Social Origins of Dictatorships: Elite Networks and Political Transitions in Haiti

Existing theories of democratic reversals emphasize that elites mount actions like coups when democracy is particularly threatening to their interests. However, existing theory has been largely silent on the role of elite social networks, which interact with economic incentives and may facilitate an...

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Published in:The American political science review Vol. 115; no. 3; pp. 900 - 916
Main Authors: NAIDU, SURESH, ROBINSON, JAMES A., YOUNG, LAUREN E.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York, USA Cambridge University Press 01.08.2021
Subjects:
19th century
Autocracy
Collective action
Coups d'etat
Democracy
Dictators
Dictatorship
Economic incentives
Elites
Evidence
Family Involvement
Government (Administrative Body)
Incentives
International trade
Network Analysis
Network centrality
Political change
Political elites
Political science
Political transition
Politics
Prices
Rents
Social activism
Social Characteristics
Social networks
Social origins
Social structure
Wealth
Haiti
United States > US
ISSN:0003-0554, 1537-5943
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Abstract Existing theories of democratic reversals emphasize that elites mount actions like coups when democracy is particularly threatening to their interests. However, existing theory has been largely silent on the role of elite social networks, which interact with economic incentives and may facilitate antidemocratic collective action. We develop a model where coups generate rents for elites and show that the effort an elite puts into a coup is increasing in their network centrality. We empirically explore the model using an original dataset of Haitian elite networks that we linked to firm-level data. We show that central families were more likely to be accused of participating in the 1991 coup against the democratic Aristide government. We then find that the retail prices of staple goods that are imported by such elites differentially increase during subsequent periods of nondemocracy. Our results suggest that elite social structure is an important factor in democratic reversals.
AbstractList Existing theories of democratic reversals emphasize that elites mount actions like coups when democracy is particularly threatening to their interests. However, existing theory has been largely silent on the role of elite social networks, which interact with economic incentives and may facilitate antidemocratic collective action. We develop a model where coups generate rents for elites and show that the effort an elite puts into a coup is increasing in their network centrality. We empirically explore the model using an original dataset of Haitian elite networks that we linked to firm-level data. We show that central families were more likely to be accused of participating in the 1991 coup against the democratic Aristide government. We then find that the retail prices of staple goods that are imported by such elites differentially increase during subsequent periods of nondemocracy. Our results suggest that elite social structure is an important factor in democratic reversals.
Author YOUNG, LAUREN E.
ROBINSON, JAMES A.
NAIDU, SURESH
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  orcidid: 0000-0002-8028-0393
  surname: ROBINSON
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  givenname: LAUREN E.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-7695-7437
  surname: YOUNG
  fullname: YOUNG, LAUREN E.
  email: leyou@ucdavis.edu
  organization: University of California, Davis
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Copyright The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the American Political Science Association
The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the American Political Science Association. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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Snippet Existing theories of democratic reversals emphasize that elites mount actions like coups when democracy is particularly threatening to their interests....
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SubjectTerms 19th century
Autocracy
Collective action
Coups d'etat
Democracy
Dictators
Dictatorship
Economic incentives
Elites
Evidence
Family Involvement
Government (Administrative Body)
Incentives
International trade
Network Analysis
Network centrality
Political change
Political elites
Political science
Political transition
Politics
Prices
Rents
Social activism
Social Characteristics
Social networks
Social origins
Social structure
Wealth
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Title Social Origins of Dictatorships: Elite Networks and Political Transitions in Haiti
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