The Lancet Commission on medicine, Nazism, and the Holocaust: historical evidence, implications for today, teaching for tomorrow

What happened under the Nazi regime has far-ranging implications for the health professions today, and virtually every debate about health professional ethics can gain from an understanding of this shameful history—from questions regarding the beginning and the end of life, to health professionals&#...

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Published in:The Lancet (British edition) Vol. 402; no. 10415; pp. 1867 - 1940
Main Authors: Czech, Herwig, Hildebrandt, Sabine, Reis, Shmuel P, Chelouche, Tessa, Fox, Matthew, González-López, Esteban, Lepicard, Etienne, Ley, Astrid, Offer, Miriam, Ohry, Avi, Rotzoll, Maike, Sachse, Carola, Siegel, Sari J, Šimůnek, Michal, Teicher, Amir, Uzarczyk, Kamila, von Villiez, Anna, Wald, Hedy S, Wynia, Matthew K, Roelcke, Volker
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Elsevier Ltd 18.11.2023
Elsevier Limited
Subjects:
Antisemitism
COVID-19
Economics
End of life
Ethics
Ethics, Medical
Genocide
Health care
Holocaust
Human rights
Humans
Medical personnel
Medicine
National Socialism
Political factors
Professional ethics
Public policy
Germany
ISSN:0140-6736, 1474-547X, 1474-547X
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Abstract What happened under the Nazi regime has far-ranging implications for the health professions today, and virtually every debate about health professional ethics can gain from an understanding of this shameful history—from questions regarding the beginning and the end of life, to health professionals' roles as economic actors or as agents of the state. [...]we offer here a new educational paradigm, which we term history-informed professional identity formation. Teaching should focus on learning core facts and reflecting on the implications of this history for present and future health-care practice, including the responsibility of medical professionals and their institutions to uphold human rights within clinical practice, research, and public policy, and to combat antisemitism, racism, and other forms of discrimination. The history of medicine, Nazism, and the Holocaust shows that values and ethics in health care are not immutable but change over time dependent on cultural, social, economic, and political factors (and particularly when placed under pressure). [...]values and ethics constantly need to be critically assessed and reinforced to protect them from potentially becoming exclusionary and inhumane.
AbstractList What happened under the Nazi regime has far-ranging implications for the health professions today, and virtually every debate about health professional ethics can gain from an understanding of this shameful history—from questions regarding the beginning and the end of life, to health professionals' roles as economic actors or as agents of the state. [...]we offer here a new educational paradigm, which we term history-informed professional identity formation. Teaching should focus on learning core facts and reflecting on the implications of this history for present and future health-care practice, including the responsibility of medical professionals and their institutions to uphold human rights within clinical practice, research, and public policy, and to combat antisemitism, racism, and other forms of discrimination. The history of medicine, Nazism, and the Holocaust shows that values and ethics in health care are not immutable but change over time dependent on cultural, social, economic, and political factors (and particularly when placed under pressure). [...]values and ethics constantly need to be critically assessed and reinforced to protect them from potentially becoming exclusionary and inhumane.
Author Siegel, Sari J
Chelouche, Tessa
Hildebrandt, Sabine
Šimůnek, Michal
von Villiez, Anna
Reis, Shmuel P
Offer, Miriam
Sachse, Carola
Rotzoll, Maike
Wynia, Matthew K
Wald, Hedy S
Roelcke, Volker
Fox, Matthew
Ohry, Avi
Lepicard, Etienne
Ley, Astrid
Czech, Herwig
Uzarczyk, Kamila
Teicher, Amir
González-López, Esteban
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Herwig
  surname: Czech
  fullname: Czech, Herwig
  organization: Ethics, Collections, and History of Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Sabine
  surname: Hildebrandt
  fullname: Hildebrandt, Sabine
  email: sabine.hildebrandt@childrens.harvard.edu
  organization: Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Shmuel P
  surname: Reis
  fullname: Reis, Shmuel P
  organization: Center for Medical Education, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Tessa
  surname: Chelouche
  fullname: Chelouche, Tessa
  organization: Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute, Haifa, Israel
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Matthew
  surname: Fox
  fullname: Fox, Matthew
  organization: Jakobovits Center for Jewish Medical Ethics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Esteban
  surname: González-López
  fullname: González-López, Esteban
  organization: Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Etienne
  surname: Lepicard
  fullname: Lepicard, Etienne
  organization: Center for Medical Education, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Astrid
  surname: Ley
  fullname: Ley, Astrid
  organization: Memorial and Museum Sachsenhausen, Oranienburg, Germany
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Miriam
  surname: Offer
  fullname: Offer, Miriam
  organization: Center of the Study of Jewish Medicine during the Holocaust, Western Galilee College, Acre, Israel
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Avi
  surname: Ohry
  fullname: Ohry, Avi
  organization: Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Maike
  surname: Rotzoll
  fullname: Rotzoll, Maike
  organization: Institute for the History of Pharmacy and Medicine, Marburg University, Marburg, Germany
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Carola
  surname: Sachse
  fullname: Sachse, Carola
  organization: Institute of Contemporary History, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Sari J
  surname: Siegel
  fullname: Siegel, Sari J
  organization: Center for Medicine, Holocaust, and Genocide Studies, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
– sequence: 14
  givenname: Michal
  surname: Šimůnek
  fullname: Šimůnek, Michal
  organization: Institute of Contemporary History of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
– sequence: 15
  givenname: Amir
  surname: Teicher
  fullname: Teicher, Amir
  organization: Department of History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
– sequence: 16
  givenname: Kamila
  surname: Uzarczyk
  fullname: Uzarczyk, Kamila
  organization: Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
– sequence: 17
  givenname: Anna
  surname: von Villiez
  fullname: von Villiez, Anna
  organization: Memorial Israelitische Töchterschule, Hamburger Volkshochschule, Hamburg, Germany
– sequence: 18
  givenname: Hedy S
  surname: Wald
  fullname: Wald, Hedy S
  organization: Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
– sequence: 19
  givenname: Matthew K
  surname: Wynia
  fullname: Wynia, Matthew K
  organization: Center for Bioethics and Humanities, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
– sequence: 20
  givenname: Volker
  surname: Roelcke
  fullname: Roelcke, Volker
  organization: Institute for the History, Theory and Ethics of Medicine, Giessen University, Gießen, Germany
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37951225$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet What happened under the Nazi regime has far-ranging implications for the health professions today, and virtually every debate about health professional ethics...
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SubjectTerms Antisemitism
COVID-19
Economics
End of life
Ethics
Ethics, Medical
Genocide
Health care
Holocaust
Human rights
Humans
Medical personnel
Medicine
National Socialism
Political factors
Professional ethics
Public policy
Title The Lancet Commission on medicine, Nazism, and the Holocaust: historical evidence, implications for today, teaching for tomorrow
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37951225
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