to determine if these improvements alter and improve fire behavior model results in these grass- and shrub-dominated systems. The study focused on the shrublands and grasslands of the Owyhee Basin, which is located primarily in southern Idaho. Shrubland and grassland fuel load dynamics were characterized using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Net Primary Production (NPP) datasets (both derived from MODIS). NDVI shrub and grassland values were converted to biomass, and custom fire behavior fuel models were then developed to evaluate the impacts of surface fuel changes on fire behaviors. Results from the study include the following: (1) high intra- and interannual spectral variability characterized these shrubland/grassland ecosystems, and this spectral variability was highly correlated with climate variables, most notably precipitation; (2) fire activity had a higher likelihood of occurring in areas where the NDVI (and biomass) differential between spring and summer values was especially high; (3) the annual fuel loads estimated from MODIS NPP showed that live herbaceous fuel loads were closely correlated with annual precipitation; (4) estimated fuel load accumulation was higher on shrublands than grasslands with the same vegetation productivity; (5) the total fuel load on shrublands was impacted by shrubland age, and live woody fuel load was over 66% of the total fuel load; and (6) comparisons of simulated fire behavior and spread between dynamic and static fuel loads, the latter estimates being obtained from the operational and nationwide LANDFIRE program, showed clear differences in fire indices and fire burn areas between the dynamic fuel loads and the static fuel loads. Current standard fuel models appear to have bias in underestimating the fire spread and total burnable area.
AbstractList	Assessing fire behavior in shrubland/grassland ecosystems of the western United States has proven especially problematic, in part due to the complex nature of the vegetation and its relationships with prior fire history events. Our goals in this study were (1) to determine if we can effectively leverage the high temporal resolution capabilities of current remote sensing systems such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to improve upon shrub and grassland mapping and (2) to determine if these improvements alter and improve fire behavior model results in these grass- and shrub-dominated systems. The study focused on the shrublands and grasslands of the Owyhee Basin, which is located primarily in southern Idaho. Shrubland and grassland fuel load dynamics were characterized using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Net Primary Production (NPP) datasets (both derived from MODIS). NDVI shrub and grassland values were converted to biomass, and custom fire behavior fuel models were then developed to evaluate the impacts of surface fuel changes on fire behaviors. Results from the study include the following: (1) high intra- and interannual spectral variability characterized these shrubland/grassland ecosystems, and this spectral variability was highly correlated with climate variables, most notably precipitation; (2) fire activity had a higher likelihood of occurring in areas where the NDVI (and biomass) differential between spring and summer values was especially high; (3) the annual fuel loads estimated from MODIS NPP showed that live herbaceous fuel loads were closely correlated with annual precipitation; (4) estimated fuel load accumulation was higher on shrublands than grasslands with the same vegetation productivity; (5) the total fuel load on shrublands was impacted by shrubland age, and live woody fuel load was over 66% of the total fuel load; and (6) comparisons of simulated fire behavior and spread between dynamic and static fuel loads, the latter estimates being obtained from the operational and nationwide LANDFIRE program, showed clear differences in fire indices and fire burn areas between the dynamic fuel loads and the static fuel loads. Current standard fuel models appear to have bias in underestimating the fire spread and total burnable area.
Author	Hawbaker, Todd J. Vogelmann, James E. Li, Zhengpeng Shi, Hua Peterson, Birgit
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Snippet	Assessing fire behavior in shrubland/grassland ecosystems of the western United States has proven especially problematic, in part due to the complex nature of...
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StartPage	1911
SubjectTerms	Annual precipitation atmospheric precipitation basins Biomass Climate change climatic factors Computer simulation data collection Ecosystems fire history fire spread Forest & brush fires fuel loading Fuels fuels (fire ecology) Grasses grassland Grasslands Idaho LANDFIRE Load Loads (forces) Mapping moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer MODIS NDVI Net Primary Productivity normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetative index Precipitation Primary production Remote sensing shrubland Shrublands shrubs Spectroradiometers spring summer Temporal resolution Trends Variability Vegetation Vegetation index wildfire wildfires
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Title	Assessment of Fire Fuel Load Dynamics in Shrubland Ecosystems in the Western United States Using MODIS Products
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