Assessment of dermal exposure and skin condition of workers exposed to nickel at a South African base metal refinery

The objectives of this study were to assess dermal exposure of cell workers to nickel at a South African base metal refinery and to characterize their skin condition by measuring the skin hydration and trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) indices. The skin hydration index of the index finger, palm, nec...

Celý popis

Uložené v:

Podrobná bibliografia
Vydané v:	The Annals of occupational hygiene Ročník 54; číslo 1; s. 23
Hlavní autori:	Du Plessis, Johannes L, Eloff, Frederik C, Badenhorst, Casper J, Olivier, Johretha, Laubscher, Petrus J, Van Aarde, Michiel N, Franken, Anja
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	England 01.01.2010
Predmet:	Air Pollutants, Occupational - analysis Air Pollutants, Occupational - toxicity Analysis of Variance Dermatitis, Occupational - epidemiology Gloves, Protective - utilization Humans Metallurgy Nickel - analysis Nickel - toxicity Occupational Exposure - analysis Occupational Exposure - statistics & numerical data Skin - drug effects Skin - metabolism Skin Physiological Phenomena - drug effects South Africa Spectrophotometry, Atomic Water Loss, Insensible - drug effects South Africa
ISSN:	1475-3162, 1475-3162
On-line prístup:	Zistit podrobnosti o prístupe
Tagy:	Pridať tag Žiadne tagy, Buďte prvý, kto otaguje tento záznam!

Abstract	The objectives of this study were to assess dermal exposure of cell workers to nickel at a South African base metal refinery and to characterize their skin condition by measuring the skin hydration and trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) indices. The skin hydration index of the index finger, palm, neck, and forehead was measured before, during and at the end of the shift. The TEWL index was measured before and at the end of the shift. Dermal exposure samples were collected with Ghostwipes from the index finger and palm of the dominant hand, before, during, and at the end of the shift. Neck and forehead samples were collected before and at the end of the shift. Wipe samples of various surfaces in the workplace were also collected. Wipes were analyzed for nickel according to NIOSH method 9102, using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Hydration indices measured on the hands decreased significantly during the shift, but recovered to normal levels by the end of the shift. TEWL indices for the index finger and palm of the hands are indicative of a low barrier function even before commencement of the shift, which further deteriorated significantly during the shift. During the shift, substantial nickel skin loading occurred on the index finger and palm of the hand. Levels on the neck and forehead were much lower. Various workplace surfaces, which workers come into contact with, were also contaminated with nickel. The skin condition and high levels of nickel on the skin were most probably caused by inadequate chemical protection provided by protective gloves. Although, the permeability of nickel through intact skin is considered to be low, a decreased barrier function of dehydrated or slightly damaged skin will increase its permeability for nickel. The ethnicity of these exposed workers may contribute significantly toward the low incidence of allergic contact dermatitis observed. Several measures to lower dermal exposure to nickel are also recommended.
AbstractList	The objectives of this study were to assess dermal exposure of cell workers to nickel at a South African base metal refinery and to characterize their skin condition by measuring the skin hydration and trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) indices.OBJECTIVESThe objectives of this study were to assess dermal exposure of cell workers to nickel at a South African base metal refinery and to characterize their skin condition by measuring the skin hydration and trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) indices.The skin hydration index of the index finger, palm, neck, and forehead was measured before, during and at the end of the shift. The TEWL index was measured before and at the end of the shift. Dermal exposure samples were collected with Ghostwipes from the index finger and palm of the dominant hand, before, during, and at the end of the shift. Neck and forehead samples were collected before and at the end of the shift. Wipe samples of various surfaces in the workplace were also collected. Wipes were analyzed for nickel according to NIOSH method 9102, using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry.METHODSThe skin hydration index of the index finger, palm, neck, and forehead was measured before, during and at the end of the shift. The TEWL index was measured before and at the end of the shift. Dermal exposure samples were collected with Ghostwipes from the index finger and palm of the dominant hand, before, during, and at the end of the shift. Neck and forehead samples were collected before and at the end of the shift. Wipe samples of various surfaces in the workplace were also collected. Wipes were analyzed for nickel according to NIOSH method 9102, using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry.Hydration indices measured on the hands decreased significantly during the shift, but recovered to normal levels by the end of the shift. TEWL indices for the index finger and palm of the hands are indicative of a low barrier function even before commencement of the shift, which further deteriorated significantly during the shift. During the shift, substantial nickel skin loading occurred on the index finger and palm of the hand. Levels on the neck and forehead were much lower. Various workplace surfaces, which workers come into contact with, were also contaminated with nickel.RESULTSHydration indices measured on the hands decreased significantly during the shift, but recovered to normal levels by the end of the shift. TEWL indices for the index finger and palm of the hands are indicative of a low barrier function even before commencement of the shift, which further deteriorated significantly during the shift. During the shift, substantial nickel skin loading occurred on the index finger and palm of the hand. Levels on the neck and forehead were much lower. Various workplace surfaces, which workers come into contact with, were also contaminated with nickel.The skin condition and high levels of nickel on the skin were most probably caused by inadequate chemical protection provided by protective gloves. Although, the permeability of nickel through intact skin is considered to be low, a decreased barrier function of dehydrated or slightly damaged skin will increase its permeability for nickel. The ethnicity of these exposed workers may contribute significantly toward the low incidence of allergic contact dermatitis observed. Several measures to lower dermal exposure to nickel are also recommended.CONCLUSIONSThe skin condition and high levels of nickel on the skin were most probably caused by inadequate chemical protection provided by protective gloves. Although, the permeability of nickel through intact skin is considered to be low, a decreased barrier function of dehydrated or slightly damaged skin will increase its permeability for nickel. The ethnicity of these exposed workers may contribute significantly toward the low incidence of allergic contact dermatitis observed. Several measures to lower dermal exposure to nickel are also recommended. The objectives of this study were to assess dermal exposure of cell workers to nickel at a South African base metal refinery and to characterize their skin condition by measuring the skin hydration and trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) indices. The skin hydration index of the index finger, palm, neck, and forehead was measured before, during and at the end of the shift. The TEWL index was measured before and at the end of the shift. Dermal exposure samples were collected with Ghostwipes from the index finger and palm of the dominant hand, before, during, and at the end of the shift. Neck and forehead samples were collected before and at the end of the shift. Wipe samples of various surfaces in the workplace were also collected. Wipes were analyzed for nickel according to NIOSH method 9102, using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Hydration indices measured on the hands decreased significantly during the shift, but recovered to normal levels by the end of the shift. TEWL indices for the index finger and palm of the hands are indicative of a low barrier function even before commencement of the shift, which further deteriorated significantly during the shift. During the shift, substantial nickel skin loading occurred on the index finger and palm of the hand. Levels on the neck and forehead were much lower. Various workplace surfaces, which workers come into contact with, were also contaminated with nickel. The skin condition and high levels of nickel on the skin were most probably caused by inadequate chemical protection provided by protective gloves. Although, the permeability of nickel through intact skin is considered to be low, a decreased barrier function of dehydrated or slightly damaged skin will increase its permeability for nickel. The ethnicity of these exposed workers may contribute significantly toward the low incidence of allergic contact dermatitis observed. Several measures to lower dermal exposure to nickel are also recommended.
Author	Du Plessis, Johannes L Laubscher, Petrus J Van Aarde, Michiel N Eloff, Frederik C Olivier, Johretha Franken, Anja Badenhorst, Casper J
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Johannes L surname: Du Plessis fullname: Du Plessis, Johannes L email: Johan.DuPlessis@nwu.ac.za organization: North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa. Johan.DuPlessis@nwu.ac.za – sequence: 2 givenname: Frederik C surname: Eloff fullname: Eloff, Frederik C – sequence: 3 givenname: Casper J surname: Badenhorst fullname: Badenhorst, Casper J – sequence: 4 givenname: Johretha surname: Olivier fullname: Olivier, Johretha – sequence: 5 givenname: Petrus J surname: Laubscher fullname: Laubscher, Petrus J – sequence: 6 givenname: Michiel N surname: Van Aarde fullname: Van Aarde, Michiel N – sequence: 7 givenname: Anja surname: Franken fullname: Franken, Anja
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19948533$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark	eNpN0LlPwzAYBXALFdEDRlbkjSnUVw6PVcUlVWIA5shxPlPTxA62I-h_TxFFYnpv-OkNb44mzjtA6JKSG0okXyrntvu3ZQ8DqcgJmlFR5hmnBZv861M0j_GdECK4pGdoSqUUVc75DKVVjBBjDy5hb3ALoVcdhq_BxzEAVq7FcWcd1t61NlnvftSnDzsI8ZdBi5PHzuoddFglrPCzH9MWr0ywWjncqAi4h3SYDWCsg7A_R6dGdREujrlAr3e3L-uHbPN0_7hebTLNJU9ZVYFSrJSlYEZyIIxSqEhhlKa01LnIc8W1EkXDCy6kIEXVmKYtRFFUrDRCsgW6_t0dgv8YIaa6t1FD1ykHfox1yQVjTEp2kFdHOTY9tPUQbK_Cvv47in0D4Rpt4g
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1007_s10694_019_00851_7 crossref_primary_10_1093_annweh_wxaf019 crossref_primary_10_1111_jdv_13947 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tiv_2014_07_007 crossref_primary_10_1111_srt_12193 crossref_primary_10_1093_annhyg_meq057 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00420_020_01531_8 crossref_primary_10_1111_cod_13327 crossref_primary_10_1111_srt_12037 crossref_primary_10_1080_15459624_2014_919392 crossref_primary_10_1111_srt_12711
ContentType	Journal Article
DBID	CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8
DOI	10.1093/annhyg/mep080
DatabaseName	Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle	MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList	MEDLINE - Academic MEDLINE
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	no_fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Medicine Occupational Therapy & Rehabilitation
EISSN	1475-3162
ExternalDocumentID	19948533
Genre	Journal Article
GeographicLocations	South Africa
GeographicLocations_xml	– name: South Africa
GroupedDBID	--- --K -E4 .2P .55 .GJ .HR .I3 .XZ .ZR 04C 1B1 1TH 23M 2WC 3O- 4.4 482 48X 53G 5GY 5RE 5VS 5WA 5WD 6.Y 6J9 70D A8Z AABZA AACZT AAEDT AAIMJ AAJKP AALRI AAMDB AAMVS AAOGV AAPGJ AAPNW AAPQZ AAPXW AAQFI AAQXK AARHZ AAUAY AAUQX AAVAP AAVLN AAWDT AAWTL AAXUO ABDFA ABEJV ABEUO ABGNP ABIXL ABJNI ABKDP ABMAC ABMNT ABNGD ABNHQ ABNKS ABPTD ABQLI ABQTQ ABSAR ABSMQ ABVGC ABWST ABWVN ABXVV ABZBJ ACFRR ACGFO ACGFS ACPQN ACRPL ACUFI ACUTJ ACUTO ACZBC ADBBV ADEYI ADEZT ADFTL ADGKP ADGZP ADHKW ADHZD ADIPN ADJQC ADMUD ADNMO ADOCK ADQBN ADRIX ADRTK ADVEK ADYVW ADZTZ ADZXQ AEGPL AEGXH AEHUL AEJOX AEKPW AEKSI AELWJ AEMDU AENEX AENZO AEPUE AETBJ AFFQV AFFZL AFGWE AFIYH AFOFC AFSHK AFXEN AFYAG AGINJ AGKEF AGKRT AGMDO AGQXC AGSYK AHMMS AHXPO AI. AIAGR AIJHB AJEEA AKHUL AKWXX ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALUQC ANFBD APIBT APWMN AQDSO AQKUS ARIXL ASAOO ASPBG ATDFG ATGXG AVWKF AXUDD AYOIW AZFZN BAWUL BAYMD BCRHZ BHONS BMSDO BQDIO BSWAC BTRTY BVRKM BZKNY CAG CDBKE CGR COF CS3 CUY CVF CZ4 DIK DILTD D~K E3Z EBD EBS ECM EE~ EIF EIHBH EIHJH EJD ELUNK F5P F9B FDB FEDTE FGOYB FHSFR FLUFQ FOEOM FOTVD FQBLK GAUVT H13 H5~ HAR HVGLF HW0 HZ~ I-F IHE IOX J21 KOP KQ8 KSI KSN L7B M-Z M41 M49 MBLQV MBTAY N9A NGC NLBLG NOMLY NOYVH NPM NQ- NTWIH NU- NVLIB O0~ O9- OAWHX OBOKY OCZFY ODMLO OJQWA OJZSN OK1 OPAEJ OVD O~Y P2P PB- PEELM Q1. Q5Y QBD R2- R44 RD5 RIG RNI ROL ROX ROZ RPZ RW1 RXO RZF RZO SEW TCN TEORI TJX TLC TMA TR2 UCJ UHS VH1 W8F WOQ WOW X7H X7M YKOAZ YXANX ZKX ZXP ~91 ~KM 7X8 AAFWJ ABPQP ABXZS ACUKT AGQPQ ALXQX ESTFP
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c393t-88eaa279742f93e0211e806fac117c5455a3ca46b363494068bfbd6466827f492
IEDL.DBID	7X8
ISICitedReferencesCount	22
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000273492400004&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	1475-3162
IngestDate	Sat Sep 27 18:50:16 EDT 2025 Wed Feb 19 01:48:40 EST 2025
IsPeerReviewed	false
IsScholarly	false
Issue	1
Language	English
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c393t-88eaa279742f93e0211e806fac117c5455a3ca46b363494068bfbd6466827f492
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
PMID	19948533
PQID	734222992
PQPubID	23479
ParticipantIDs	proquest_miscellaneous_734222992 pubmed_primary_19948533
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2010-01-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2010-01-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 01 year: 2010 text: 2010-01-01 day: 01
PublicationDecade	2010
PublicationPlace	England
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: England
PublicationTitle	The Annals of occupational hygiene
PublicationTitleAlternate	Ann Occup Hyg
PublicationYear	2010
SSID	ssj0004391
Score	1.6213523
Snippet	The objectives of this study were to assess dermal exposure of cell workers to nickel at a South African base metal refinery and to characterize their skin...
SourceID	proquest pubmed
SourceType	Aggregation Database Index Database
StartPage	23
SubjectTerms	Air Pollutants, Occupational - analysis Air Pollutants, Occupational - toxicity Analysis of Variance Dermatitis, Occupational - epidemiology Gloves, Protective - utilization Humans Metallurgy Nickel - analysis Nickel - toxicity Occupational Exposure - analysis Occupational Exposure - statistics & numerical data Skin - drug effects Skin - metabolism Skin Physiological Phenomena - drug effects South Africa Spectrophotometry, Atomic Water Loss, Insensible - drug effects
Title	Assessment of dermal exposure and skin condition of workers exposed to nickel at a South African base metal refinery
URI	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19948533 https://www.proquest.com/docview/734222992
Volume	54
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000273492400004&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1JS8NAFB7UinhxX-rGO6i3YDKTznKSIoqXFhGF3sp0Fi22SbVR7L93XhJFD-LBS04TCDMv731vme8j5Di2jLsUNQCd1lHqQ86qvDeRsbI1aKXCCuVLsQnR7cpeT93UsznTeqzy0yeWjtrmBmvkZ4JhsUIpej55jlA0CpurtYLGPGmwgGTQqEXvG1k4KwXzklRgs5fTmmIz5PCo8fI4ezgbu0lJCPkbuCyDzNXqPz9vjazU6BLalTmskzmXbZClTt0_3yAn30mF4a5iFIBTuP3B171JivYXYSfkHiy67xG490mOBUXQmYXp0zCDkEzbcuYLV-GIVwCT1TJnocghGwYnMQJdgIZSrA8qXaIMMHrC2AXoDyFG4w3E2Ra5v7q8u7iOan2GyDDFikjKcL5UhIyEesVcQAuJkzH32iSJMAGatTQzOuUDxpEEJ-Zy4AeWp5xLKnyq6DZZyPLM7RKw3CimYuqoNSmNnaSaSS95YmXiXKyaBD63vR_sH5saOnP567T_tfFNslMdXX9S8XT0kfY4oBG29_fL-2S5GgvA2soBafjw77tDsmjeiuH05ai0q_Ds3nQ-AIcR2tI
linkProvider	ProQuest
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+dermal+exposure+and+skin+condition+of+workers+exposed+to+nickel+at+a+South+African+base+metal+refinery&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.au=Du+Plessis%2C+Johannes+L&rft.au=Eloff%2C+Frederik+C&rft.au=Badenhorst%2C+Casper+J&rft.au=Olivier%2C+Johretha&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.issn=1475-3162&rft.eissn=1475-3162&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fannhyg%2Fmep080&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1475-3162&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1475-3162&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1475-3162&client=summon