Elevation and Climate Effects on Vegetation Greenness in an Arid Mountain-Basin System of Central Asia

Mountain-basin systems (MBS) in Central Asia are unique and complex ecosystems, wherein their elevation gradients lead to high spatial heterogeneity in vegetation and its response to climate change. Exploring elevation-dependent vegetation greenness variation and the effects of climate factors on ve...

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Vydané v:	Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland) Ročník 12; číslo 10; s. 1665
Hlavní autori:	Tai, Xiaoli, Epstein, Howard E., Li, Bo
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Basel MDPI AG 01.05.2020
Predmet:	altitude Aridity Bins Carbon Central Asia China Climate change Climate effects climatic factors data collection Deserts Drying Ecosystems Elevation Grasslands Greening Heterogeneity moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer MODIS NDVI mountain-basin system Mountains normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetative index oases Precipitation Remote observing Remote sensing Spatial heterogeneity spatial variation Studies summer temperature Vegetation Vegetation effects vegetation greenness Vegetation index Wetting Central Asia China Xinjiang China
ISSN:	2072-4292, 2072-4292
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Abstract	Mountain-basin systems (MBS) in Central Asia are unique and complex ecosystems, wherein their elevation gradients lead to high spatial heterogeneity in vegetation and its response to climate change. Exploring elevation-dependent vegetation greenness variation and the effects of climate factors on vegetation has important theoretical and practical significance for regulating the ecological processes of this system. Based on the MODIS NDVI (remotely sensed normalized difference vegetation index), and observed precipitation and temperature data sets, we analyzed vegetation greenness and climate patterns and dynamics with respect to elevation (300–3600 m) in a typical MBS, in Altay Prefecture, China, during 2000–2017. Results showed that vegetation exhibited a greening (NDVI) trend for the whole region, as well as the mountain, oasis and desert zones, but only the desert zone reached significant level. Vegetation in all elevation bins showed greening, with significant trends at 400–700 m and 2600–3500 m. In summer, lower elevation bins (below 1500 m) had a nonsignificant wetting and warming trend and higher elevation bins had a nonsignificant drying and warming trend. Temperature trend increased with increasing elevation, indicating that warming was stronger at higher elevations. In addition, precipitation had a significantly positive coefficient and temperature a nonsignificant coefficient with NDVI at both regional scale and subregional scale. Our analysis suggests that the regional average could mask or obscure the relationship between climate and vegetation at elevational scale. Vegetation greenness had a positive response to precipitation change in all elevation bins, and had a negative response to temperature change at lower elevations (below 2600 m), and a positive response to temperature change at higher elevations. We observed that vegetation greenness was more sensitive to precipitation than to temperature at lower elevations (below 2700 m), and was more sensitive to temperature at higher elevations.
AbstractList	Mountain-basin systems (MBS) in Central Asia are unique and complex ecosystems, wherein their elevation gradients lead to high spatial heterogeneity in vegetation and its response to climate change. Exploring elevation-dependent vegetation greenness variation and the effects of climate factors on vegetation has important theoretical and practical significance for regulating the ecological processes of this system. Based on the MODIS NDVI (remotely sensed normalized difference vegetation index), and observed precipitation and temperature data sets, we analyzed vegetation greenness and climate patterns and dynamics with respect to elevation (300–3600 m) in a typical MBS, in Altay Prefecture, China, during 2000–2017. Results showed that vegetation exhibited a greening (NDVI) trend for the whole region, as well as the mountain, oasis and desert zones, but only the desert zone reached significant level. Vegetation in all elevation bins showed greening, with significant trends at 400–700 m and 2600–3500 m. In summer, lower elevation bins (below 1500 m) had a nonsignificant wetting and warming trend and higher elevation bins had a nonsignificant drying and warming trend. Temperature trend increased with increasing elevation, indicating that warming was stronger at higher elevations. In addition, precipitation had a significantly positive coefficient and temperature a nonsignificant coefficient with NDVI at both regional scale and subregional scale. Our analysis suggests that the regional average could mask or obscure the relationship between climate and vegetation at elevational scale. Vegetation greenness had a positive response to precipitation change in all elevation bins, and had a negative response to temperature change at lower elevations (below 2600 m), and a positive response to temperature change at higher elevations. We observed that vegetation greenness was more sensitive to precipitation than to temperature at lower elevations (below 2700 m), and was more sensitive to temperature at higher elevations.
Author	Li, Bo Epstein, Howard E. Tai, Xiaoli
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SubjectTerms	altitude Aridity Bins Carbon Central Asia China Climate change Climate effects climatic factors data collection Deserts Drying Ecosystems Elevation Grasslands Greening Heterogeneity moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer MODIS NDVI mountain-basin system Mountains normalized difference vegetation index Normalized difference vegetative index oases Precipitation Remote observing Remote sensing Spatial heterogeneity spatial variation Studies summer temperature Vegetation Vegetation effects vegetation greenness Vegetation index Wetting
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Title	Elevation and Climate Effects on Vegetation Greenness in an Arid Mountain-Basin System of Central Asia
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