Vulnerability Assessment to Trihalomethane Exposure in Water Distribution Systems

Chlorination is an effective and cheap disinfectant for preventing waterborne diseases-causing microorganisms, but its compounds tend to react with the natural organic matter (NOM), forming potentially harmful and unwanted disinfection by-products (DBPs) such as trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic ac...

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Vydáno v:Water (Basel) Ročník 10; číslo 7; s. 912
Hlavní autoři: Quintiliani, Claudia, Di Cristo, Cristiana, Leopardi, Angelo
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Basel MDPI AG 10.07.2018
Témata:
byproducts
Case studies
chlorination
chronic exposure
disinfectants
disinfection
Disinfection & disinfectants
haloacetic acids
Management
microorganisms
organic matter
planning
risk
risk assessment
Trihalomethanes
Water
water distribution
water quality
Waterborne infections
ISSN:2073-4441, 2073-4441
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Shrnutí:Chlorination is an effective and cheap disinfectant for preventing waterborne diseases-causing microorganisms, but its compounds tend to react with the natural organic matter (NOM), forming potentially harmful and unwanted disinfection by-products (DBPs) such as trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), and others. The present paper proposes a methodology for estimating the vulnerability with respect to users’ exposure to DPBs in water distribution systems (WDSs). The presented application considers total THMs (TTHMs) concentration, but the methodology can be used also for other types of DPBs. Five vulnerability indexes are adopted that furnish different kinds of information about the exposure. The methodology is applied to five case studies, and the results suggest that the introduced indexes identify different critical areas in respect to elevated concentrations of TTHMs. In this way, the use of the proposed methodology allows identifying the higher risk nodes with respect to the different kinds of exposure, whether it is a short period of exposure to high TTHMs values, or chronic exposure to low concentrations. The application of the methodology furnishes useful information for an optimal WDS management, for planning system modifications and district sectorization taking into account water quality.
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ISSN:2073-4441
2073-4441
DOI:10.3390/w10070912