Oxy-fuel combustion study of biomass fuels in a 20 kWth fluidized bed combustor

•3 biomass fuels were tested in a BFB under air and oxy-fuel combustion conditions.•Similar temperature profiles found for combustion in air and in 30% O2/70% CO2.•Lower CO emission found for oxy combustion when O2 in O2/CO2 mixture is over 25%.•Similar NOx emissions found for biomass combustion in...

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Vydáno v:	Fuel (Guildford) Ročník 215; s. 778 - 786
Hlavní autoři:	Sher, Farooq, Pans, Miguel A., Sun, Chenggong, Snape, Colin, Liu, Hao
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.03.2018 Elsevier BV
Témata:	Air temperature Biomass Biomass burning Biomass combustion Carbon capture Carbon dioxide Carbon sequestration Coal Combustion Combustion chambers Combustion temperature Dilution Emissions Firing Fluidized bed combustion Fluidized beds Freeboard Fuel combustion Fuels Gases Nitrogen oxides NOx and CO emissions Oxidizing agents Oxy-fuel Oxy-fuel combustion Oxygen Plants (botany) Reduction Specific heat Straw Temperature effects Temperature profiles NOx and CO emissions Biomass combustion Fluidized bed combustion Carbon capture Oxy-fuel combustion
ISSN:	0016-2361, 1873-7153
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Abstract	•3 biomass fuels were tested in a BFB under air and oxy-fuel combustion conditions.•Similar temperature profiles found for combustion in air and in 30% O2/70% CO2.•Lower CO emission found for oxy combustion when O2 in O2/CO2 mixture is over 25%.•Similar NOx emissions found for biomass combustion in air and in 30% O2/70% CO2.•Freeboard temperature plays a major role influencing both CO and NOx emissions. Oxy-fuel combustion is one of the promising carbon capture technologies considered to be suitable for future commercial applications with stationary combustion plants. Although more and more biomass and waste are now being burned in stationary combustion plants, research on oxy-fuel combustion of biomass has received much less attention in comparison to oxy-fuel combustion of coal. In this work, a series of tests was carried out in a 20 kWth fluidized bed combustor under oxy-fuel conditions firing two non-woody fuels (miscanthus and straw pellets) and one woody fuel (domestic wood pellet). The effects of the combustion atmosphere (air and oxy-fuel) and oxygen concentration in the oxidant of the oxy-fuel combustion on gas emissions and temperature profiles were systematically studied with the overall excess oxygen coefficient in the combustor being maintained roughly constant throughout the tests. The experimental results showed that replacing the air with an oxy-fuel oxidant of 21 vol% O2 and 79 vol% CO2 resulted in a significant decrease in combustion temperature and ultimately led to the extinction of the biomass flame due to the larger specific heat of CO2 compared to N2. To keep a similar temperature profile to that achieved under the air combustion conditions, the oxygen concentration in the oxidant of O2/CO2 mixture had to be increased to 30 vol%. A drastic decrease in CO emissions was observed for all three biomass fuels (up to 80% reduction when firing straw) under oxy-fuel combustion conditions providing that the oxygen concentration in the oxidant of O2/CO2 mixture was above 25 vol%. NOx emissions were found to decrease with the oxygen concentration in the oxy-fuel oxidant, due to i) the increase of bed temperature, which implies more volatile-N released and converted in the dense bed zone and ii) the less dilution of the gases inside the dense bed zone, which leads to a higher CO concentration in this region enhancing the reduction of NOx. Similar NOx emissions to those obtained with air combustion were found when the oxygen concentration in the oxy-fuel oxidant was kept at 30 vol%. Further analysis of the experimental results showed that the gas emissions when firing the non-woody fuels were controlled mainly by the freeboard temperature instead of the dense bed region temperature due to the characteristically high volatile matter content and fines of this kind of biomass fuels.
AbstractList	•3 biomass fuels were tested in a BFB under air and oxy-fuel combustion conditions.•Similar temperature profiles found for combustion in air and in 30% O2/70% CO2.•Lower CO emission found for oxy combustion when O2 in O2/CO2 mixture is over 25%.•Similar NOx emissions found for biomass combustion in air and in 30% O2/70% CO2.•Freeboard temperature plays a major role influencing both CO and NOx emissions. Oxy-fuel combustion is one of the promising carbon capture technologies considered to be suitable for future commercial applications with stationary combustion plants. Although more and more biomass and waste are now being burned in stationary combustion plants, research on oxy-fuel combustion of biomass has received much less attention in comparison to oxy-fuel combustion of coal. In this work, a series of tests was carried out in a 20 kWth fluidized bed combustor under oxy-fuel conditions firing two non-woody fuels (miscanthus and straw pellets) and one woody fuel (domestic wood pellet). The effects of the combustion atmosphere (air and oxy-fuel) and oxygen concentration in the oxidant of the oxy-fuel combustion on gas emissions and temperature profiles were systematically studied with the overall excess oxygen coefficient in the combustor being maintained roughly constant throughout the tests. The experimental results showed that replacing the air with an oxy-fuel oxidant of 21 vol% O2 and 79 vol% CO2 resulted in a significant decrease in combustion temperature and ultimately led to the extinction of the biomass flame due to the larger specific heat of CO2 compared to N2. To keep a similar temperature profile to that achieved under the air combustion conditions, the oxygen concentration in the oxidant of O2/CO2 mixture had to be increased to 30 vol%. A drastic decrease in CO emissions was observed for all three biomass fuels (up to 80% reduction when firing straw) under oxy-fuel combustion conditions providing that the oxygen concentration in the oxidant of O2/CO2 mixture was above 25 vol%. NOx emissions were found to decrease with the oxygen concentration in the oxy-fuel oxidant, due to i) the increase of bed temperature, which implies more volatile-N released and converted in the dense bed zone and ii) the less dilution of the gases inside the dense bed zone, which leads to a higher CO concentration in this region enhancing the reduction of NOx. Similar NOx emissions to those obtained with air combustion were found when the oxygen concentration in the oxy-fuel oxidant was kept at 30 vol%. Further analysis of the experimental results showed that the gas emissions when firing the non-woody fuels were controlled mainly by the freeboard temperature instead of the dense bed region temperature due to the characteristically high volatile matter content and fines of this kind of biomass fuels. Oxy-fuel combustion is one of the promising carbon capture technologies considered to be suitable for future commercial applications with stationary combustion plants. Although more and more biomass and waste are now being burned in stationary combustion plants, research on oxy-fuel combustion of biomass has received much less attention in comparison to oxy-fuel combustion of coal. In this work, a series of tests was carried out in a 20 kWth fluidized bed combustor under oxy-fuel conditions firing two non-woody fuels (miscanthus and straw pellets) and one woody fuel (domestic wood pellet). The effects of the combustion atmosphere (air and oxy-fuel) and oxygen concentration in the oxidant of the oxy-fuel combustion on gas emissions and temperature profiles were systematically studied with the overall excess oxygen coefficient in the combustor being maintained roughly constant throughout the tests. The experimental results showed that replacing the air with an oxy-fuel oxidant of 21 vol% O2 and 79 vol% CO2 resulted in a significant decrease in combustion temperature and ultimately led to the extinction of the biomass flame due to the larger specific heat of CO2 compared to N2. To keep a similar temperature profile to that achieved under the air combustion conditions, the oxygen concentration in the oxidant of O2/CO2 mixture had to be increased to 30 voI%. A drastic decrease in CO emissions was observed for all three biomass fuels (up to 80% reduction when firing straw) under oxy-fuel combustion conditions providing that the oxygen concentration in the oxidant of O2/CO2 mixture was above 25 vol%. NOx emissions were found to decrease with the oxygen concentration in the oxy-fuel oxidant, due to i) the increase of bed temperature, which implies more volatile-N released and converted in the dense bed zone and ii) the less dilution of the gases inside the dense bed zone, which leads to a higher CO concentration in this region enhancing the reduction of NOx. Similar NOx emissions to those obtained with air combustion were found when the oxygen concentration in the oxy-fuel oxidant was kept at 30 vol%. Further analysis of the experimental results showed that the gas emissions when firing the non-woody fuels were controlled mainly by the freeboard temperature instead of the dense bed region temperature due to the characteristically high volatile matter content and fines of this kind of biomass fuels.
Author	Liu, Hao Snape, Colin Pans, Miguel A. Sher, Farooq Sun, Chenggong
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Farooq surname: Sher fullname: Sher, Farooq – sequence: 2 givenname: Miguel A. surname: Pans fullname: Pans, Miguel A. – sequence: 3 givenname: Chenggong surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Chenggong – sequence: 4 givenname: Colin orcidid: 0000-0002-6671-8766 surname: Snape fullname: Snape, Colin – sequence: 5 givenname: Hao orcidid: 0000-0003-0658-4425 surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Hao email: Liu.Hao@nottingham.ac.uk
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Keywords	NOx and CO emissions Biomass combustion Fluidized bed combustion Carbon capture Oxy-fuel combustion
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Snippet	•3 biomass fuels were tested in a BFB under air and oxy-fuel combustion conditions.•Similar temperature profiles found for combustion in air and in 30% O2/70%... Oxy-fuel combustion is one of the promising carbon capture technologies considered to be suitable for future commercial applications with stationary combustion...
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SubjectTerms	Air temperature Biomass Biomass burning Biomass combustion Carbon capture Carbon dioxide Carbon sequestration Coal Combustion Combustion chambers Combustion temperature Dilution Emissions Firing Fluidized bed combustion Fluidized beds Freeboard Fuel combustion Fuels Gases Nitrogen oxides NOx and CO emissions Oxidizing agents Oxy-fuel Oxy-fuel combustion Oxygen Plants (botany) Reduction Specific heat Straw Temperature effects Temperature profiles
Title	Oxy-fuel combustion study of biomass fuels in a 20 kWth fluidized bed combustor
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Oxy-fuel combustion study of biomass fuels in a 20 kWth fluidized bed combustor

Oxy-fuel combustion study of biomass fuels in a 20 kWth fluidized bed combustor