Human Health Risks due to Exposure to Water Pollution: A Review

Water resources are crucial in developing any area as they serve as a major source of potable, agricultural, and industrial water. Water contamination, caused by natural and anthropogenic activities, poses a significant threat to public health globally. This review synthesizes data from various stud...

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Published in:Water (Basel) Vol. 15; no. 14; p. 2532
Main Authors: Babuji, Preethi, Thirumalaisamy, Subramani, Duraisamy, Karunanidhi, Periyasamy, Gopinathan
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.07.2023
Subjects:
Agricultural pollution
Aquatic resources
Arsenic
Cancer
Carcinogens
chemical composition
Chemical contaminants
China
Climate change
Contamination
Drinking water
drugs
Groundwater
Health aspects
health effects assessments
Health hazards
Health risk assessment
Health risks
Heavy metals
human health
Iron
Medical wastes
microplastics
Nitrates
Pakistan
Pesticides
Pharmaceuticals
Plastic pollution
Pollutants
Public health
Selenium
Sustainable development
Teenagers
toxicity
water
Water conservation
Water pollution
Water quality
China
Pakistan
Subarnarekha River
India
ISSN:2073-4441, 2073-4441
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Water resources are crucial in developing any area as they serve as a major source of potable, agricultural, and industrial water. Water contamination, caused by natural and anthropogenic activities, poses a significant threat to public health globally. This review synthesizes data from various studies published in national and international journals, as well as reports from governmental and non-governmental organizations. Our primary objective is to understand and review previous research on water pollution, contamination types, and the effects of water contamination on public health. Water pollution studies generally involve a scientific understanding of the biological, chemical, and physical processes that control the movement of contaminants in the underground environment. The nature and severity of health consequences vary based on several factors, including the chemical composition, duration of exposure, and concentration of pollutants. This work highlights the human health risks associated with current research topics such as anthropogenic, geogenic, microplastics, pharmaceuticals, and heavy metals. A section on remedial measures and mitigation strategies is included to emphasize sustainable approaches to water conservation, replenishment, and sustainability. However, there is a lack of comprehensive knowledge regarding the distribution, toxic effects, and human health risks associated with different sources of contamination. This review thus establishes links between multiple sources of pollution, their toxicity to human health, and approaches to health risk assessment.
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ISSN:2073-4441
2073-4441
DOI:10.3390/w15142532