On-chip generation of high-dimensional entangled quantum states and their coherent control

The on-chip generation of high-dimensional frequency-entangled states and their spectral-domain manipulation are demonstrated, introducing a powerful and practical platform for quantum information processing. Entangled qudits for quick communications Qubits, the quantum version of bits, are construc...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Nature (London) Jg. 546; H. 7660; S. 622 - 626
Hauptverfasser:	Kues, Michael, Reimer, Christian, Roztocki, Piotr, Cortés, Luis Romero, Sciara, Stefania, Wetzel, Benjamin, Zhang, Yanbing, Cino, Alfonso, Chu, Sai T., Little, Brent E., Moss, David J., Caspani, Lucia, Azaña, José, Morandotti, Roberto
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 29.06.2017 Nature Publishing Group
Schlagworte:	639/624/400/482 639/766/400/3925 Bell's inequality Coherence Computer simulation Dimensional measurement Entangled states Humanities and Social Sciences letter multidisciplinary Optical data processing Photonics Photons Quantum computing Quantum mechanics Quantum phenomena Quantum theory Qubits (quantum computing) Robustness Science Superposition (mathematics)
ISSN:	0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
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Abstract	The on-chip generation of high-dimensional frequency-entangled states and their spectral-domain manipulation are demonstrated, introducing a powerful and practical platform for quantum information processing. Entangled qudits for quick communications Qubits, the quantum version of bits, are constructed from two-level quantum systems, but in principle a quantum information processor could exploit higher-dimensional quantum systems for operation. These systems with an arbitrary number of levels are often termed qudits and can be generated, for example, from photons. Using qudits instead of qubits can increase sensitivity in quantum imaging and can boost quantum communication schemes. Here, Michael Kues et al . generate two entangled qudits on an integrated photonic chip using a four-wave mixing process. Each qudit encodes a 10-dimensional state, enabling the realization of a quantum system with 100 dimensions. This technique could find application in fibre-based quantum communications. Optical quantum states based on entangled photons are essential for solving questions in fundamental physics and are at the heart of quantum information science 1 . Specifically, the realization of high-dimensional states ( D -level quantum systems, that is, qudits, with D > 2) and their control are necessary for fundamental investigations of quantum mechanics 2 , for increasing the sensitivity of quantum imaging schemes 3 , for improving the robustness and key rate of quantum communication protocols 4 , for enabling a richer variety of quantum simulations 5 , and for achieving more efficient and error-tolerant quantum computation 6 . Integrated photonics has recently become a leading platform for the compact, cost-efficient, and stable generation and processing of non-classical optical states 7 . However, so far, integrated entangled quantum sources have been limited to qubits ( D = 2) 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 . Here we demonstrate on-chip generation of entangled qudit states, where the photons are created in a coherent superposition of multiple high-purity frequency modes. In particular, we confirm the realization of a quantum system with at least one hundred dimensions, formed by two entangled qudits with D = 10. Furthermore, using state-of-the-art, yet off-the-shelf telecommunications components, we introduce a coherent manipulation platform with which to control frequency-entangled states, capable of performing deterministic high-dimensional gate operations. We validate this platform by measuring Bell inequality violations and performing quantum state tomography. Our work enables the generation and processing of high-dimensional quantum states in a single spatial mode.
AbstractList	Optical quantum states based on entangled photons are essential for solving questions in fundamental physics and are at the heart of quantum information science. Specifically, the realization of high-dimensional states (D-level quantum systems, that is, qudits, with D > 2) and their control are necessary for fundamental investigations of quantum mechanics, for increasing the sensitivity of quantum imaging schemes, for improving the robustness and key rate of quantum communication protocols, for enabling a richer variety of quantum simulations, and for achieving more efficient and error-tolerant quantum computation. Integrated photonics has recently become a leading platform for the compact, cost-efficient, and stable generation and processing of nonclassical optical states. However, so far, integrated entangled quantum sources have been limited to qubits (D = 2). Here we demonstrate on-chip generation of entangled qudit states, where the photons are created in a coherent superposition of multiple highpurity frequency modes. In particular, we confirm the realization of a quantum system with at least one hundred dimensions, formed by two entangled qudits with D = 10. Furthermore, using state-ofthe- art, yet off-the-shelf telecommunications components, we introduce a coherent manipulation platform with which to control frequency-entangled states, capable of performing deterministic high-dimensional gate operations. We validate this platform by measuring Bell inequality violations and performing quantum state tomography. Our work enables the generation and processing of high-dimensional quantum states in a single spatial mode. Optical quantum states based on entangled photons are essential for solving questions in fundamental physics and are at the heart of quantum information science. Specifically, the realization of high-dimensional states (D-level quantum systems, that is, qudits, with D > 2) and their control are necessary for fundamental investigations of quantum mechanics, for increasing the sensitivity of quantum imaging schemes, for improving the robustness and key rate of quantum communication protocols, for enabling a richer variety of quantum simulations, and for achieving more efficient and error-tolerant quantum computation. Integrated photonics has recently become a leading platform for the compact, cost-efficient, and stable generation and processing of non-classical optical states. However, so far, integrated entangled quantum sources have been limited to qubits (D = 2). Here we demonstrate on-chip generation of entangled qudit states, where the photons are created in a coherent superposition of multiple high-purity frequency modes. In particular, we confirm the realization of a quantum system with at least one hundred dimensions, formed by two entangled qudits with D = 10. Furthermore, using state-of-the-art, yet off-the-shelf telecommunications components, we introduce a coherent manipulation platform with which to control frequency-entangled states, capable of performing deterministic high-dimensional gate operations. We validate this platform by measuring Bell inequality violations and performing quantum state tomography. Our work enables the generation and processing of high-dimensional quantum states in a single spatial mode. Optical quantum states based on entangled photons are essential for solving questions in fundamental physics and are at the heart of quantum information science. Specifically, the realization of high-dimensional states (D-level quantum systems, that is, qudits, with D > 2) and their control are necessary for fundamental investigations of quantum mechanics, for increasing the sensitivity of quantum imaging schemes, for improving the robustness and key rate of quantum communication protocols, for enabling a richer variety of quantum simulations, and for achieving more efficient and error-tolerant quantum computation. Integrated photonics has recently become a leading platform for the compact, cost-efficient, and stable generation and processing of non-classical optical states. However, so far, integrated entangled quantum sources have been limited to qubits (D = 2). Here we demonstrate on-chip generation of entangled qudit states, where the photons are created in a coherent superposition of multiple high-purity frequency modes. In particular, we confirm the realization of a quantum system with at least one hundred dimensions, formed by two entangled qudits with D = 10. Furthermore, using state-of-the-art, yet off-the-shelf telecommunications components, we introduce a coherent manipulation platform with which to control frequency-entangled states, capable of performing deterministic high-dimensional gate operations. We validate this platform by measuring Bell inequality violations and performing quantum state tomography. Our work enables the generation and processing of high-dimensional quantum states in a single spatial mode.Optical quantum states based on entangled photons are essential for solving questions in fundamental physics and are at the heart of quantum information science. Specifically, the realization of high-dimensional states (D-level quantum systems, that is, qudits, with D > 2) and their control are necessary for fundamental investigations of quantum mechanics, for increasing the sensitivity of quantum imaging schemes, for improving the robustness and key rate of quantum communication protocols, for enabling a richer variety of quantum simulations, and for achieving more efficient and error-tolerant quantum computation. Integrated photonics has recently become a leading platform for the compact, cost-efficient, and stable generation and processing of non-classical optical states. However, so far, integrated entangled quantum sources have been limited to qubits (D = 2). Here we demonstrate on-chip generation of entangled qudit states, where the photons are created in a coherent superposition of multiple high-purity frequency modes. In particular, we confirm the realization of a quantum system with at least one hundred dimensions, formed by two entangled qudits with D = 10. Furthermore, using state-of-the-art, yet off-the-shelf telecommunications components, we introduce a coherent manipulation platform with which to control frequency-entangled states, capable of performing deterministic high-dimensional gate operations. We validate this platform by measuring Bell inequality violations and performing quantum state tomography. Our work enables the generation and processing of high-dimensional quantum states in a single spatial mode. The on-chip generation of high-dimensional frequency-entangled states and their spectral-domain manipulation are demonstrated, introducing a powerful and practical platform for quantum information processing. Entangled qudits for quick communications Qubits, the quantum version of bits, are constructed from two-level quantum systems, but in principle a quantum information processor could exploit higher-dimensional quantum systems for operation. These systems with an arbitrary number of levels are often termed qudits and can be generated, for example, from photons. Using qudits instead of qubits can increase sensitivity in quantum imaging and can boost quantum communication schemes. Here, Michael Kues et al . generate two entangled qudits on an integrated photonic chip using a four-wave mixing process. Each qudit encodes a 10-dimensional state, enabling the realization of a quantum system with 100 dimensions. This technique could find application in fibre-based quantum communications. Optical quantum states based on entangled photons are essential for solving questions in fundamental physics and are at the heart of quantum information science 1 . Specifically, the realization of high-dimensional states ( D -level quantum systems, that is, qudits, with D > 2) and their control are necessary for fundamental investigations of quantum mechanics 2 , for increasing the sensitivity of quantum imaging schemes 3 , for improving the robustness and key rate of quantum communication protocols 4 , for enabling a richer variety of quantum simulations 5 , and for achieving more efficient and error-tolerant quantum computation 6 . Integrated photonics has recently become a leading platform for the compact, cost-efficient, and stable generation and processing of non-classical optical states 7 . However, so far, integrated entangled quantum sources have been limited to qubits ( D = 2) 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 . Here we demonstrate on-chip generation of entangled qudit states, where the photons are created in a coherent superposition of multiple high-purity frequency modes. In particular, we confirm the realization of a quantum system with at least one hundred dimensions, formed by two entangled qudits with D = 10. Furthermore, using state-of-the-art, yet off-the-shelf telecommunications components, we introduce a coherent manipulation platform with which to control frequency-entangled states, capable of performing deterministic high-dimensional gate operations. We validate this platform by measuring Bell inequality violations and performing quantum state tomography. Our work enables the generation and processing of high-dimensional quantum states in a single spatial mode.
Author	Cortés, Luis Romero Cino, Alfonso Caspani, Lucia Zhang, Yanbing Little, Brent E. Reimer, Christian Wetzel, Benjamin Morandotti, Roberto Azaña, José Chu, Sai T. Roztocki, Piotr Sciara, Stefania Moss, David J. Kues, Michael
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Michael surname: Kues fullname: Kues, Michael email: michael.kues@emt.inrs.ca organization: Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT) 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Rankine Building – sequence: 2 givenname: Christian surname: Reimer fullname: Reimer, Christian organization: Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT) 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet – sequence: 3 givenname: Piotr surname: Roztocki fullname: Roztocki, Piotr organization: Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT) 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet – sequence: 4 givenname: Luis Romero surname: Cortés fullname: Cortés, Luis Romero organization: Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT) 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet – sequence: 5 givenname: Stefania surname: Sciara fullname: Sciara, Stefania organization: Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT) 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models, University of Palermo – sequence: 6 givenname: Benjamin surname: Wetzel fullname: Wetzel, Benjamin organization: Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT) 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sussex – sequence: 7 givenname: Yanbing surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Yanbing organization: Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT) 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet – sequence: 8 givenname: Alfonso surname: Cino fullname: Cino, Alfonso organization: Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models, University of Palermo – sequence: 9 givenname: Sai T. surname: Chu fullname: Chu, Sai T. organization: Department of Physics and Material Science, City University of Hong Kong – sequence: 10 givenname: Brent E. surname: Little fullname: Little, Brent E. organization: State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science – sequence: 11 givenname: David J. surname: Moss fullname: Moss, David J. organization: Centre for Micro Photonics, Swinburne University of Technology – sequence: 12 givenname: Lucia surname: Caspani fullname: Caspani, Lucia organization: Department of Physics, Institute of Photonics, University of Strathclyde, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University – sequence: 13 givenname: José surname: Azaña fullname: Azaña, José organization: Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT) 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet – sequence: 14 givenname: Roberto surname: Morandotti fullname: Morandotti, Roberto email: morandotti@emt.inrs.ca organization: Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT) 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28658228$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	The on-chip generation of high-dimensional frequency-entangled states and their spectral-domain manipulation are demonstrated, introducing a powerful and... Optical quantum states based on entangled photons are essential for solving questions in fundamental physics and are at the heart of quantum information...
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StartPage	622
SubjectTerms	639/624/400/482 639/766/400/3925 Bell's inequality Coherence Computer simulation Dimensional measurement Entangled states Humanities and Social Sciences letter multidisciplinary Optical data processing Photonics Photons Quantum computing Quantum mechanics Quantum phenomena Quantum theory Qubits (quantum computing) Robustness Science Superposition (mathematics)
Title	On-chip generation of high-dimensional entangled quantum states and their coherent control
URI	https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/nature22986 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28658228 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1920622007 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1914846871
Volume	546
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