Completeness of the ZX-Calculus

The ZX-Calculus is a graphical language for diagrammatic reasoning in quantum mechanics and quantum information theory. It comes equipped with an equational presentation. We focus here on a very important property of the language: completeness, which roughly ensures the equational theory captures al...

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Veröffentlicht in:Logical methods in computer science Jg. 16, Issue 2; H. 2; S. 11:1 - 11:72
Hauptverfasser: Jeandel, Emmanuel, Perdrix, Simon, Vilmart, Renaud
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Logical Methods in Computer Science Association 04.06.2020
Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V
Schlagworte:
Computational Complexity
Computer Science
computer science - logic in computer science
Data Structures and Algorithms
Discrete Mathematics
Physics
Quantum Physics
ISSN:1860-5974, 1860-5974
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Zusammenfassung:The ZX-Calculus is a graphical language for diagrammatic reasoning in quantum mechanics and quantum information theory. It comes equipped with an equational presentation. We focus here on a very important property of the language: completeness, which roughly ensures the equational theory captures all of quantum mechanics. We first improve on the known-to-be-complete presentation for the so-called Clifford fragment of the language - a restriction that is not universal - by adding some axioms. Thanks to a system of back-and-forth translation between the ZX-Calculus and a third-party complete graphical language, we prove that the provided axiomatisation is complete for the first approximately universal fragment of the language, namely Clifford+T. We then prove that the expressive power of this presentation, though aimed at achieving completeness for the aforementioned restriction, extends beyond Clifford+T, to a class of diagrams that we call linear with Clifford+T constants. We use another version of the third-party language - and an adapted system of back-and-forth translation - to complete the language for the ZX-Calculus as a whole, that is, with no restriction. We briefly discuss the added axioms, and finally, we provide a complete axiomatisation for an altered version of the language which involves an additional generator, making the presentation simpler.
ISSN:1860-5974
1860-5974
DOI:10.23638/LMCS-16(2:11)2020