The Role of Virtual and Augmented Reality in Industrial Design: A Case Study of Usability Assessment

The integration of virtual and augmented reality is transforming processes in the field of product design. This study evaluates the usability of immersive digital tools applied to industrial design through a combined market research and empirical case study, using the software ‘Gravity Sketch’ and t...

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Vydáno v:	Applied sciences Ročník 15; číslo 15; s. 8725
Hlavní autoři:	Martín-Mariscal, Amanda, Torres-Leal, Carmen, Aguilar-Planet, Teresa, Peralta, Estela
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2025
Témata:	3-D printers Augmented Reality Automation Backup software CAD Case studies Collaboration Computer aided design Creative ability Efficiency Ergonomics immersive applications immersive design Immersive technology Industrial design Marketing research mixed reality Product design Product development Small & medium sized enterprises-SME Software Usability Usability testing Virtual reality United Kingdom California United States Arkansas Germany
ISSN:	2076-3417, 2076-3417
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Abstract	The integration of virtual and augmented reality is transforming processes in the field of product design. This study evaluates the usability of immersive digital tools applied to industrial design through a combined market research and empirical case study, using the software ‘Gravity Sketch’ and the immersive headset ‘Meta Quest 3’. An embedded single case study was conducted based on the international standard ISO 9241-11, considering the dimensions of effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction, analysed through nine indicators: tasks completed, time to complete tasks, dimensional accuracy, interoperability, interactivity, fatigue, human error, learning curve, and perceived creativity. The results show a progressive improvement in user–system interaction across the seven Design Units, as users become more familiar with immersive technologies. Effectiveness improves as users gain experience, though it remains sensitive to design complexity. Efficiency shows favourable values even in early stages, reflecting operational fluency despite learning demands. Satisfaction records the greatest improvement, driven by smoother interaction and greater creative freedom. These findings highlight the potential of immersive tools to support design processes while also underlining the need for future research on sustained usability, interface ergonomics, and collaborative workflows in extended reality environments.
AbstractList	The integration of virtual and augmented reality is transforming processes in the field of product design. This study evaluates the usability of immersive digital tools applied to industrial design through a combined market research and empirical case study, using the software ‘Gravity Sketch’ and the immersive headset ‘Meta Quest 3’. An embedded single case study was conducted based on the international standard ISO 9241-11, considering the dimensions of effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction, analysed through nine indicators: tasks completed, time to complete tasks, dimensional accuracy, interoperability, interactivity, fatigue, human error, learning curve, and perceived creativity. The results show a progressive improvement in user–system interaction across the seven Design Units, as users become more familiar with immersive technologies. Effectiveness improves as users gain experience, though it remains sensitive to design complexity. Efficiency shows favourable values even in early stages, reflecting operational fluency despite learning demands. Satisfaction records the greatest improvement, driven by smoother interaction and greater creative freedom. These findings highlight the potential of immersive tools to support design processes while also underlining the need for future research on sustained usability, interface ergonomics, and collaborative workflows in extended reality environments.
Audience	Academic
Author	Peralta, Estela Martín-Mariscal, Amanda Aguilar-Planet, Teresa Torres-Leal, Carmen
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SubjectTerms	3-D printers Augmented Reality Automation Backup software CAD Case studies Collaboration Computer aided design Creative ability Efficiency Ergonomics immersive applications immersive design Immersive technology Industrial design Marketing research mixed reality Product design Product development Small & medium sized enterprises-SME Software Usability Usability testing Virtual reality
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Title	The Role of Virtual and Augmented Reality in Industrial Design: A Case Study of Usability Assessment
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