Economic trade-offs between hydroelectricity production and environmental externalities: A case for local externality mitigation fund

Many proposed solutions for mitigating environmental externalities from hydroelectricity generation raise equity concerns and do not adequately address uncertainties and fluctuations in energy production. To balance the disparity caused by locally concentrated negative externalities and nationally o...

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Published in:	Renewable energy Vol. 129; pp. 237 - 244
Main Authors:	Rayamajhee, Veeshan, Joshi, Aakrit
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2018
Subjects:	Benefit sharing crop damage Crop loss crop losses energy energy costs Environmental damages Externalities hydroelectric power Hydropower economics issues and policy Mitigation fund taxes uncertainty Externalities Environmental damages Crop loss Hydropower economics Mitigation fund Benefit sharing
ISSN:	0960-1481, 1879-0682
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Abstract	Many proposed solutions for mitigating environmental externalities from hydroelectricity generation raise equity concerns and do not adequately address uncertainties and fluctuations in energy production. To balance the disparity caused by locally concentrated negative externalities and nationally or globally dispersed benefits, this study makes a case for the adoption of a locally negotiated endogenous externality mitigation fund (EMF) – one that directly compensates individuals for the specific environmental externality – as a policy alternative to lump-sum taxation and/or indirect measures such as integrating externality costs into energy prices. Using downstream crop damage due to the restricted flow of water as a representative externality, we employ optimal control framework to conduct comparative analyses of exogenous and endogenous EMFs relative to the base case with no EMF. Our findings show that endogenous EMF, when compared to the base case, reduces crop loss by 87.5% with a corresponding energy production trade-off of 11.8%. On the other hand, exogenous EMF, contrary to its purported intent, exacerbates externality by incentivizing the firm to increase production to self-compensate for the payment towards the fund. Results indicate that endogenizing the EMF is preferable because the consequential reduction in energy production is economically outweighed by the externality damages avoided. •A locally managed Externality Mitigation Fund (EMF) as a type of benefit-sharing program is proposed.•We compare exogeneous EMF and externality-dependent endogenous EMF against the base case with no EMF.•In terms of the trade-offs between energy production and externality mitigation, endogenous EMF performs better.
AbstractList	Many proposed solutions for mitigating environmental externalities from hydroelectricity generation raise equity concerns and do not adequately address uncertainties and fluctuations in energy production. To balance the disparity caused by locally concentrated negative externalities and nationally or globally dispersed benefits, this study makes a case for the adoption of a locally negotiated endogenous externality mitigation fund (EMF) – one that directly compensates individuals for the specific environmental externality – as a policy alternative to lump-sum taxation and/or indirect measures such as integrating externality costs into energy prices. Using downstream crop damage due to the restricted flow of water as a representative externality, we employ optimal control framework to conduct comparative analyses of exogenous and endogenous EMFs relative to the base case with no EMF. Our findings show that endogenous EMF, when compared to the base case, reduces crop loss by 87.5% with a corresponding energy production trade-off of 11.8%. On the other hand, exogenous EMF, contrary to its purported intent, exacerbates externality by incentivizing the firm to increase production to self-compensate for the payment towards the fund. Results indicate that endogenizing the EMF is preferable because the consequential reduction in energy production is economically outweighed by the externality damages avoided. •A locally managed Externality Mitigation Fund (EMF) as a type of benefit-sharing program is proposed.•We compare exogeneous EMF and externality-dependent endogenous EMF against the base case with no EMF.•In terms of the trade-offs between energy production and externality mitigation, endogenous EMF performs better. Many proposed solutions for mitigating environmental externalities from hydroelectricity generation raise equity concerns and do not adequately address uncertainties and fluctuations in energy production. To balance the disparity caused by locally concentrated negative externalities and nationally or globally dispersed benefits, this study makes a case for the adoption of a locally negotiated endogenous externality mitigation fund (EMF) – one that directly compensates individuals for the specific environmental externality – as a policy alternative to lump-sum taxation and/or indirect measures such as integrating externality costs into energy prices. Using downstream crop damage due to the restricted flow of water as a representative externality, we employ optimal control framework to conduct comparative analyses of exogenous and endogenous EMFs relative to the base case with no EMF. Our findings show that endogenous EMF, when compared to the base case, reduces crop loss by 87.5% with a corresponding energy production trade-off of 11.8%. On the other hand, exogenous EMF, contrary to its purported intent, exacerbates externality by incentivizing the firm to increase production to self-compensate for the payment towards the fund. Results indicate that endogenizing the EMF is preferable because the consequential reduction in energy production is economically outweighed by the externality damages avoided.
Author	Joshi, Aakrit Rayamajhee, Veeshan
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Veeshan orcidid: 0000-0002-2117-7337 surname: Rayamajhee fullname: Rayamajhee, Veeshan email: vrayamajhee@unm.edu, veeshan.rayamajhee@gmail.com – sequence: 2 givenname: Aakrit surname: Joshi fullname: Joshi, Aakrit
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Snippet	Many proposed solutions for mitigating environmental externalities from hydroelectricity generation raise equity concerns and do not adequately address...
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SubjectTerms	Benefit sharing crop damage Crop loss crop losses energy energy costs Environmental damages Externalities hydroelectric power Hydropower economics issues and policy Mitigation fund taxes uncertainty
Title	Economic trade-offs between hydroelectricity production and environmental externalities: A case for local externality mitigation fund
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