Assessing livestock herding practices of agro-pastoralists in western Bhutan: Livestock vulnerability to predation and implications for livestock management policy

As in many developing countries, agro-pastoralism is the major form of livelihood for rural communities in the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan. Although livestock rearing is part and parcel of rural Bhutanese agricultural system, Bhutan also has a high percentage of natural forest cover that supports a...

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Veröffentlicht in:Pastoralism : research, policy and practice Jg. 7; H. 1; S. 1 - 5
Hauptverfasser: Tshering, Kencho, Thinley, Phuntsho
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.03.2017
Frontiers Media SA
Schlagworte:
Agricultural management
Agricultural practices
Agriculture
agropastoralism
Anthropology
Applied Ecology
autumn
Bhutan
cattle
Developing countries
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecosystems
Environment
Environmental Management
farm labor
Farmers
Farming systems
Farmworkers
Forage
Forests
Herding
issues and policy
LDCs
livelihood
Livestock
livestock insurance
man-made trails
managers
Pastoralism
Pasture
pastures
Predation
Predators
questionnaires
rearing
Rural areas
rural communities
summer
surveys
Sustainable Development
wildlife
Wildlife conservation
Wildlife management
Bhutan
Livestock policy
Bhutan
Endangered predators
Herd management
Agro-pastoralism
Intensification
Livestock losses
ISSN:2041-7136, 2041-7128, 2041-7136
Online-Zugang:Volltext
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Abstract As in many developing countries, agro-pastoralism is the major form of livelihood for rural communities in the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan. Although livestock rearing is part and parcel of rural Bhutanese agricultural system, Bhutan also has a high percentage of natural forest cover that supports a diversity of endangered wild predators. The loss of cattle to these predators is an on-going source of conflict between predators, farmers, and wildlife managers. Despite awareness of predation losses, there has been no empirical assessment of livestock herding practices in Bhutan in terms of livestock vulnerability to predation. We conducted a questionnaire and a field survey in three districts of western Bhutan to assess current livestock herding practices with regard to predation vulnerability. We interviewed farmers using a semi-structured questionnaire to determine their livestock herding practices and losses. We also traversed human trails in the nearby forests and took note of livestock encountered to gain further insights into herding dynamics. Generally, livestock were more vulnerable to predation when released into the forests without accompanying herders. Seasonally, livestock were more vulnerable during summer and early autumn, which coincided with the peak farming period during which animals are typically released into forests with minimal care. Our study underscores the importance of livestock herding with accompanying herders to minimize predation losses and highlights the challenges posed by farm labour shortage in rural areas. We recommend developing a comprehensive livestock management policy that includes elaborate provisions on reducing livestock losses through livestock herd management, stock improvement, fodder development, pasture development, and sustainable livestock insurance schemes.
AbstractList As in many developing countries, agro-pastoralism is the major form of livelihood for rural communities in the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan. Although livestock rearing is part and parcel of rural Bhutanese agricultural system, Bhutan also has a high percentage of natural forest cover that supports a diversity of endangered wild predators. The loss of cattle to these predators is an on-going source of conflict between predators, farmers, and wildlife managers. Despite awareness of predation losses, there has been no empirical assessment of livestock herding practices in Bhutan in terms of livestock vulnerability to predation. We conducted a questionnaire and a field survey in three districts of western Bhutan to assess current livestock herding practices with regard to predation vulnerability. We interviewed farmers using a semi-structured questionnaire to determine their livestock herding practices and losses. We also traversed human trails in the nearby forests and took note of livestock encountered to gain further insights into herding dynamics. Generally, livestock were more vulnerable to predation when released into the forests without accompanying herders. Seasonally, livestock were more vulnerable during summer and early autumn, which coincided with the peak farming period during which animals are typically released into forests with minimal care. Our study underscores the importance of livestock herding with accompanying herders to minimize predation losses and highlights the challenges posed by farm labour shortage in rural areas. We recommend developing a comprehensive livestock management policy that includes elaborate provisions on reducing livestock losses through livestock herd management, stock improvement, fodder development, pasture development, and sustainable livestock insurance schemes.
ArticleNumber 5
Author Tshering, Kencho
Thinley, Phuntsho
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  givenname: Phuntsho
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  surname: Thinley
  fullname: Thinley, Phuntsho
  email: pthinley@uwice.gov.bt
  organization: Ugyen Wangchuck Institute for Conservation and Environment
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Issue 1
Keywords Livestock policy
Bhutan
Endangered predators
Herd management
Agro-pastoralism
Intensification
Livestock losses
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Snippet As in many developing countries, agro-pastoralism is the major form of livelihood for rural communities in the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan. Although livestock...
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SubjectTerms Agricultural management
Agricultural practices
Agriculture
agropastoralism
Anthropology
Applied Ecology
autumn
Bhutan
cattle
Developing countries
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecosystems
Environment
Environmental Management
farm labor
Farmers
Farming systems
Farmworkers
Forage
Forests
Herding
issues and policy
LDCs
livelihood
Livestock
livestock insurance
man-made trails
managers
Pastoralism
Pasture
pastures
Predation
Predators
questionnaires
rearing
Rural areas
rural communities
summer
surveys
Sustainable Development
wildlife
Wildlife conservation
Wildlife management
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Title Assessing livestock herding practices of agro-pastoralists in western Bhutan: Livestock vulnerability to predation and implications for livestock management policy
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