Dynamics and underlying causes of illegal bushmeat trade in Zimbabwe
The prevalence and impacts of the illegal trade in bushmeat are under appreciated in Southern Africa, despite indications that it constitutes a serious conservation threat in parts of the region. Bushmeat trade has emerged as a severe threat to wildlife conservation and the viability of wildlife-bas...
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| Vydané v: | Oryx Ročník 45; číslo 1; s. 84 - 95 |
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| Hlavní autori: | , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
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Cambridge, UK
Cambridge University Press
01.01.2011
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| ISSN: | 0030-6053, 1365-3008 |
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| Abstract | The prevalence and impacts of the illegal trade in bushmeat are under appreciated in Southern Africa, despite indications that it constitutes a serious conservation threat in parts of the region. Bushmeat trade has emerged as a severe threat to wildlife conservation and the viability of wildlife-based land uses in Zimbabwe during a period of political instability and severe economic decline. We conducted a study around Savé Valley Conservancy in the South-East Lowveld of Zimbabwe to investigate the dynamics and underlying causes of the bushmeat trade, with the objective of developing solutions. We found that bushmeat hunting is conducted mainly by unemployed young men to generate cash income, used mostly to purchase food. Bushmeat is mainly sold to people with cash incomes in adjacent communal lands and population centres and is popular by virtue of its affordability and availability. Key drivers of the bushmeat trade in the South-East Lowveld include: poverty, unemployment and food shortages, settlement of wildlife areas by impoverished communities that provided open access to wildlife resources, failure to provide stakes for communities in wildlife-based land uses, absence of affordable protein sources other than illegally sourced bushmeat, inadequate investment in anti-poaching in areas remaining under wildlife management, and weak penal systems that do not provide sufficient deterrents to illegal bushmeat hunters. Each of these underlying causes needs to be addressed for the bushmeat trade to be tackled effectively. However, in the absence of political and economic stability, controlling illegal bushmeat hunting will remain extremely difficult and the future of wildlife-based land uses will remain bleak. |
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| AbstractList | The prevalence and impacts of the illegal trade in bushmeat are under appreciated in Southern Africa, despite indications that it constitutes a serious conservation threat in parts of the region. Bushmeat trade has emerged as a severe threat to wildlife conservation and the viability of wildlife-based land uses in Zimbabwe during a period of political instability and severe economic decline. We conducted a study around Savé Valley Conservancy in the South-East Lowveld of Zimbabwe to investigate the dynamics and underlying causes of the bushmeat trade, with the objective of developing solutions. We found that bushmeat hunting is conducted mainly by unemployed young men to generate cash income, used mostly to purchase food. Bushmeat is mainly sold to people with cash incomes in adjacent communal lands and population centres and is popular by virtue of its affordability and availability. Key drivers of the bushmeat trade in the South-East Lowveld include: poverty, unemployment and food shortages, settlement of wildlife areas by impoverished communities that provided open access to wildlife resources, failure to provide stakes for communities in wildlife-based land uses, absence of affordable protein sources other than illegally sourced bushmeat, inadequate investment in anti-poaching in areas remaining under wildlife management, and weak penal systems that do not provide sufficient deterrents to illegal bushmeat hunters. Each of these underlying causes needs to be addressed for the bushmeat trade to be tackled effectively. However, in the absence of political and economic stability, controlling illegal bushmeat hunting will remain extremely difficult and the future of wildlife-based land uses will remain bleak. Abstract The prevalence and impacts of the illegal trade in bushmeat are under appreciated in Southern Africa, despite indications that it constitutes a serious conservation threat in parts of the region. Bushmeat trade has emerged as a severe threat to wildlife conservation and the viability of wildlife-based land uses in Zimbabwe during a period of political instability and severe economic decline. We conducted a study around Savé Valley Conservancy in the South-East Lowveld of Zimbabwe to investigate the dynamics and underlying causes of the bushmeat trade, with the objective of developing solutions. We found that bushmeat hunting is conducted mainly by unemployed young men to generate cash income, used mostly to purchase food. Bushmeat is mainly sold to people with cash incomes in adjacent communal lands and population centres and is popular by virtue of its affordability and availability. Key drivers of the bushmeat trade in the South-East Lowveld include: poverty, unemployment and food shortages, settlement of wildlife areas by impoverished communities that provided open access to wildlife resources, failure to provide stakes for communities in wildlife-based land uses, absence of affordable protein sources other than illegally sourced bushmeat, inadequate investment in anti-poaching in areas remaining under wildlife management, and weak penal systems that do not provide sufficient deterrents to illegal bushmeat hunters. Each of these underlying causes needs to be addressed for the bushmeat trade to be tackled effectively. However, in the absence of political and economic stability, controlling illegal bushmeat hunting will remain extremely difficult and the future of wildlife-based land uses will remain bleak. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] The prevalence and impacts of the illegal trade in bushmeat are under appreciated in Southern Africa, despite indications that it constitutes a serious conservation threat in parts of the region. Bushmeat trade has emerged as a severe threat to wildlife conservation and the viability of wildlife-based land uses in Zimbabwe during a period of political instability and severe economic decline. We conducted a study around Save Valley Conservancy in the South-East Lowveld of Zimbabwe to investigate the dynamics and underlying causes of the bushmeat trade, with the objective of developing solutions. We found that bushmeat hunting is conducted mainly by unemployed young men to generate cash income, used mostly to purchase food. Bushmeat is mainly sold to people with cash incomes in adjacent communal lands and population centres and is popular by virtue of its affordability and availability. Key drivers of the bushmeat trade in the South-East Lowveld include: poverty, unemployment and food shortages, settlement of wildlife areas by impoverished communities that provided open access to wildlife resources, failure to provide stakes for communities in wildlife-based land uses, absence of affordable protein sources other than illegally sourced bushmeat, inadequate investment in anti-poaching in areas remaining under wildlife management, and weak penal systems that do not provide sufficient deterrents to illegal bushmeat hunters. Each of these underlying causes needs to be addressed for the bushmeat trade to be tackled effectively. However, in the absence of political and economic stability, controlling illegal bushmeat hunting will remain extremely difficult and the future of wildlife-based land uses will remain bleak. |
| Author | Lindsey, P. A. Mupamhadzi, I. Romañach, S.S. Muvengwi, J. Matema, S. Matema, C. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: P. A. surname: Lindsey fullname: Lindsey, P. A. email: palindsey@gmail.com organization: 1Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, TRAFFIC East/Southern Africa, PO Box CY1409, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe – sequence: 2 givenname: S.S. surname: Romañach fullname: Romañach, S.S. organization: 2African Wildlife Conservation Fund, Doral, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: S. surname: Matema fullname: Matema, S. organization: 3Centre for Applied Social Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe – sequence: 4 givenname: C. surname: Matema fullname: Matema, C. organization: 3Centre for Applied Social Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe – sequence: 5 givenname: I. surname: Mupamhadzi fullname: Mupamhadzi, I. organization: 4TRAFFIC East/Southern Africa c/o WWF—Southern Africa Regional Programme Office, Harare, Zimbabwe – sequence: 6 givenname: J. surname: Muvengwi fullname: Muvengwi, J. organization: 5Department of Environmental Science, Bindura University of Science Education, Bindura, Zimbabwe |
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| Keywords | Bushmeat trade game ranching private land land reform snaring Zimbabwe Savé Valley Conservancy |
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| References_xml | – start-page: 177 volume-title: Bushmeat and Livelihoods year: 2007 ident: S0030605310001274_ref28 – start-page: 92 volume-title: Bushmeat and Livelihoods year: 2007 ident: S0030605310001274_ref8 – ident: S0030605310001274_ref12 doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.01636.x – ident: S0030605310001274_ref6 doi: 10.1111/j.0004-0894.2003.00189.x – ident: S0030605310001274_ref37 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2007.00836.x – ident: S0030605310001274_ref22 doi: 10.1126/science.1132780 – ident: S0030605310001274_ref17 doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99067.x – volume-title: Game Ranch Management year: 2002 ident: S0030605310001274_ref5 – volume-title: New Hyperinflation Index Puts Zimbabwe’s Inflation at 89.7 Sextillion Percent year: 2009 ident: S0030605310001274_ref20 – volume: 9 start-page: 55 year: 2002 ident: S0030605310001274_ref30 article-title: Handling non response error in the Journal of International Agriculture and Extension Education publication-title: Journal of International Agriculture and Extension Education – ident: S0030605310001274_ref29 doi: 10.1017/S0030605300029859 – ident: S0030605310001274_ref38 doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.96027.x – start-page: 163 volume-title: Evolution and Innovation in Wildlife Conservation year: 2008 ident: S0030605310001274_ref32 – ident: S0030605310001274_ref23 doi: 10.1017/S0030605302000716 – volume-title: FAOSTAT year: 2009 ident: S0030605310001274_ref18 – volume: 262 start-page: 61 year: 1999 ident: S0030605310001274_ref13 article-title: Providing impala meat to local populations in Nyaminyami (Omay, Zimbabwe) publication-title: Bois et forets des tropiques – volume-title: Biodiversity and War: A Case Study of Mozambique year: 2001 ident: S0030605310001274_ref21 – volume-title: The World Factbook year: 2008 ident: S0030605310001274_ref10 – ident: S0030605310001274_ref45 doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.05.010 – volume-title: JMPIN version 4.0.2 year: 2000 ident: S0030605310001274_ref26 – volume-title: Unite for Children year: 2009 ident: S0030605310001274_ref43 – volume-title: Food for Thought: The Utilisation of Wild Meat in Eastern and Southern Africa year: 1998 ident: S0030605310001274_ref2 – volume: 21 start-page: 275 year: 2004 ident: S0030605310001274_ref27 article-title: Communal game ranching in Zimbabwe: local empowerment and sustainable game meat production for rural communities publication-title: Game and Wildlife Science – volume-title: Principles, Practice and Results of CBNRM in Southern Africa year: 2005 ident: S0030605310001274_ref9 – volume-title: Dead by 34: How Aids and Starvation Condemn Zimbabwe’s Women to Early Grave year: 2006 ident: S0030605310001274_ref42 – ident: S0030605310001274_ref14 doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00425.x – ident: S0030605310001274_ref19 doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9051085.x-i1 – volume-title: Savé Valley Conservancy: Management of the Elephant Population year: 2007 ident: S0030605310001274_ref35 – ident: S0030605310001274_ref1 doi: 10.1017/S0030605302000443 – ident: S0030605310001274_ref36 doi: 10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00123-X – ident: S0030605310001274_ref47 doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.96156.x – volume: 33 start-page: 233 year: 1999 ident: S0030605310001274_ref7 article-title: The threat to primates and other mammals from the wild meat trade in Africa, and how this threat could be diminished publication-title: Oryx – start-page: 41 volume-title: Conservation and Development Interventions at the Wildlife/Livestock Interface: Implications for Wildlife, Livestock and Human Health year: 2005 ident: S0030605310001274_ref11 – volume-title: Review of Wildlife Issues Associated with the Land Reform Programme in Zimbabwe year: 2004 ident: S0030605310001274_ref15 – ident: S0030605310001274_ref34 doi: 10.1017/S0376892902000279 – ident: S0030605310001274_ref4 doi: 10.1017/S0030605302000637 – start-page: 177 volume-title: Bushmeat and Livelihoods year: 2007 ident: S0030605310001274_ref44 – ident: S0030605310001274_ref46 doi: 10.1023/A:1008877309871 – ident: S0030605310001274_ref3 doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00595.x – ident: S0030605310001274_ref48 doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00372.x – ident: S0030605310001274_ref31 doi: 10.1017/S0030605310000153 – ident: S0030605310001274_ref41 doi: 10.1017/S1367943004001532 – volume-title: The Behavior Guide to African Mammals year: 1991 ident: S0030605310001274_ref16 – volume-title: The Potential Production of Meat from Savé Valley Conservancy year: 2009 ident: S0030605310001274_ref33 – volume-title: Management Plan for the Savé Valley Conservancy year: 2006 ident: S0030605310001274_ref40 – ident: S0030605310001274_ref24 doi: 10.2307/2404861 – ident: S0030605310001274_ref39 doi: 10.1080/09669580408667224 – volume-title: ‘Night Time Spinach’: Conservation and Livelihood Implications of Wild Meat Use in Refugee Situations in North-Western Tanzania year: 2007 ident: S0030605310001274_ref25 |
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| SubjectTerms | Economic decline Economics Endangered & extinct species Hunting Land use Natural resources Poaching Poverty Wildlife conservation Wildlife management Wildlife trade |
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